用白光信息处理作褪色透明片的彩色复原

本文提供了用白光信息处理技术作褪色透明彩色照片彩色复原的原理和实验,其中之一是由空间编码和彩色滤波两步骤完成的,即将待处理的透明彩色片用空间编码技术编制在一张黑白感光底片上,在白光光学处理系统的傅里叶平面中对这编码的黑白片的频谱进行彩色滤波,最后在系统的输出平面给出彩色增强或复原的图象,另一种是用白光处理技术作褪色透明彩色片的彩色复原实时处理,它可供及时的直接观察并且有操作简便,成本经济和能灵活多用的特点,这两种技术为彩色图象的彩色增强和复原提供了新方法。 关键词：     

彩色图象的光学信息处理

本文研究了在相干多色处理中用黑白透射介质进行彩色图象空间编码的方法。这个方法可应用于彩色象的信号检测、去模糊、及相加与相减。并且指出,类似于相干单色处理,这种多色处理方法有能力处理彩色图象。这个方法虽然有某些不足之处,例如需要对被处理对象事先进行编码。但是,这个方法展示了在彩色图象处理中的一个新的方向。而且,它并不只局限于处理彩色图象,也可应用于处理某些具有灰度变化的图象。 关键词：     

表面热透镜技术测试光学薄膜特性研究

在薄膜特性的研究工作中，激光引起的表面形变是一种广泛应用的技术。在这种技术中，薄膜的形变(热包高度小于0．1nm)一般是采用光热偏转技术来探测的。介绍了一种通过光学衍射效应来研究薄膜表面形变的新技术即表面热透镜技术，它是研究薄膜特性的一种灵敏且易于控制的方法。探讨了其理论模型及在薄膜的吸收测量和缺陷特性测试方面，该方法相对于传统方法的优点和潜力。     

Color signal correlation detection by matched spatial filtering

A polychromatic correlation detection technique by complex spatial filtering is presented. This technique utilizes a diffraction grating and three co-lineared (red, green, and blue) coherent sources. The technique of complex spatial filter synthesis for the polychromatic corelation detection is demonstrated. This technique offers true color correlation detection which is very suitable for color signal recognition and identification. The correlation diffraction efficiency with this technique is generally higher than that of the wavelength-multiplexed technique. Several interesting experimental demonstrations of this color signal correlation detection scheme are provided. Finally we note that this color signal detection technique is a simple and versatile processing technique which has broad range of applications of complex color signal detection, recognition and identification.     

Optical Time-to-Three-Dimensional (3-D) Space Interconversion System

We propose a new technique for an interconversion between a three dimensional (3-D) spatial signal and a temporal signal. It is realized by combination of a holographic technique, a 2-D spatial filtering technique and a time-space conversion technique. Using this method, we can physically utilize the multiplicity between a temporal domain parameter and all of the spatial domain parameters of light. To demonstrate the proposed technique, we achieved experimentally conversion from different three point light sources as 3-D spatial signals into a temporal signal and vice versa.     

Hybrid two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform for analysis of phase-shifted interferograms

In interferogram or fringe pattern analysis, a technique capable of automatically analyzing interferograms that contain complex fringes and high-level noise as well as defects is highly demanded. In this paper, a hybrid technique combining the concepts of the two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform technique and the phase-shifting technique is proposed. The novel technique takes the advantages of the two existing techniques, and has the ability to accurately and automatically analyze multiple phase-shifted complex interferograms involving noise and defects. The validity of the technique is demonstrated by both computer simulation and real experiment.     

Efficient greyscale image compression technique based on vector quantization

In this paper, a novel greyscale image coding technique based on vector quantization (VQ) is proposed. In VQ, the reconstructed image quality is restricted by the codebook used in the image encoding/decoding procedures. To provide a better image quality using a fixed-sized codebook, the codebook expansion technique is introduced in the proposed technique. In addition, the block prediction technique and the relatively address technique are employed to cut down the required storage cost of the compressed codes. From the results, it is shown that the proposed technique adaptively provides better image quality at low bit rates than VQ.     

A Study on Usefulness Comparison of Multiple-Shot FSE PROPELLER and IDEAL-FSE Techniques for Magnetic Susceptibility Artifact

The aim of this study was to visualize multiple-shot fast spin echo (FSE) images using a periodically rotated overlapping parallel line with enhanced reconstruction (PROPELLER) technique. An iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and a least squares estimation (IDEAL) technique were also performed to reduce the image distortion or susceptibility artifact depending on the difference in magnetic susceptibility to the surrounding tissues caused by metal insertion. The utility of this technique was examined quantitatively. A ferromagnetic image was generated from all the metals, but the IDEAL technique caused less image distortion than the PROPELLER technique. The 3-point IDEAL technique, which used the difference in the signal phase of fat and water, required more time for the examination and image reconstruction than the PROPELLER technique, which was based on a rotating blade in k-space. On the other hand, the IDEAL technique was more useful for reducing the susceptibility artifacts. The use of a proper technique in clinical trials based on these results is expected to provide better clinical information for imaging diagnoses.     

Two-dimensional field mapping of monolithic microwave integrated circuits using electrooptic sampling techniques

Since the invention of the electrooptic sampling technique about ten years ago, this contactless test technique based on ultra-short optical pulses has become more and more attractive to microwave engineers developing monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs). The electrooptic sampling technique was originally used for circuit internal measurements of very high-speed waveforms only at discrete test points. During the last five years, a new test technique, the two-dimensional electrooptic field mapping technique, has been developed and widely used. This test technique which measures the magnitude and phase of the microwave signal gives information not only of one discrete test point but also of a greater area within the circuit and therefore insight into the microwave field distribution. This two-dimensional electrooptic field mapping technique could be a powerful tool for studying fundamental properties of wave propagation in monolithic integrated microwave devices and circuits. The aim of this paper is to present the state-of-art of this new test technique and to show an example of its application.     

光谱成像信息的数据融合技术在储层表征中的应用

光谱成像技术在矿物学和岩石学方面已得到广泛应用,然而,面对数量巨大、覆盖范围广阔的目标成像光谱数据,如何从中获取所需要的信息,并对其进行信息增强是需要亟待解决的问题。将显微红外光谱成像分析系统得到的实验结果,利用显微光谱成像信息的数据融合技术进行了数据处理,得到岩心样品中不同化学组分、基团的空间分布图。结果表明,利用该技术更好地揭示了不同烃类在岩石中的分布情况、孔隙的连通性等信息,显微光谱成像信息的数据融合技术为储层表征提供了一种新方法。     

A new optical method for the detection of in-plane motion of ultrasound propagating in metals

This paper describes a laser optical technique for the detection of in-plane (IP) motion of ultrasonic waves propagating in solids. This interference-based laser optical technique includes a tiny square indentation with a width of about 30 microm on the sample surface and a relatively simple optical arrangement. The current technique is applied for the detection of in-plane motions of Lamb waves propagating in a thin brass plate. Measurement of S(0) mode dominated by in-plane motion in the low fd (frequency times thickness) regime is successfully demonstrated with the current technique. The newly proposed non-contact technique provides an alternative other than the heterodyne and Fabry-Perot techniques for the detection of IP motions with a relatively simple optical arrangement. This technique is not readily applicable to general NDE applications, where a position scan or an arbitrary selection of inspection location is needed. However, this technique can be useful in the areas such as fixed-position ultrasound monitoring or laboratory research activities involving optical detection of IP motion.     

Two-dimensional quantitative imaging of multicomponent samples using polychromatic X-rays

We present the theoretical formalism and an experimental demonstration of a technique for two-dimensional quantitative imaging of two-component samples using polychromatic X-rays. The technique takes into account the full spectral information of the incident polychromatic beam to quantify the total X-ray attenuation, due to each component presented in the sample, as functions of both energy and thickness. As a result, this technique is able to effectively ameliorate the effects of beam hardening. Here, we demonstrate the application of this technique to a two-component sample. The technique makes it possible for laboratory-based polychromatic X-ray sources to be used for critical quantitative purposes.     

法庭科学领域中微量物证的显微红外技术鉴定

在法庭科学领域中,由于案件现场提取到的物证通常是极微量的,另外样品形态各异、成分复杂,常规红外光谱分析技术常常无法达到检测要求。显微红外技术是基于傅里叶变换红外光谱技术与显微镜技术的结合发展起来的。与常规红外光谱技术相比,显微红外技术具有检测灵敏度高、微区分析和无损检测等优点,测试时几乎不引入外部干扰,卓有成效地解决了法庭科学领域中微量物证鉴定的难题,可以满足微量物证必须保留以用于法庭作证的特殊需要。通过本实验中心测试的真实案例分析,详细阐述了显微红外技术在法庭科学领域中微量物证鉴定方面的优势。采用显微红外技术,本文分别对油漆物证、塑料物证、橡胶物证、纤维物证、药物和毒物物证进行了红外光谱振动特征的比对分析,为各类刑事案件和交通肇事案件的定性提供有力的谱学依据。实验结果表明,显微红外技术具有常规红外测试技术无法比拟的优势,是法庭科学领域中微量物证鉴定的有效手段。     

光谱分析技术在作物生长信息检测中的应用研究进展

获取作物的相关生长信息可以预测作物的生长和健康状态,是实现作物生产管理智能化的基础。植物的生长信息获取技术主要包括利用其电学特性、光学特性和机器视觉技术等,随着光谱技术的发展,近红外光谱技术、多光谱技术和高光谱技术在作物生长信息的获取应用上开始大量应用,并显示了其分析速度快、效率高、成本低、无需制备样品等优点,已成为一种快速、无损的现代分析技术。文章介绍了国内外运用光谱分析技术在作物生长信息获取上的研究情况,并分析了该技术应用于作物生长信息获取时尚存在的问题和今后的研究方向,提出了进行作物生长实时、智能化管理的必要性,需要加快研制相关的光谱自动分析设备,提高作物生长信息获取的速度,最后指出了结合机器视觉技术、红外成像技术、光谱分析技术等多种技术进行作物生长多种信息获取是未来发展的趋势。     

Low noise spinning wheel technique for THz material parameter extraction

Double-modulated terahertz differential time-domain spectroscopy (double-modulated THz-DTDS), is a technique that is based on dithering the sample under test. In this paper, we report a measurement technique based on mounting the sample on a spinning wheel, in order to overcome fundamental limitations imposed by linear dithering. We demonstrate a proof-of-principle showing that noise decreases as a function of the spinning wheel modulation frequency. This technique does not suffer the mechanical noise limitation of traditional linear dithering and thus opens up future scope for further noise reduction via hardware advances in the modulation frequency of the wheel. The spinning wheel technique enables a rapid succession of measurements between the reference and sample signals with a single mechanical delay scan. As a result, an improvement in measurement time by at least a factor of two, as compared to the conventional THz-TDS measurement technique is observed. The spinning wheel technique is experimentally verified by measuring the dielectric properties of a thick polymer material.     

Complete elimination of the beam hardening effect in quantitative absorption tomography using polychromatic x-rays with single-component specimens

Absorption tomography has been a unique technique for 3D imaging in many scientific research and applications. However, the use of polychromatic x-ray sources for quantitative tomography has been limited due to the well-known beam hardening effect. In this article, we will describe the theoretical details of a new technique for quantitative tomography using polychromatic x-rays. The technique incorporates the full spectral information of the incident beam into the tomographic reconstruction process. Consequently, beam-hardening effects are eliminated and the result is quantitative. We will also demonstrate the technique experimentally using a single-component specimen. This technique promises great opportunities for laboratory-based x-ray sources to be used in quantitative applications.     

Attack on double-random-phase-encoding-based image hiding method

The double-random phase-encoding (DRPE) technique is a typical optical image encryption technique, which can also be used for image hiding. Usually, the secret image is encrypted with the DRPE technique and the encoded image is hidden into the host image via superimposition to obtain the stego-image. The attack technique on the DRPE-based image hiding method was proposed in this paper. Firstly, a randomly selected superimposition coefficient was used to approximate the original superimposition coefficient to extract the hidden encoded images from the stego-images approximately. Then, the chosen-plaintext attack technique on the DRPE-based optical image encryption technique was applied to recover the random phase masks used in the DRPE technique. The theoretical analysis indicated that, without considering the computational error, the recovered secret image via the proposed attack technique is identical to the original one. Even considering the computational error, it is identical to the secret image recovered with the original DRPE-based image hiding method, which demonstrates that the attack on the DRPE-based image hiding method is successfully achieved. The numerical simulation results demonstrated the correctness of the theoretical analysis.     

数字三色条纹相移形貌投影栅线法

基于投影栅线的三色条纹相移算法与投影栅线法相结合,提出一种数字三色条纹相移形貌投影栅线法.此法是对时间相移法的改进,只需一幅三色条纹图,就可利用简单的三光强相移算法完成物体表面的形貌重建;不需要相移装置而误差较小,成本较低,简易实用,将有利于推广到动态实时分析.实验证明,此法是正确可行的.     

Unified multiphase modeling for evolving,acoustically coupled systems consisting of acoustic,elastic, poroelastic media and septa

This paper presents a new modeling technique that can represent acoustically coupled systems in a unified manner. The proposed unified multiphase (UMP) modeling technique uses Biot’s equations that are originally derived for poroelastic media to represent not only poroelastic media but also non-poroelastic ones ranging from acoustic and elastic media to septa. To recover the original vibro-acoustic behaviors of non-poroelastic media, material parameters of a base poroelastic medium are adjusted depending on the target media. The real virtue of this UMP technique is that interface coupling conditions between any media can be automatically satisfied, so no medium-dependent interface condition needs to be imposed explicitly. Thereby, the proposed technique can effectively model any acoustically coupled system having locally varying medium phases and evolving interfaces. A typical situation can occur in an iterative design process. Because the proposed UMP modeling technique needs theoretical justifications for further development, this work is mainly focused on how the technique recovers the governing equations of non-poroelastic media and expresses their interface conditions. We also address how to describe various boundary conditions of the media in the technique. Some numerical studies are carried out to demonstrate the validity of the proposed modeling technique.     

On-Line Measurement of Mass Flow of Pneumatically Conveyed Solids

CSIRO has developed an ultrasonic attenuation and transit time technique and a microwave transmission technique for on-line determination of the mass flow of pneumatically conveyed solids. In a comparative plant trial on a single burner line at Bayswater power station, the ultrasonic technique determined the coal density and velocity with rms errors of 3.9 and 5.9% relative respectively; the microwave technique successfully determined the coal density with an rms error of 6.2% relative, but was unable to accurately determine solids flow velocity at the low coal densities typical of the trial. In a plant trial at a direct smelter, the microwave technique successfully determined the mass flow of pneumatically conveyed iron ore fines feeding the smelter with an rms error of 10.2% relative.