共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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使用一锅法成功制备了水溶性聚酰胺酸盐稳定的金纳米催化剂(AuNPs-PAAS),将该催化剂用于伯醇的催化氧化.利用紫外-可见分光光度计,X射线衍射仪(XRD),透射电子显微镜(TEM)等表征方法对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,金纳米粒子在聚酰胺酸溶液中处于均匀分散状态,金纳米尺寸约为5 nm.将制备的纳米金催化剂用于伯醇的氧化,评价了其在伯醇氧化成羧酸反应中的催化性能,结果显示,在空气为氧化剂,水为溶剂的条件下,AuNPs-PAAS对伯醇的催化氧化为高效的准均相催化过程,高选择性得到羧酸产物,通过调节溶液的pH值,可以很容易的实现产物与反应体系分离和催化剂的回收和循环利用. 相似文献
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准均相催化:走向绿色和高效 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
准均相催化是指纳米粒子均匀分散在溶剂中形成准均相体系用于催化各种化学反应.调变合成准均相催化剂的条件,如制备方法、稳定剂和温度等,对于调控纳米粒子的尺寸和形貌至关重要,并显著影响其催化性能和使用寿命.准均相催化目前已被应用到加氢、氧化和C-C偶联等各种类型的反应中,表现出高活性和高选择性等优异的催化性能.膜分离、超过滤、离心、两相分离和磁分离等技术被用于催化剂的分离,可以实现准均相催化剂的循环使用.本文主要介绍准均相催化的诞生背景,发展历程和最新进展,主要包括准均相催化剂的合成及其在各种反应中的应用. 相似文献
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磁性纳米粒子负载钯催化有机合成反应研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
磁性纳米粒子负载钯催化的有机合成反应,由于具有催化活性高,催化剂在外加磁场作用下即可快速分离和重复使用等特点,已引起了人们的广泛关注.综述了近年来磁性纳米粒子负载钯催化有机合成反应的研究进展,载体包括Fe3O4纳米粒子、有机小分子修饰的磁性纳米粒子、SiO2包覆的磁性纳米粒子、碳修饰磁性纳米粒子、羟基磷灰石包覆的磁性纳米粒子和有机高分子修饰的磁性纳米粒子等. 相似文献
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氧还原反应是质子交换膜燃料电池和金属-空气电池的重要反应,贵金属铂(Pt)与元素周期表中第一排的非贵过渡金属(M)形成铂合金催化剂(PtM)可以提高氧还原反应活性. 但是,有关活性的提高有多大程度上是来自合金元素的贡献却仍然存在争议. 为了研究合金元素对PtM催化活性的影响,本工作合成了颗粒形状与合金元素含量相似的铂锰(PtMn), 铂铁(PtFe), 铂钴(PtCo)和铂镍(PtNi)纳米立方块催化剂,并考察了不同铂合金催化剂在酸性介质中的氧还原反应活性. 选择制备立方块形状纳米颗粒催化剂进行比较,可以将颗粒表面结构对催化活性的影响降到最小. 结果表明,氧还原反应活性与铂d-带中心值曲线呈现火山形关系,其中PtCo纳米立方块催化剂的活性最高. 本文所得到的实验结果与基于d-带理论框架已知表面的密度泛函理论计算结果一致. 相似文献
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现在全世界每年产生二氧化碳的量已超过百亿吨,预计到2010年全球二氧化碳的排放量将是278亿吨.二氧化碳是一种温室气体,它在大气中的含量不断增加会导致全球变暖,造成全球性气候异常,给生态环境带来严重影响,引发频繁的自然灾害.因此,如何控制二氧化碳的排放已经引起世界范围的广泛关注.2007年12月在印度尼西亚巴厘岛召开的联合国巴厘国际气候会议重点讨论了二氧化碳的排放问题,目前世界各国均投入大量人力物力进行二氧化碳的治理,如发达国家研发将二氧化碳收集并深埋地下,在治理的同时也限制企业二氧化碳排放量. 相似文献
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研究了多种载体负载 Pd 催化剂上苯甲醇无氧脱氢反应. 结果发现, 以兼具较强酸性和碱性的水滑石 (HT) 为载体时, Pd 催化剂具有优异的苯甲醇转化活性和苯甲醛选择性, 当 Pd 含量为 0.32%~0.55% 时催化性能最佳. Pd/HT 催化剂可重复使用, 且对于含推电子取代基的芳香醇、2-噻吩甲醇、α,β-不饱和醇与环状脂肪醇等的直接脱氢反应均具有较好催化性能. HT 表面的 Pd(II) 物种反应后转变为平均粒径为 2.0~2.5 nm 的 Pd 纳米粒子或纳米簇. 具有较高分散度的 Pd(II) 物种易转变为较小的 Pd 纳米粒子, 从而具有较佳的催化性能. 本文推测, 催化剂表面的碱性位可促进苯甲醇 O–H 键的活化, 形成 Pd-苯甲氧基中间体, 该中间体进一步脱氢生成苯甲醛和 Pd-H 物种; 而催化剂表面的质子酸位可与 Pd-H 作用, 促进 H2 的脱除. 相似文献
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Aromatic amines were prepared in good yields by a novel reduction of aromatic nitro compounds with tellurium metal in near-critical water at 275 ℃。 相似文献
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Development of highly active and recyclable catalysts for selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes to amines in water at room temperature is always a challenge in chemical industry. This study reports a facile in situ method for synthesis of ultrafine palladium and platinum nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized by poly (amic acid) salt (PAAS) and their potential as catalysts for hydrogenation of nitroarenes with sodium borohydride or molecular hydrogen as reductant in water at room temperature. In the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol by sodium borohydride, the activity parameters of PdNPs–PAAS and PtNPs–PAAS catalyst is 6.66 × 103 and 5.58 × 103 s?1 M?1 respectively. In the hydrogenation of diverse nitroarenes under atmospheric hydrogen pressure, PdNPs–PAAS shows high activity but poor selectivity toward desired amines in some cases, while PtNPs–PAAS shows both high activity and high selectivity for selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes to corresponding anilines. The high efficiency of nanocatalyst is due to the quasi‐homogeneous dispersion of metal NPs and synergistic effects between metal NPs and PAAS. In addition, nanocatalyst can be easily recovered with pH‐sensibility of PAAS and reused at least six times without significant loss of catalytic activities. 相似文献
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Mariana Cristea Daniela Gheorghiu Ionita Maria Bruma B. C. Simionescu 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2008,93(1):63-68
Two aromatic polyimides and the corresponding poly(amic acid)s, with oxadiazole and para/meta phenoxyphenylene rings in the backbone, were synthesized and the structure — thermal properties correlation was followed
by dynamic mechanical analysis. Concerning the poly(amic acid)s, the glass transition domain was emphasized only for the compound
with meta-oriented rings because the process of imidization takes place with increasing temperature. A multiplex experiment was performed
to calculate the activation energy of the transition localized under 200°C. Consecutive heating-cooling-heating cycles were
accomplished. All phenomena are discussed by cross-examination of the storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E″) and loss factor tanδ variation with temperature. 相似文献
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两种新的4-二氰亚甲基-2,6-二甲基-4H-吡喃衍生物及对应的聚酰胺酸被合成和表征。该聚酰胺酸在普通有机溶剂中具有良好的可溶性。报道了这些生色团衍生物的光强度、量子产率和发射波长,以及生色团共价键合所形成的聚酰胺酸膜具有比对应的生色团单体更强的荧光效应。 相似文献
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Dr. Di Xu Dr. Hujiang Shen Dr. Wei Wang Dr. Junjie Xie Tao Zhang Huihui Yuan Yuyu Li Xinyu Chen Yunlong He Yumei Zhang 《Chemphyschem》2019,20(3):374-382
Post-treatment was performed for poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films screen-printed on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates, to improve their charge transfer efficiency. Different H2SO4 solutions, including concentrated H2SO4 and H2SO4 diluted with H2O or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), were adopted during the post-treatment. The adhesion of the as-treated films was evaluated by adhesive tape peeling tests, the surface morphology and vertical charge transfer from the films to the substrates were investigated by current-sensing atomic force microscopy, and the catalytic activities toward I3− reduction of PEDOT:PSS films were characterized by electrochemical measurements. It is discovered that selecting proper H2SO4 solutions is crucial to improve the charge transfer efficiency and catalytic performance while maintaining reliable adhesion of the film on the substrates, with H2SO4/DMSO performing best as the solution for post-treatment. A mechanistic explanationis proposed based on different interactions among solution, PEDOT:PSS, and the substrate for various post-treatment solutions. 相似文献
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以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,硝酸铁为铁源,表面活性剂P123和F127为模板剂采用溶胶凝胶水热的方法制备了具有较高比表面积及可见光活性的Fe掺杂改性Ti O2光催化材料.采用粉末X射线衍射仪、氮气吸附-脱附仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、透射电子显微镜、紫外可见漫反射光谱仪、拉曼光谱仪等对催化剂进行了系统表征.以日用的1 W LED射灯为光源,将催化剂用于分子氧为氧化剂的芳香醇的氧化反应,考察了不同Fe掺杂量对反应的影响.结果表明,0.023%Fe-Ti O2的催化性能优良,具有点击反应的特点,在最佳反应条件下一些醛的选择性大于99%. 相似文献
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Eugne T. W. M. Schipper Johan P. A. Heuts Ralph P. M. Pinckaers Pieter Piet Anton L. German 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1995,33(11):1841-1848
The promoting effects of 2,4-ionene on the cobalt(II) phthalocyaninetetracarboxylic acid-[CoPc(COOH)4] and cobalt(II) phthalocyanineoctacarboxylic acid-[CoPc(COOH)8] cata-lyzed autoxidation of 2-mercaptoethanol were studied. Dimerization of the CoPc(COOH)4 catalyst, combined with the disappearance of the catalytically inactive μ-peroxo complex and the appearance of substrate enrichment in the presence of 2,4-ionene, results in a 40-fold enhancement of the oxidation rate as compared with the polymer-free system. UV-VIS spectroscopy indicates that CoPc(COOH)8 is incapable of forming μ-peroxo complexes or 2,4-ionene-induced dimeric catalyst species under normal reaction conditions. Thus, it was possible to study exclusively the ionene-induced effect of substrate enrichment. Addition of 2,4-ionene to an aqueous CoPc(COOH)8 solution results in an activity enhancement by a factor of 2-3, which can be ascribed to substrate enrichment. Additionally, using mono-disperse ionene oligomers showed a molecular weight dependence of 2,4-ionene on the catalytic activity of CoPc(COOH)8, as was observed for the conventional 2,4-ionene/cobalt phthalocyaninetetrasodiumsulfonate system. The optimal polycation/catalyst ratios of both systems decrease with increasing chain length of 2,4-ionene, until a constant value is reached. This leads to the conclusion that the optimal polymer/catalyst ratios are predominantly determined by substrate enrichment. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献