烯丙醇电还原自由基中间产物的ESR研究

烯丙醇电还原自由基中间产物的ＥＳＲ研究张敬东，旷亚非，黄树坤，谢乃贤（湖南大学化学化工系，长沙４１００８２）汪风珍，陈德文（中南工业大学测试中心，长沙４１００８３）（中国科学院化学研究所，北京１０００８０）Ｈｏｒａｎｙｉ［１］、陈剑［２］等人对酸性水...     

炔丙醇电还原自由基中间产物的ESR研究

Electrochemical-ESR technique (ex situ method) with spin traps phenyl tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) and 5,5-dimethyl-1-Pyrroline-1-oxide (DMPO) has been applied to the detection of radical intermediates produced during electroreduction of propargyl alcohol (PA) at platinized platinum electrode in an acidified alcohol-aqua solution. Propargyl radical and H have been detected by PBN and DMPO, respectively. As a result of the discovery of these radicals, an evidence for a radical mechanism of the electroreduction of PA put forward by some authors might be obtained beyond all doubt.     

硒化合物对羟基自由基作用的研究

本文选用硒代蛋氨酸(Se-Met)和无机硒化合物,采用自旋捕集技术,在温和条件下进行硒化合物与羟基自由基作用的ESR研究。实验结果表明,硒化合物对羟基自由基具有清除作用。     

二氧化硫与戊烷的气相光化学反应研究

Baclock等^[1]的研究表明,在SO2与烃的光化学反应体系中,单重态SO2通过系间窜跃转化为三重态SO2参与光化学反应,Penzhorn等^[2,3]的研究表明,在SO2与C4以下气相烃的光化学反应中有多种产物存在,产物的复杂性预示反应为自由基链反应。Smith等^[4]等认为体系中存在烃的逐步氧化,同时证明SO2与烷烃光化学反应中自由基链反应的重要性,文献报道的研究多以凝聚态产物为切入点^[5],为避免器壁对光化学反应的影响,本文以气相物质为研究对象,对挥发性烷烃中结构最简单的戊烷与二氧化硫的光化学反应的气相反应产物,反应机理和影响因素等进行了研究。     

自由基检测技术进展

重点对主要的几种自由基检测技术的发展情况进行了讨论,并评价了各种方法的优缺点。涉及的自由基检测技术主要有分光光度吸收法与荧光方法、高效液相色谱法、化学发光法、电化学方法、自旋捕集技术和毛细管电泳方法,按间接检测方法和直接检测方法分类进行了评价。     

SO4^2—／ZrO2和SO4^2—／Al2O3—ZrO催化剂上的正戊烷反应

研究了添加Ａｌ对ＳＯ４＾２－／ＺｒＯ２超强酸样品的晶化,比表面、硫含量、超强酸性和正戊烷反应性能的影响,考察了活化温度、反应温度、Ａｌ含量和载Ｐｔ对催化剂活性和选择性的影响。ＳＯ４＾２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２催化剂的酸强度与ＳＯ４＾２－／ＺｒＯ２基本相当,但超强酸位经后者多,未载Ｐｔ时正戊烷反应活性和稳定性明显高于后者,负载Ｐｔ后,正戊烷异构化选择性和稳定性大大提高,但Ｐｔ／ＳＯ４＾２－／Ａｌ２Ｏ３     

2-芳基丙硅烷的光化学反应机理

从理论及实验上研究了2-芳基丙硅烷(1)的光物理及光化学特性.结果表明,在极性溶液中观察到的强荧光带来源于分子内电荷转移(ICT);在非极性溶液中,化合物1的光化学反应产物为亚甲硅基并伴随着1,3-甲硅烷基的迁移;而在乙醇-己烷溶液中,光化学反应主要导致Si-Si键的裂解,通过研究光化学反应与温度的关系可确认,亚甲硅基与1,3-甲硅烷基的迁移来源于化合物1的不同电子激发态,非谐振双光子光化学反应(NRTP)结果表明,亚甲硅基迁移来源于化合物1的La电子态.     

S2O8^2—和SO4^2—促进ZrO2固体超强酸正戊烷反应性能差异的研究

考察了常温下S2O8^2-促进ZrO2(PSZ)固体超强酸催化剂上正戊烷的反应性能，并与SO4^2-促进ZrO2（SZ）反应相比较，观察到PSZ和SZ对正戊烷都具有异构化和裂解的双重作用，主要产物分别为异戊烷和异丁烷。正戊烷的异构化转化率和表观反应速率常数主要取决于样品的焙烧温度。但对于正戊烷异构化反应，PSZ的最佳焙烧温度为550℃，比SZ的低50℃。在各自的最佳焙烧温度下反应1h后，前者的异戊烷生成率为后者的1．3倍。通过S含量和比表面积测定以及用XRD和FTIR等手段分析了PSZ的物理化学特性。从原位FTIR谱图发现，PSZ（550℃）表面S－O键的红外吸收明显比SZ（600℃）的强；通过吡啶红外手段发现PSZ（550℃）吡啶离子吸收峰的红移大于SZ（600℃），表明前者的Lewis酸强于后者。     

异戊二烯与OH自由基光化学反应的二次有机气溶胶的生成

利用烟雾箱模拟装置,研究了异戊二烯与OH自由基反应的二次有机气溶胶(SOA)的生成.反应中生成的气相产物通过质子转移反应质谱仪(PTR-MS)测定,SOA的浓度及粒径谱分布通过高分辨率粒径谱仪(EEPS3090)测定.研究表明:甲基丙烯醛(MAC)/甲基乙烯基酮(MVK)、乙醛、甲醛、甲醇、甲酸/乙醇、乙醇醛、甲基乙二醛、丙酮/丙醛等为主要气相产物,各组实验中MAC/MVK和乙醛浓度达到最大时,其产率分别介于13.78%～37.72%和5.38%～9.34%(以C计)范围内;SOA生成量及其中值粒径随异戊二烯反应量的增加而增加,气相物质稳定后,SOA产率在5.6%～11.7%范围内,粒径在22～165nm范围内.     

Autooxidation Mechanism of Pyrogallol,Its Free Radical Effects Studied by Means of ESR,UV, NMR

Pyrogallol(pyrogallic acid) is easy to be auto-oxidized, forming a free radical under alkaline condition, but the mechanism has not been clear. The mechanism of the auto-oxidation of pyrogallol was studied with ESR, UV, NMR techniques, it was found that pyrogallol was autooxidized to a quinone radical under alkaline condition. And at the same time oxygen recieved an electron from the reaction to form superoxide anions, the hydroxyl free radical was then produced by Haber-Weiss reaction. The oxygen free radicals generated from this process promoted the auto-oxidation of pyrogallol.     

硫氧分子阴离子的QCISD方法研究

使用二次组态相互作用（QCISD）方法和6－311G（d),6-311+G(d),6-311G(2d) 及6－311＋G(2d)基组研究了SO2^-和SO3^-的分子结构，超精细偶数常数（hfcc)及 其对应的分子的绝热电子亲合势（AEA）。发现在QCISD／6－311＋G（2d)水平上计 算的两个分子离子的结构，hfcc值（在^33S和^17O上的）和AEA值与实验值符合得 都很好（除SO^3-中的在^33S上的hfcc值比实验值小23％）。作为比较，我们使用 相同基组作了B3LYP方法计算，得到的超精细偶合常数和AEA值却都与实验符合得不 好。     

Autooxidation Mechanism of Pyrogallol and Its Free Radical Effects Studied by Means of ESR, UV and NMR*

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Propagation Mechanism of Radical Copolymerization of Sulfur Dioxide and Vinyl Chloride

Radical copolymerization of sulfur dioxide and vinyl chloride (VC) has been studied by the comparison of the composition of copolymers obtaining from different reaction conditions, i.e., reaction temperatures, feed compositions, and total monomer concentrations. The composition of VC in copolymer is independent of comonomer composition except at high concentration of VC in feed; it increases with increasing reaction temperature or decreasing total monomer concentration. At lower temperature, the composition of copolymer becomes independent of total monomer concentration. The overall rate of polymerization is proportional to [VC]^1,7 and [SO₂]^0.5. These results were compared with those obtained in our previous study on the SO₂-styrene copolymerization. A propagation mechanism for radical copolymerization of SO₂ and VC is also proposed.     

Photochemical synthesis and ESR spectra of quintet meta-phenylenedinitrenes

Relationships between the molecular structures and zero-field splitting parameters of quintet m-phenylenedinitrenes formed during the photolysis of 1,3-diazidobenzenes in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran solutions frozen at 77 K were studied by ESR spectroscopy and B3LYP/6-31G* calculations. Simulations of the W₋₂/W₋₁, W₊₂/W₊₁, W₋₁/W₀, W₊₁/W₀, and W₊₂/W₀ (Δm _s = 2) transitions were performed for the first time and all signals in the ESR spectra of quintet m-phenylenedinitrenes were unambiguously assigned. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1085–1089, July, 2006.     

Free Radical Isomerizations in Acetylene Bromoboration Reaction

The experimentally motivated question of the acetylene bromoboration mechanism was addressed in order to suggest possible radical isomerization pathways for the syn-adduct. Addition–elimination mechanisms starting with a bromine radical attack at the “bromine end” or the “boron end” of the C=C bond were considered. Dispersion-corrected DFT and MP2 methods with the SMD solvation model were employed using three all-electron bases as well as the ECP28MWB ansatz. The rate-determining, elimination step had a higher activation energy (12 kcal mol⁻¹) in case of the “bromine end” attack due to intermediate stabilization at both the MP2 and DFT levels. In case of the “boron end” attack, two modes of C–C bond rotation were followed and striking differences in MP2 vs. DFT potential energy surfaces were observed. Employing MP2, addition was followed by either a 180° rotation through an eclipsed conformation of vicinal bromine atoms or by an opposite rotation avoiding that conformation, with 5 kcal mol⁻¹ of elimination activation energy. Within B3LYP, the addition and rotation proceeded simultaneously, with a 9 (7) kcal mol⁻¹ barrier for rotation involving (avoiding) eclipsed conformation of vicinal bromines. For weakly bound complexes, ZPE corrections with MP2 revealed significant artifacts when diffuse bases were included, which must be considered in the Gibbs free energy profile interpretation.     

ESR Study of a Nitroxide Radical in Sol-Gel Glasses

A spin probe TEMPOL (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy) was dissolved in a tetraethyl orthosilicate sol-gel reaction system and measured by electron spin resonance spectroscopy at 295 K. The nitrogen hyperfine coupling constant was from 1.64–1.66 mT in the sol-gel solutions. The values were sensitive to the ethanol-to-water ratio of the solutions. The hyperfine coupling constant in the xerogels was 1.70 mT, which was almost the same as that in water, indicating that the probe molecules were trapped in silica pores with water adsorbed on the silica surfaces. The motion of TEMPOL in the xerogels was considerably slower than in the sol-gel solutions. The local viscosity estimated was from 70–90 cP. The ESR spectra of TEMPOL were altered during the sol-gel process, indicating that adsorbed water on the silicas surfaces has an important role for trapping organic molecules in sol-gel glasses.     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯增长自由基ESR谱研究

利用高斯分布和构象叠加模型模拟了本体聚合反应全过程增长自由基ESR谱,获得了其构象构成及其随反应的变化,并对产生变化的原因即介质粘度和增长反应对谱的影响进行了讨论。     

用电子顺磁共振法定量检测极性溶剂中的低浓度自由基

本文以定量检测甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)本体聚合反应过程中的增长自由基为例,介绍了如何用电子顺磁共振(EPR)方法定量检测极性溶剂中的低浓度自由基。详细地介绍了用自制的扁平样品池有效地克服了极性溶剂的非共振吸收现象,用计算机减谱的方法扣除了比信号大很多的背景信号。