Solid–Gas Hydrogenation of Hex-3-yne and 1,4-Cyclohexadiene in the Presence of Ru3(CO)9(μ-H)(μ-PPh2), Ru3(CO)10(μ-H)(μ-PPh2), Ru3(CO)7(μ-PPh2)2(C6H4), and Ru4(CO)11(μ4-PPh)(C6H4) Deposited on Pyrex Glass, Silica, and Alumina

The title complexes were tested in the hydrogenation of hex-3-yne and of 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexadiene (CHD) under solid–gas conditions. The clusters were deposited on three “standard” supports, that is, pyrex glass, alumina, and silica. All the clusters, particularly (μ-H)Ru₃(CO)₁₀(PPh₂), show hydrogenation activity. However, they are not particularly selective toward the formation of monoenes; “disproportionation” of 1,3- and 1,4-CHD to hydrogenated products and benzene also occurs. The hydrogenation activity of the clusters is dependent on their nature, the type of substrate, and the characteristics of the supporting material; silica and pyrex glass are usually more active than alumina. Attempts at detecting the formation of organometallic intermediates or by-products (through IR spectroscopy) were made. HRTEM was used to check for eventual decomposition on some supports.     

The insertion of acetylene into the formal ruthenium-phosphorus bonds of closo-[Ru4(μ4-PPh)2(μ2-CO)(CO)10. Crystal structure of [Ru4(μ4-PPh){μ4-η3-P(Ph)CHCH}(μ2-CO)(CO)10]

Treatment of closo-[Ru₄(μ₄-PPh)₂(μ₂-CO)(CO)₁₀] with acetylene under ambient conditions leads to the insertion of the acetylene into the skeletal framework of the cluster and the formation of [Ru₄(μ₄-PPh){μ₄-η³-P(Ph)CHCH}(μ₂-CO)(CO)₁₀], the structure of which has been determined X-ray crystallographically.     

Co-ordinatively unsaturated metal cluster compounds: Facile reactivity of the phosphinidene-capped phosphido-bridged triruthenium cluster [Ru3(μ3-PPh)(μ2-PPh2)2(CO)7]

The purple, phosphinidene-capped, phosphido-bridged triruthenium cluster [Ru₃(μ₃-PPh)(μ₂-PPh₂)₂(CO)₇] reacts readily with carbon monoxide, trimethylphosphite, sodium borohydride and diphenylacetylene under mild conditions to afford product mixtures from which [Ru₃(μ-PPh)(μ₂-PPh₂)₂(CO)_7+n] (n = 1, 2 or 3), [Ru₃(μ₃-PPh)(μ₂-PPh₂)₂(CO)₆{P(OMe)₃}], [Ru₃(μ₃-η³-PhPCPhCPh)(μ₂-PPh₂)₂(CO)₆], respectively, can be isolated. The structure of [Ru₃(μ₃-PPh)(μ₂-PPh₂)₂(CO)₆{P(OMe)₃}] has been established X-ray crystallographically.     

Addition of HCl to a Cluster-Bound Vinylidene Ligand: Preparation and Structure of Ru5(μ3-SMe)(μ3-CMe)(μ-Cl)(μ-SMe)(μ-PPh2)2(CO)9·PhMe

Addition of aqueous HCl to Ru₅( ₃-C=CH₂)(-SMe)₂(-PPh₂)₂(CO)₁₀ afforded the structurally characterized carbyne complex Ru₅( ₃-SMe)( ₃-CMe)(-Cl)(-SMe)(-PPh₂)₂(CO)₉, formed by addition of H to the vinylidene ligand; a Cl atom bridges an Ru–Ru bond.     

Synthesis and structural characterization of the first transition metal cluster containing a PPh2AuPPh3 ligand,Ir4(CO)8(μ-CO)3(PPh2AuPPh3), and its conversion into Ir4(CO)9(μ-CO)(μ-PPh2)(μ-AuPPh3)

Deprotonation of Ir₄(CO)₁₁PPh₂H (1) in the presence of [AuPPh₃][PF₆] yields the novel species Ir₄(CO)₁₁(PPh₂AuPPh₃) (2), which possesses a tetrahedral framework bearing a terminally bound PPh₂AuPPh₃ ligand. When heated in toluene, 2 is converted into the phosphido species Ir₄(CO)₁₀(μ-PPh₂)(μ-AuPPh₃).     

Synthesis of 62-electron square planar clusters with group 15 and 16 main group atoms: Structural characterization of Ru4(CO)11(μ4-PPh)(μ4-S) and Ru4(CO)10(μ4-PPh)(μ4-Se)(PEt3): Bonding preferences in cappingNido Ru4(CO)13(μ3-PPh)

Thecloso octahedral cluster Ru₄(CO)₁₁(μ₄-PPh)(μ₄-S)1 and selenium and tellurium analogues, the first examples of unsaturated ruthenium clusters with a planar metal core and different main group 15 and 16 atoms have been synthesized fromnido Ru₄(CO)₁₃(μ₃-PPh). An X-ray analysis of1 and Ru₄(CO)₁₀(μ₄-PPh)(μ₄-Se)(PEt₃)2a has confirmed thetrans disposition of phosphorus and group 16 main group fragments.     

Syntheses,crystal structures,and electrochemical studies of Fe2(CO)6(μ-PPh2)(μ-L) (L = OH,OPPh2, PPh2)

Reaction of Fe₃(CO)₁₂ and Ph₂PH in the presence of Et₃N in THF at 0?°C immediately forms Fe₂(CO)₆(μ-PPh₂)(μ-OH) (1), Fe₂(CO)₆(μ-PPh₂)(μ-k²O,P-OPPh₂) (2), and Fe₂(CO)₆(μ-PPh₂)₂ (3) in yields of 25, 14, and 19%, respectively. Experiments confirm that Et₃N shortens the reaction time. The absence of O₂ hinders the formation of 2. The presence of H₂O can increase the yield of 1. Their structures have been determined by X-ray crystallography and the complexes have been completely characterized by EA, IR, and ¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P NMR. Electrochemical studies reveal that they exhibit catalytic H₂-producing activities.     

Synthesis and Structure of a Novel Mg6 Cluster Molecule Mg6(μ3-OH)2(μ3-Br)2(μ-Br)8(THF)8

A novel Mg₆ cluster molecule with the formula of Mg₆( ₃-OH)₂( ₃-Br)₂(-Br)₈(THF)₈ (1) has been isolated in 38% yield from a reaction of the Grignard reagent, 2-naphthyl-Mg-Br with BBr₃ in THF. The structure of 1, determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, contains two Mg₃ triangles linked together by two bridging bromide ligands. Within each Mg₃ triangle, one hydroxide and one bromide ligand function as triply bridging ligands capping both sides of the Mg₃ triangle. The coordination geometry around each Mg(II) ion is approximately octahedral. NMR studies revealed that compound 1 is highly fluxional in solution.     

Cluster chemistry. 85. Addition of a gold acetylide to an Ru5 cluster. X-ray structure of AuRu5(μ5-C2PPh2)(μ-C2Ph)(μ-PPh2)(CO)13(PPh3)

The reaction between Ru₅(₅-C₂PPh₂)(-PPh₂)(CO)₁₃ and Au(C₂Ph)(PPh₃) afforded AuRu₅(₅-C₂PPh₂)(-C₂Ph)(-PPh₂)(CO)₁₃ (PPh₃), in which the Ru₅ cluster has a scorpion geometry; the Au(PPh₃) group bridges one of the Ru-Ru bonds of the Ru₃ triangle, while the C₂Ph group bridges one of the tail Ru-Ru vectors.For Part 84, see Ref. 1.     

Reaction of HRu3(CO)10(μ-COMe) with bma: NMR and X-ray structural evidence for the formation of the Ph2PH-substituted cluster HRu3(CO)8(Ph2PH)[μ-PPh2C=CC(O)OC(O)]

Me₃NO activation of the methylidyne-bridged cluster HRu₃(CO)₁₀(μ-COMe) (1) in the presence of the unsaturated diphosphine ligand 2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)maleic anhydride (bma) furnishes the bma-substituted cluster HRu₃(CO)₈(bma)(μ-COMe) (2) and the diphenylphosphine-substituted cluster HRu₃(CO)₈(Ph₂PH)[μ-PPh₂C=CC(O)OC(O)] (3) as the major and minor products, respectively. The ¹H and ³¹P NMR data indicate that the bma ligand in cluster 2 is chelated to one of the ruthenium atoms that is bridged by the hydride and methylidyne ligands. Cluster 3 has been fully characterized in solution by IR and NMR spectroscopies, and the solid-state structure determined by X-ray crystallography. 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic space P2₁, a?=?12.1467(7)?Å, b?=?19.284(1)?Å, c?=?16.867(1)?Å, β?=?109.639(6)°, V?=?3721.0(4)?ų, Z?=?4, and d_calcd?=?1.774?g?cm^?3; R?=?0.0325, R _w?=?0.0383 for 3518 reflections with I?>?3σ(I). The X-ray data confirm that one of the P–C(maleic anhydride) bonds of the bma ligand has been cleaved and that cluster 3 contains Ph₂PH and μ-PPh₂C=CC(O)OC(O) ligands, the latter which functions as a face-capping ligand to all three ruthenium atoms. Control experiments indicate that cluster 2 does not function as a precursor to cluster 3 under the employed reaction conditions.     

Reactions of dipropargyl manolate,terephthalate with Co2(CO)8, Mo2Cp2(CO)4 and RuCo2(CO)11 give the di or tetranuclear clusters. The crystal structure of [CH2(CO2CH2C2H-μ)2][Co2(CO)6]2 and [p-(HC2CH2OCO)C6H4(CO2CH2C2H-μ)][Co2(CO)6]

The reactions of dipropargyl manolate and terephthalate, respectively, with Co₂(CO)₈ in THF at room temperature gave four new compounds [R(CO₂CH₂C₂H-μ)₂][Co₂(CO)₆]₂ (R=CH₂, 1a; R=C₆H₄, 1b) and [(HC₂CH₂OCO)R(CO₂CH₂C₂H-μ)][Co₂(CO)₆] (R=CH₂, 2a; R=C₆H₄-1,4-, 2b), and compounds 2a and b reacted with RuCo₂(CO)₁₁ to form two new linked clusters [R(CO₂CH₂C₂H-μ)₂][Co₂(CO)₆][RuCo₂(CO)₉] (R=CH₂, 3a; R=C₆H₄-1,4-, 3b). The treatment of two dipropargyl esters, respectively, with RuCo₂(CO)₁₁ afforded another two new clusters [R(CO₂CH₂C₂H-μ)₂][RuCo₂(CO)₉]₂ (R=CH₂, 4a; R=C₆H₄-1,4-, 4b). The reactions of dipropargyl manolate, terephalate with Mo₂Cp₂(CO)₄ gave rise to the formation of dinuclear complexes [(HC₂CH₂OCO)R(CO₂CH₂C₂H-μ)][Mo₂Cp₂(CO)₄] (R=CH₂, 5a; R=C₆H₄-1,4-, 5b), compound 5a reacted with Co₂(CO)₈ to produce the cluster [CH₂(CO₂CH₂C₂H-μ)₂][Co₂(CO)₆][Mo₂Cp₂(CO)₄] 6a. All the new clusters have been characterized by C/H elemental analysis, IR and ¹H NMR spectroscopies. The structure of [CH₂(CO₂CH₂C₂H-μ)₂][Co₂(CO)₆]₂ 1a and [p-(HC₂CH₂OCO)C₆H₄(CO₂CH₂C₂H-μ)][Co₂(CO)₆] 2b have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods.     

Tetrarhena-heterocycle from the palladium-catalyzed dimerization of Re2(CO)8(μ-SbPh2)(μ-H) exhibits an unusual host-guest behavior

The six-membered heavy atom heterocycles [Re(2)(CO)(8)(μ-SbPh(2))(μ-H)](2), 5, and Pd[Re(2)(CO)(8)(μ-SbPh(2))(μ-H)](2), 7, have been prepared by the palladium-catalyzed ring-opening cyclo-dimerization of the three-membered heterocycle Re(2)(CO)(8)(μ-SbPh(2))(μ-H), 3. The palladium atom that lies in the center of the heterocycle 7 was removed to yield 5. The palladium removal was found to be partially reversible leading to an unusual example of host-guest behavior. A related dipalladium complex Pd(2)Re(4)(CO)(16)(μ(4)-SbPh)(μ(3)-SbPh(2))(μ-Ph)(μ-H)(2), 6, was also formed in these reactions of palladium with 3.     

Chemistry of iridium carbonyl cluster complexes. Synthesis,characterization and solid state structure of the phosphido carbonyl cluster [Ir6(CO)12(μ-CO)2(μ-PPh2)−

The phosphido-bridged cluster [Ir₆(CO)₁₄ PPh2]^– has been obtained by reaction of [Ir₆(CO)₁₅]^2– with PHPh₂, in the presence of ferrocenium cation, followed by deprotonation. The anion was isolated as a salt of [N(PPh₃)₂]⁺ or K⁺ and its structure was determined by single crystal X-ray data analysis. The salt [N(PPh₃)₂][Ir₆(CO)₁₄PPh₂] crystallizes in the triclinic space group P witha = 11.835(1) Å,b = 15.007(1) Å,c = 18.766(2)_ Å; = 78.779(7)°, = 87.260(8)°, = 75.794(6)°,V = 3169.3(7) Å,Z = 2. The structure was solved by Direct Methods and Difference Fourier techniques and refined down toR andR _w values of 0.034 and 0.036, respectively, for 8003 observed reflections havingl > 3(I). The octahedral anion, of idealized C₂ symmetry, possesses two distance Ir-P = 2.284 Å, formally acting as a three electron donor. Average bond distances (Å) and angles (degrees) are: Ir-Ir = 2.776, Ir-C _t = 1.87, Ir-C _b = 2.05, C _t -O _t = 1.14, C _b -O_b= 1.17, Ir-P-Ir = 74.3°, Ir-C _t -O _t = 177°, Ir-C _b -O _b = 138°, Ir-C _b -Ir = 84° (t = terminal,b = bridging).     

Photochemically promoted regiospecific P–C bond cleavage in the diruthenium compound Ru2(CO)2(bmf): X-ray diffraction structure of Ru2(CO)6[μ-C=C(PPh2)C(O)OCH(OMe)](μ-PPh2)

The ruthenium cluster Ru₃(CO)₁₂ reacts with the diphosphine ligand 3,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)-5-methoxy-2(5H)-furanone (bmf) in refluxing toluene to furnish the donor–acceptor compound Ru₂(CO)₂(bmf) as a 1?:?1 mixture of diastereomers. Photolysis of Ru₂(CO)₂(bmf) using 366?nm light leads to the oxidative cleavage of a P–C bond and formation of the phosphido-bridged complex Ru₂(CO)₆[μ-C=C(PPh₂)C(O)OCH(OMe)](μ-PPh₂). The regioselective Ph₂P–C(furanone ring) bond activation attendant upon optical excitation is traced to the phosphine group that was β to the furanone carbonyl group, as established by X-ray analysis of one of the diastereomers of Ru₂(CO)₆[μ-C=C(PPh₂)C(O)OCH(OMe)](μ-PPh₂). Both diruthenium products have been fully characterized in solution by IR and NMR (¹H and ³¹P) spectroscopies and elemental analyses. The observed regioselectivity associated with the P–C bond activation in Ru₂(CO)₂(bmf) is discussed with respect to the chemistry of other bmf-substituted compounds prepared by our groups.     

Synthesis and structure of three isomeric cluster complexes (μ-H)Os3μ-O2CC5H4Mn(CO)3(PPh3)2(CO)8

The reaction of (μ-H)Os₃μ-O₂CC₅H₄Mn(CO)₃(CO)₁₀ with PPh₃ in the presence of Me₃NO gave mono- and disubstituted heterometallic complexes (μ-H)Os₃μ-O₂CC₅H₄Mn(CO)₃(PPh₃)(CO)₉ and (μ-H)Os₃μ-O₂CC₅H₄Mn(CO)₃ (PPh₃)₂(CO)₈. Crystal structure determination was performed for three isomeric cluster complexes (μ-H)Os₃μ-O₂CC₅H₄Mn(CO)₃(PPh₃)₂(CO)₈, which are both geometrical and conformational isomers differing in color. The geometrical isomerism is due to the attachment of the PPh₃ group at different vertices of the Os₃ triangle relative to the O₂CC₅H₄Mn(CO)₃ bridging ligand. The conform ational isomerism implies that the molecules have the same arrangement of ligands and differ only in the values of bond angles between the planar fragments of the clusters.     

Clusters containing ynamine ligands. 4. The synthesis and characterizations of ReMn(CO)8 [μ-MeC2NMe2] and ReMn(CO)7 [μ-MeCC(NMe2)C(NMe2)CMe] and the development of a bonding model for the coordination of ynamines to M2(CO)8 clusters

The compound ReMn(CO)₈ (-MeC₂NMe₂),2 was obtained in 11% yield by the decarbonylation of ReMn(CO)₁₀ with Me₃NO followed by reaction MeC₂NMe₂. Compound2 will add one equivalent of MeC₂NMe₂ at 25°C to yield the mixed metal complex ReMn(CO)₇ [-C(Me) C(NMe₂) C(NMe₂) C(Me)],3 in 7% yield. Compounds2 and3 were characterized by IR,¹H NMR, and single crystal x-ray diffraction analyses. Compound2 exists as two isomers. Each isomer contains an asymmetric bridging ynamine ligand. The principal isomer has the amine-substituted carbon atom coordinated to the manganese atom. The minor isomer has the amine-substituted carbon atom coordinated to the rhenium atom. In compound3 the two ynamines have been coupled in a head-to-head fashion to produce a ferrole-like structure in which the coupled ligands are -bonded to the manganese atom. Extended Hückel molecular orbital calculations were performed on the parent complex Re₂(CO)₈ (-MeC₂NMe₂),1 to try to understand the reasons for the preferred asymmetric coordination of the ynamine ligand in1 and2. It was found that the asymmetric coordination permits a strong stabilizing interaction between the one of the * orbitals of the ligand and the metallic orbital that is principally responsible for the formation of the metal-metal bond. Crystal Data: for2: space group=P2₁/c,a=9.740(1)Å,b=11.293(2)Å,c=15.483(3)Å, =97.46(1)°,Z=4, 1876 reflections,R=0.026; for3: space group=Pca2₁,a=17.541(2)Å,b=8.441(1)Å,c=14.033(3)Å,Z=4, 1335 reflections,R=0.022.     

New electron-deficient alkene and alkyne derivatives of Ru5(μ5-C)(CO)15: The syntheses and crystal structure analyses of Ru5(μ5-C)(CO)13 [C2H2(CO2Me)2] and Ru5(μ5-C)(CO)15 [C2(CO2Me)2]

Treatment of carbido cluster Ru₅(μ ₅-C)(CO)₁₅ with Me₃NO in acetonitrile solution followed by addition of dimethyl maleate or dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate affords new clusters Ru₅(μ ₅-C)(CO)₁₃[C₂H₂(CO₂Me)₂] (1) and Ru₅(μ ₅-C)(CO)₁₅[C₂(CO₂Me)₂] (2), respectively. Single crystal X-ray structural studies reveal that both complexes contain a wingtip-bridged butterfly pentametallic skeleton. In complex1 the maleate fragment is coordinated to one wingtip Ru atom through its carbon-carbon double bond and to the adjacent Ru atom by the formation of two O → Ru dative bonding interactions, while the acetylene dicarboxylate fragment in2 is best considered as acis-dimetallated alkene, linking one hinge Ru atom and the nearby Ru atom at the bridged position. Crystal data for1: space group P 4₂/n;a=20.199(6),c=13.941(3) Å,Z=8; finalR _F=0.025,R _w=0.026 for 3963 reflections withI>2σ(I). Crystal data for2: space group P2₁/n;a=9.634(3),b=20.062(6),c=17.372(5) Å,β=90.62(2)°,Z=4; finalR _F=0 033,R _w=0.036 for 4683 reflections withI>3σ(I).     

Synthesis and characterisation of novel selenium-containing clusters; crystal structures of [Ru4(μ4-Se)2(CO)8(μ-CO)3] and [Ru3(μ3-Se)2(CO)7(Ph2P(CH2)3PPh2)]

The compound [Ru₄(μ-Se)₂(CO)₈(μ3-CO)₃] (1), has been obtained in good yield by vacuum pyrolysis of [RU₃(CO)₁₂] with [Ph₂Se₂] at 185°C. Reaction of 1 with 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane at room temperature affords the novel cluster [RU₃(μ₃-Se)₂(CO)₇(Ph₂P(CH₂)₃PPh₂)] (2). The structures of 1 and 2 have been determined by an X-ray diffraction study.