MOLECULAR ENGINEERING STUDIES ON NONTHROMBOGENIC BIOMATERIALS——A NOVEL CLASS OF NONTHROMBOGENIC BIOMATERIALS WITH ZWITTERIONIC STRUCTURE OF CARBOXYBETAINES

N,N-dimethyl-N-methacryloyloxyethyl-N-carboxyethyl ammonium (DMMCA) was graft-copolymerized onto the surface of segmented poly(ether urethane) (SPEU) and PE film. The carboxybetaine structure on SPEU and PE film surfaces was confirmed by ATR-FTIR, XPS and water contact angle measurements. Through the experiments with platelet adhesion and protein adhesion assay in vitro, the two materials studied, including poly-DMMCA gel, all show excellent nonthrombogenicity. This confirms once again that the zwitterionic molecular structure on the surfaces of materials is essential for improving their nonthrombogenicity and biocompatibility.     

Surface modification of SPEU films by ozone induced graft copolymerization to improve hemocompatibility

Surface modification of segmented poly(ether urethane) (SPEU) by graft copolymerization with N,N′-dimethyl-N-methacryloyloxyethyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium (DMMSA), a zwitterionic sulfobetaine structure, was conducted. A simple two-step procedure for grafting of DMMSA onto the surface of SPEU film was used. The surface was first treated with ozone to introduce active hydroperoxide groups. The active surface was then exposed to the DMMSA solution in the sealed tube. Grafted SPEU film was characterized by ATR–FTIR, XPS and contact angle measurement. ATR–FTIR and XPS investigations confirmed the graft copolymerization. The monomer concentration, copolymerization temperature and time were varied to maximize the efficiency of DMMSA grafting. The equilibrium water content (EWC) and contact angle measurements showed that the hydrophilicity of the film had been greatly improved. The blood compatibility of the grafted films was evaluated by platelet adhesion in platelet rich plasma (PRP), deposits in blood control and protein adsorption in bovine fibrinogen using SPEU film as the control. No platelet adhesion and no thrombus were observed for the grafted films incubated in PRP for 300 min and in blood for 120 min, respectively. The protein adsorption was reduced on the grafted films after incubation in bovine fibrinogen for 120 min. These results proved that improved blood compatibility was obtained by grafting this new zwitterionic sulfobetaine structure monomer onto SPEU film.     

A NOVEL ZWITTERIONIC SILANE COUPLING AGENT FOR NONTHROMBOGENIC BIOMATERIALS

A novel silane coupling agent bearing sulfobetaine group, N,N-diethyl-N-（3-sulfopropyl）-aminopropyl- trimethoxysilane （DESATS）, was first designed, synthesized and characterized. Its solution property was studied by means of dynamic light scattering. DESATS was successfully bonded onto the surface of the glass and proved by ESCA. Platelet adhesion assay in vitro indicated that the nonthrombogenicity of glass slide modified with DESATS is greatly improved.     

甲基丙烯酸烷基磺酸钠在嵌段聚醚氨酯膜上接枝聚合的研究

本文对两种新合成的亲水性单体,甲基丙烯酸已磺酸钠和甲基丙烯酸辛磺酸钠在聚醚氨酯膜上接枝聚合进行了研究。其反应分两步:首先,在过氧化氢存在下,将膜进行光氧化,引入过氧化氢基团;然后,在还原剂亚铁盐作用下,引发甲基丙烯酸烷基磺酸酯接枝聚合。单体浓度、亚铁盐浓度、反应温度对接枝速率均有影响。接枝膜与基膜相比,吸水率与抗凝血性能均有提高。辛酯接枝膜的抗凝血性能显得更好。用扫描电镜可观察到膜上接枝物的图象。     

N-甲基丙烯酰-N′-甲基哌嗪在嵌段聚醚氨酯膜上的Co~(60)-γ辐射接枝的研究

<正> 用亲水性单体对嵌段聚醚氨酯(SPEU)膜接枝共聚以改善其抗凝血性能,在医用材料的研究中已引起普遍重视,但由于一般化学方法接枝引发系统中带入的小分子常常对产品的医用性质造成不利的影响。我们曾报道通过Co~(60)-γ射线预辐照法用亲水性单体对以PTMG;MDI与不同的二胺类扩链剂制备的SPEU膜接枝共聚。本文在此基础上选用了两种单体AMP和MAMP。     

N-甲基丙烯酰-N′-甲基哌嗪在嵌段聚醚氨酯膜上的Co60-γ辐射接枝的研究

The graft copolymerization of N-methacryl-N'-methyl-opiperazine onto segmented polye-therurethane (SPEU) film by Go⁶⁰-r-preirradiation has been studied. It is found that the grafting time varies with structure of different chain extenders. The grafted substrated become opaque, the contact angle drops down and from SEM photographs with salient micrograph showing grafts of macrochain on the surface of SPEU film.     

甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇单甲醚酯在聚(醚-氨酯)表面的臭氧化接枝

甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇单甲醚酯在聚（醚 氨酯）表面的臭氧化接枝王晨晖王安锋车波周彩华苏琳丽林思聪（南京大学高分子科学与工程系生物材料分子工程与控制释放分子工程室南京２１００９３）王炳坤（南京大学环境科学系南京２１００９３）关键词臭氧化，表面接枝，大...     

关于嵌段聚醚氨酯形态结构的研究

本文主要研究了在溶液聚合中,用两种加料方式对嵌段聚醚氨酯(SPEU)本体形态结构的影响。由透射电镜观察的结果发现,在预聚反应过程中采用两种加料方式,其最终聚合产物(SPEU)都具有明显的两相结构;加料方式不同主要影响SPEU中分散相的形态和其内的聚集态结构:(1)采用将端羟基的聚四次甲基醚(PTMEG)溶液滴加到4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)的溶液中,俟反应完成后再滴加入扩链剂(Extender)的加料方式所制得的SPEU其分散相在形态上呈现为小棒条状,这种分散微区的宽度一般在10—60nm范围内,从选区电子衍射结果证明这种微区的结构是结晶的。(2)而采用将MDI的溶液滴加到PTMEG溶液中,俟反应完成后再滴加Extender的加料方式所制备的SPEU其分散相在形态上呈现为球形,它们的直径多在100至300nm范围内,由电子衍射证明这种分散微区的结构是无定形的。     

光引发N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮在嵌段聚醚聚氨酯膜上接枝聚合的研究

本文研究了在碱性介质中,氮气氛下 N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(N-VP)在嵌段聚醚聚氨酯(SPEU)膜上的接枝聚合。测定了接枝率与接枝液中 N-VP单体浓度、光照时间、催化剂浓度等条件的关系。测定了接枝后 SPEU 膜的吸水性,并用扫描电镜对膜表面进行了观察。对碱性介质中的接枝机理进行了初步探讨。     

合成反应的加料方式对多嵌段聚醚聚氨酯动态力学性能的影响

本文研究了在溶液聚合两步法制备多嵌段聚醚聚氨酯(SPEU)过程中,两种不同的加料方式对SPEU动态力学性能的影响。实验结果表明:在反应物组成、配比相同条件下,采用先将聚醚溶液滴加入到4,4′-二苯基于烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)的溶液中,俟反应完成后再滴加入扩链剂的加料方式制得的SPEU,比采用由MDI溶液先向聚醚溶液中滴加,再加入扩链剂所制得的SPEU有较高的微相分离程度。     

无光敏剂光引发亲水性单体在嵌段聚醚氨酯膜上接枝聚合的研究

<正> 嵌段聚醚氨酯(SPEU)是一类应用广泛的医用高分子材料。用亲水性单体进行表面接枝改性,已有不少研究,接枝聚合方法有铈盐引发、辐射引发以及光敏引发等。 本文研究一种新的接枝方法,不加光敏剂,用紫外光照射,直接引发亲水性单体接枝于SPEU膜上、接枝的单体有丙烯酰胺(AAM)与N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAA),从接枝前后膜的性能变化可以证实接枝反应的发生。文中研究了反应条件与单体结构对接枝率的影响,并通过模型化合物,对接枝部位进行了研究。     

HDPE,LLDPE或LDPE高取向薄膜微结构的电子显微学研究

木工作用透射电子显微术及电子衍射技术研究3种PE(HDPE,LLDPE或LDPE)均聚物高取向薄膜的微结构。定量测定了它们的结晶尺寸。通过倾斜样品电子显微学研究确定了不同种PE纤维结构的对称性。     

SURFACE OF GELATIN MODIFIED POLY(L-LACTIC ACID)FILM

In this paper, the surface structure of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) film modified with gelatin was investigated. ThePLLA film specimens were treated directly with aqueous alkali solution to provide their surfaces with carboxyl groups, sothat these functional groups could become the reactive sites for gelatin immobilization. The functional groups of the PLLAfilms were identified by ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra, the changes in surface morphology were observed by usingenvironmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and the hydrophilicity of modified PLLA films was examined bywater contact angle measurement. Experimental results showed that the gelatin was immobilized with water-solublecarbodiimide (EDC) onto the PLLA film's surfaces, and the gelatin content on the polymer surface was related to carboxylicgroup formed in the controlled hydrolysis process. Rough surfaces caused by hydrolysis will predominantly favor the adhesion and growth of cell; and the hydrophilicity of these surfaces after the modification procedure is enhanced.     

胶束增强型聚电解质胶囊的结构研究

研究了胶束增强型聚电解质(PAH/PSS和PADA/PSS)胶囊在不同溶液环境中的形貌变化,发现这种新型的胶囊具有迥异于传统聚电解质胶囊的囊壁结构;研究了二维聚电解质复合膜与模板溶解液中嵌段共聚物PS-b-PAA胶束之间的相互作用,发现胶束层可以通过静电力与聚电解质胶囊囊壁相互作用.同时,模拟模板溶出后聚电解质胶囊内部的环境条件,研究了嵌段共聚物胶束在胶囊内部的存在状态及其在透析过程中的变化规律,认为共聚物可以通过疏水作用沉积于聚电解质复合膜的内壁,并通过Ca2+离子的桥联作用稳定,也就是在聚电解质复合膜层基础上又形成了一层胶束层.即这种胶束增强型聚电解质微胶囊的囊壁是由聚电解质层和胶束层所形成的双层结构.用这种双层结构模型,我们合理解释了胶囊在高盐离子浓度下的形貌变化.     

Optimization of silica silanization by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane

Thin films of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) are commonly used to promote adhesion between silica substrates and organic or metallic materials with applications ranging from advanced composites to biomolecular lab-on-a-chip. Unfortunately, there is confusion as to which reaction conditions will result in consistently aminated surfaces. A wide range of conflicting experimental methods are used with researchers often assuming the creation of smooth self-assembled monolayers. A range of film morphologies based on the film deposition conditions are presented here to establish an optimized method of APTES film formation. The effect of reaction temperature, solution concentration, and reaction time on the structure and morphology was studied for the system of APTES on silica. Three basic morphologies were observed: smooth thin film, smooth thick film, and roughened thick film.     

Sol–gel titania coating on unmodified and surface-modified polyimide films

Sol–gel coating of metal oxides on polymer substrates is a useful process to fabricate various organic–inorganic hybrid materials under mild conditions. However, this process is hardly applicable to pristine polyimide (PI) films because their surfaces do not display effective functional groups for metal oxide coatings. In this study, we firstly examined direct sol–gel coating of titania thin layers on unmodified PI film surfaces. The results confirmed homogeneous, ultrathin titania layer coating and showed that the thickness and microscopic morphology of the titania layers were affected by titanium alkoxide concentrations in the spin coating solutions. We next investigated titania layer coating on surface-modified PI films that prepared using alkaline hydrolysis, which generated carboxylic acid groups on the film surfaces. Optimal hydrolysis time was determined using FT-IR spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. After sol–gel titania coating on the hydrolyzed PI film surfaces, the Scotch tape test was conducted to evaluate adhesion strength between the titania layers and PI film surfaces. Morphological observations of the sample surfaces after the tests clearly showed that surface modification of PI films increased titania layer adhesions. Effect of hydrothermal treatments on film formability and adhesion strength between titania-PI film interfaces was also evaluated.     

Interfacial adhesion mechanisms in incompatible semicrystalline polymer systems

The mechanism of adhesion at semicrystalline polymer interfaces between isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and linear low‐density polyethylene (PE) was studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and an asymmetric‐double‐cantilever‐beam test. From the TEM images, both the interfacial width and the lamellar thickness of the polymers were extracted. During annealing, the interfacial width increased with the annealing temperature, and this indicated the accumulation of amorphous polymers at the interface. The interfacial strength, determined from the critical fracture energy (G_c), also increased with the annealing temperature and reached a maximum above the melting temperatures of iPP and PE, whereas the smallest G_c value was obtained below the melting temperatures of the two materials. A mechanism of interfacial strengthening was proposed accounting for the competition between the interdiffusion of PE and crystallization of iPP. As the annealing temperature increased, the rates of PE diffusion and iPP crystallization increased. Although the crystallization of iPP hindered the interdiffusion of PE, both the interfacial width and the fracture energy increased with the temperature, and this indicated that PE interdiffusion dominated iPP crystallization. Below the critical temperature, the fracture surfaces of both iPP and PE were smooth, and chain pullout dominated the fracture mechanism. Above the critical temperature, iPP crystallization still hindered the interdiffusion, and crazes could be seen on the iPP side. Above the melting temperatures of the two materials, ruptured surfaces could also be seen on the PE side, and crazing was the fracture mechanism. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2667–2679, 2004     

表面微图案化聚乳酸膜的制备及其细胞亲和性评价

利用溶剂-非溶剂法(SNS)制备表面具有微孔图案的聚乳酸(PLA)膜和聚苯乙烯(PS)膜,并以微孔PS膜为模板,构建表面具有微岛图案的PLA膜.以此为基础,对所制备的微图案表面对PLA膜亲/疏水性及成骨细胞粘附与增殖性能的影响进行研究.结果显示微图案的存在显著增强了PLA膜的表面疏水性(水接触角90°);成骨细胞在微图案表面具有良好的铺展性,其黏附数量明显高于光滑PLA膜,但细胞的生长曲线相对较平缓,显示微图案表面虽有利于细胞在PLA膜表面的粘附与铺展,但对促进细胞的增殖无贡献.     

Epitaxial growth of isotactic polypropylene on oriented polyethylene from solution

Oriented polyethylene (PE) films with surfaces bounded by the (100) plane were prepared. On the film surfaces, isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was crystallized epitaxially from solution as quadrits with their sides parallel and perpendicular to the polyethylene chain axis. In the through wide-angle x-ray diffraction pattern (taken with incident x-rays normal to the polyethylene film surface), the 111 iPP reflections was observed on the meridian (Parallel to the polyethylene chain axis). In the edge patterns (taken with x-rays incident on the edge of the polyethylene film), 040 and 060 reflections were observed on the equator. From the diffraction patterns, the following lattice coincidence was observed between polyethylene and isotactic polypropylene: (010)iPP//(100) PE, [101]iPP//[001] PE. The Small-angle x-ray scattering patterns showed that edge-on isotactic polypropylene lamellae 9 nm thick were arranged with their long axes inclined at an angle of 40° from the polyethylene axis. Molecular chains were oriented within the lamellae normal to the surfaces.     

聚乙烯薄膜在大气曝露初期熔体流动行为变化的研究

比较了聚乙烯薄膜在大气曝露过程中若干主要结构性能的变化,观察到聚合物在短时间曝露中所发生的化学反应,可用MFI测定法和微量羰基分析法灵敏地检测和跟踪。 考察了聚乙烯薄膜在曝露早期所发生的MFI变化的规律,证明这些变化主要来自早期光氧化,并可由现代光化学反应的知识得到解释。 断定,聚乙烯薄膜在大气曝露早期MFI变化的实质并非直接反映聚合物业已产生的结构变化,而是由于早期光化学反应所产生的微量活性产物促进了聚合物在MFI测定时的交联反应的结果。