负载钨催化剂的载体效应及其表面酸性

运用BET、XRD、FT-Raman以及微量吸附量热等手段对由浸渍三种晶型氧化锆及其前体氢氧化锆制备的负载钨催化剂的结构及其表面酸性进行了研究。结果表明起始原料和制备条件对氧化锆的结构有显著影响。浸渍在氢氧化锆上的钨物种会使氢氧化锆转变为四方晶型氧化锆。但浸渍于氧化锆上的钨物种使氧化锆发生晶型转变相对较难。负载钨催化剂表面强酸位的形成与载体晶型、表面钨物种WO_x以及WO_x与载体氧化锆之间的相互作用有关。催化剂上的强酸位可因残留的Na⁺离子所毒化或阻抑。少量Y³⁺离子对表面酸性则无明显影响。     

负载铂－钯催化剂上甲烷对一氧化氮的选择性还原

负载铂－钯催化剂上甲烷对一氧化氮的选择性还原朱波，罗孟飞，周仁贤，袁贤鑫（杭州大学催化研究所杭州３１００２８）关键词一氧化氮，选择性还原，甲烷，负载铂／钯催化剂ＮＯ＿ｘ（尤其是ＮＯ）是极难脱除的大气主要污染物之一，研究脱除方法是目前国际上环保化学的一...     

载体对负载钯催化剂表面氧性质的影响

载体对负载钯催化剂表面氧性质的影响陈敏＊罗孟飞袁贤鑫（杭州大学催化研究所杭州３１００２８）关键词负载钯催化剂，氧物种１９９６－１１－１８收稿，１９９７－０５－２８修回工业生产排放的有机废气和汽车尾气是大气污染的主要因素．用催化燃烧处理有机废气是环境保...     

丝光沸石负载铂,钯催化剂的NO催化还原性能

丝光沸石负载铂、钯催化剂的ＮＯ催化还原性能１）罗孟飞朱波袁贤鑫（杭州大学催化研究所杭州３１００２８）关键词ＮＯ催化还原丝光沸石铂钯如何消除ＮＯｘ对环境造成的污染是当前人们所关心的课题之一，其中催化还原是消除ＮＯｘ的常用方法［１］．近几年，人们对金属离...     

丙烯水合反应中改性β沸石催化剂的酸性与催化活性

经酸交换，水蒸气处理及加入粘合剂后的催化剂表面酸性均比Ｈβ原粉要低，主要是Ｂ酸变化较为明显。β沸石在酸洗过程中，酸量降低较大，Ｂ酸下降幅度较大，这可能是与其脱铝程度明显有关。经水蒸汽处理后，除在４００℃水蒸汽处理下酸量变化不大外，其余均有所下降。     

载体对Rh基催化剂上甲烷解离活性的影响

采用脉冲反应技术、原位CO吸附和吡啶吸附红外光谱,考察了Al2O3和SiO2负载的Rh基催化剂上Rh-CeO2相互作用和CH4解离活性.结果表明,载体酸性对Rh-CeO2相互作用有显著影响.Rh/Al2O3催化剂中添加CeO2增加了载体Al2O3的Lewis酸位,使Al2O3接受电子的能力增强,从而降低Rh的电子密度,有利于CH4解离活化.相反,Rh/SiO2催化剂中添加CeO2减少了载体SiO2的Lewis酸位和酸强度,使SiO2难于接受电子,导致Rh的电子密度增加,不利于CH4解离活化.     

甲烷在钼／含磷五元环沸石催化剂上的无氧芳构化

报道甲烷在无氧条件下，在一种不同于Ｍｏ／ＨＺＳＭ－５催化剂的钼／含磷五元环沸石催化剂上催化转化制高级烃类（苯等）的新反应，实验表明，在钼／含磷五元环沸石催化刘，当Ｍｏ浸渍的重分数为２０％时，甲烷具有最佳反应活性，其转化率为９．２３％，工选择怀为９２．７４５，用ＢＥＴ、ＸＲＤ、ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ和ＴＰＲｃＭｏ     

甲烷与二氧化碳转化制合成气的研究 Ⅰ.负载型钴金属催化剂的催化性能

采用固定床流动反应装置研究了高温焙烧的负载型钴金属催化剂对甲烷二氧化碳转化制合成气的催化性能，考察了催化剂活性组分，预处理温度及反应条件等对合气生成量的影响，并用色谱法测定了催化剂上的积炭量。     

不同载体负载的 Rh 基催化剂催化甲烷溴氧化反应

 在常压固定床反应器上考察了不同载体担载的 Rh 催化剂上的甲烷溴氧化反应, 发现在惰性载体 SiC 和 SiO2 担载的 Rh 催化剂上溴代甲烷选择性较高, 而以金属氧化物 ZrO2 和 TiO2 为载体的 Rh 催化剂上易发生深度氧化. 程序升温还原实验表明, 惰性载体担载的 Rh 催化剂更难还原. 热力学数据分析表明, 在所考察的温度区间内, 提高反应温度有利于一溴甲烷水汽重整反应的进行. 惰性载体担载的 Rh 催化剂活性高可归因于 Rh 适中的氧化还原能力, 抑制了溴甲烷水汽重整反应的进行. 由于 Rh/SiC 显示出较高的甲烷转化率和溴代甲烷选择性, 因此对该催化剂的 Rh 载量和反应条件进行了优化. 结果表明, 在 620 oC, 气、液空速分别为 900 和 3.0 ml/(g•h) 条件下, 甲烷单程转化率和溴代甲烷总选择性分别保持在 20% 和 90% 以上, 并且连续反应 100 h 未发生催化剂失活.     

Hydrogen production by conversion of methane over nickel-supported USY-type zeolite catalysts

Hydrogen production by conversion of methane over Ni-supported zeolite catalysts was investigated, and Ni-supported USY-type zeolite (Si/Al₂ = 14.0, 360) was found to have longer catalytic lifetime than Ni-supported silica (Cab-O-Sil) catalyst, which had been reported to have the longest catalytic lifetime for this reaction.     

沸石分子筛催化剂的“限域”效应

沸石分子筛催化剂因其独特的酸性、规则的孔道结构和良好的水热及化学稳定性被广泛应用于石油化工、煤化工和精细化工等重要领域.沸石分子筛活性位点的数目和分布,以及孔结构效应是沸石分子筛催化科学研究中最根本的问题,直接影响催化反应历程和反应结果.几十年来,沸石分子筛催化研究多集中在对活性位点的基本认识和合成设计,而忽视了活性位...     

Effect of support and loading on oxidation of methane over platinum catalysts

Catalytic combustion of methane was carried out using platinum catalysts supported on low-and high-surface area alumina (denoted respectively as LSA and HSA) and platinum supported on silica. Methane conversion was the highest for platinum supported on LSA alumina, smaller for Pt/HSA alumina and the smallest for Pt/silica. However, the 3 wt.% Pt/HSA catalyst was found to show the highest selectivity.     

单原子催化甲烷直接转化的研究进展

将甲烷直接转化(DMC)为高附加值化学品(如甲醇等化合物),是实现天然气高效利用的有效途径.因甲烷结构非常稳定,使其在温和条件下(反应温度≤150℃的非强酸介质体系)的高效活化极具挑战性.近年来,单原子催化剂(SACs)因其活性物种的高利用率和高选择性,已引起国内外研究者的广泛关注,并被尝试应用于多种反应.研究表明,S...     

High-temperature methane oxidation over metallic monolith-supported zeolite catalysts containing Mn,Co, and Pd ions

The high-temperature complete oxidation of methane over metallic monolith-supported zeolite catalysts containing isolated Mn, Co, and Pd ions was studied. The reaction involves heterogeneous and heterogeneous-homogeneous catalytic processes. The ratio between these processes depends on the temperature, feed rate, and the amount of catalyst charged in the reactor. In the heterogeneous catalytic process, the activity of the catalysts supported on the Fe—Cr—Al monolithic alloy decreases in the series Pd > Mn > Co > Fe—Cr—Al monolith and the reaction rate uniformly increases with increasing contact time. In the heterogeneous-homogeneous process, the reaction rate drastically increases and a 100% conversion of methane to CO₂ can be achieved by minor variations of the contact time. In this case, methane oxidation depends not only on the catalyst chemical composition but also on its external surface area and the reaction volume.     

Low-temperature activation of methane over rare earth metals promoted Zn/HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts in the presence of ethylene

At low temperature of 723 K, methane can be easily activated in the presence of ethylene in the feed, and converted to higher hydrocarbons (C2–C4) and aromatics (C6–C10), through its reaction over rare metals modified Zn/HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts without undesirable carbon oxides formation. Methane can get 37.3% conversion over the above catalysts under low temperature, and the catalysts show a longer lifetime than usual metal supported HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts without adding any rare earth metals. The effects of methane activation over various rare earth metal promoted Zn/HZSM-5 catalysts on the products and influences of several reaction conditions such as temperature, catalyst lifetime and molar ratio of CH4/C2H4 have been discussed.     

Combustion of methane over supported palladium-copper bimetallic catalysts

Monometallic and bimetallic catalysts based on palladium and copper deposited on a spinel carrier have been investigated in the catalytic combustion of methane. Great differences were found in catalytic activity, according to the sequence Pd/MgAl₂O₄>CuO–Pd/MgAl₂O₄>Pd–CuO/MgAl₂O₄>CuO/MgAl₂O₄. They were explained by changes in surface composition of the catalysts. In the case of bimetallic catalysts the metallic surface is preferentially enriched in copper, which acts as a diluting agent for the Pd atom ensembles. As a consequence, the adsorption of reactants is limited and the catalysts so obtained behave like copper slightly doped with palladium.     

Hydrogenolysis of glycerol over HY zeolite supported Ru catalysts

An enhanced active and selective catalyst consisting of ruthenium supported on dealuminated HY zeolite has been prepared by a wet impregnation method. It was found that BET surface area of Ru/HY catalysts significantly increases after HCl treatment. This treatment also increases the concentration of strong acid sites in the catalyst. The hydrogenolysis of glycerol over 5 wt% Ru/HY catalyst was investigated at 190-220 ℃, an initial H2pressure of 3-6 MPa, and in 20 wt% glycerol aqueous solution. The results indicate that HCl treated Ru/HY catalyst shows higher activity compared with the untreated Ru/HY catalyst, and that the glycerol hydrogenolysis efficiency is influenced by the porosity and acidity of the support. A selectivity to 1,2-PDO of 81.3% at a glycerol conversion of 60.1% under 3 MPa H2pressure and 220 ℃ for 10 h was achieved over the modified Ru/HY catalyst with a 1.0 mol/L HCl treatment. It has also been shown that a longer reaction time, a higher temperature and a higher H2pressure have the positive effects on the glycerol hydrogenolysis efficiency of the enhanced Ru/HY.     

Effects of carrier and Mn loading on supported manganese oxide catalysts for catalytic combustion of methane

Supported manganese oxide catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method for methane catalytic combustion, and effects of the support （Al2O3, SiO2 and TiO2） and Mn loading were investigated. These catalysts were characterized with N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature-programmed reduction techniques. Methane conversion varied in a large range depending on supports or Mn loading. Al2O3 supported 15% Mn catalyst exhibited better activity toward methane catalytic oxidation. The manganese state and oxygen species played an important role in the catalytic performance,     

Effect of combining the metals of group VI supported on H-ZSM-5 zeolite as catalysts for non-oxidative conversion of natural gas to petrochemicals

The most prestigious catalyst applied in natural gas (methane) non-oxidative conversion to petrochemicals is 6%Mo/H-ZSM-5.Chromium,molybdenum and tungsten are the group VI metals.Hence,in this work,6%Mo/H-ZSM-5 was correlated with 3%Cr+3%Mo/H-ZSM-5 and 3%W+3%Mo/H-ZSM-5 as catalysts to examine their promoting or inhibiting effects on the various reactions taking place during methane conversion.The catalytic activities of these catalysts were tested in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor at 700℃ and a GHSV of 1500 ml·g-1 ·h-1. Characterization of the catalysts using XRD,TGA and TPD were investigated.XRD and NH3-TPD showed greater interaction between the W-phase and the Bronsted acid sites in the channels of the zeolite than between Cr-phase and the acid sites in the zeolite.