Formation of quantum-degenerate sodium molecules

Ultracold sodium molecules were produced from an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate by ramping an applied magnetic field across a Feshbach resonance. More than 10(5) molecules were generated with a conversion efficiency of approximately 4%. Using laser light resonant with an atomic transition, the remaining atoms could be selectively removed, preventing fast collisional relaxation of the molecules. Time-of-flight analysis of the pure molecular sample yielded an instantaneous phase-space density greater than 20.     

Features of dynamics of stimulated atomic-molecular Raman conversion in a Bose-Einstein condensate

A set of nonlinear evolution equations describing the dynamics of atoms, molecules, and photons in the course of stimulated atomic—molecular conversion in a Bose—Einstein condensate is derived and studied in the mean-field approximation. It is shown that conversion can be periodic or aperiodic in time, the rate of the process being determined to a considerable extent by the initial density of particles and by the initial phase difference. Depending on the initial conditions, various conversion modes can be realized. The possibility of stabilization of a special state (of rest) of the system for nonzero initial number densities of particles is predicted. It is pointed out that coherence of a Bose condensate of atoms, molecules, and photons predetermines the possibility of phase control of the conversion process.     

Observation of negative alkali ions from alkali halides during 248-nm laser irradiation

Below laser fluences where a plasma is formed (the so-called plasma or plume formation threshold) a number of fundamental phenomena can occur where particles such as atomic and molecular ions, atoms and molecular neutrals, and electrons can be emitted. An understanding of such processes is necessary to develop predictive models for material removal from laser irradiated surfaces—at the foundation of laser etching, machining, and pulsed laser deposition. We have reported on a number of the mechanisms for such emission processes. Here, due to space limitations, we present a summary of our studies on the formation of negative alkali ions from single crystal KCl during exposure to pulsed 248-nm radiation at fluences well below the threshold for plasma formation. Despite the high electron affinities of the corresponding halogen atoms, negative halogen ions were not detected. Significantly, the positive and negative alkali ion distributions overlap strongly in time and space, consistent with K formation by the sequential attachment of two electrons to K⁺. Negative alkali ions are also observed under comparable conditions from LiF, NaCl, and KBr. In each material, the strong overlap between the positive and negative alkali ion distributions, and the lack of detected negative halogen ions, suggest that negative ion formation involves a similar mechanism.     

Delayed autoionization of recoil ions by the decay of high-spin isomeric states

The time dependence of the ionization for isotopically different heavy ion fusion recoil ions has been observed. Delayed nuclear-induced autoionization of recoil ions caused by the decay of high-spin nuclear isomeric states by internal conversion was established. Internal conversion in isolated recoil atoms results in a drastic rearrangement in the atomic cloud with a loss of a great number of orbital electrons. Possibilities for the use of the observed phenomena in atomic and nuclear physics are discussed.     

铁、铬、钒原子激发态的光电离截面

这篇文章分别在278~288 nm、335~361 nm、300~310 nm激光波长范围内分别报道过渡金属中的铁原子、铬原子和钒原子的共振增强多光子电离(REMPI)的实验结果. 实验中采用激光烧蚀和分子束相结合的技术制备金属原子.光离子产物由飞行时间质谱仪检测.根据共振电离离子信号对探测激光功率的依赖关系,得到原子激发态的光电离截面值.     

NaK分子激发态的预离解和碰撞激发转移

用Ar+激光器固定频率488.0nm线激发Na-K混合蒸汽,NaK分子激发态通过自发辐射、预离解和与基态原子的碰撞激发转移而去布居,测量在不同K原子密度下原子荧光对分子荧光的强度比,结合NaK(E)态寿命,得到了预离解率和碰撞激发转移率.     

激光冷却获得高亮度的亚稳态惰性气体原子束和原子阱

高强度的亚稳态惰性原子束流在原子分子物理实验研究中具有广泛的应用.使用射频电离方法和激光横向冷却技术制备了高强度的亚稳态氪原子束流,并使用数值模拟方法对横向冷却激光场中的原子径迹进行了分析.通过激光诱导荧光光谱方法测量原子束的束流特性,结果显示,横向冷却后在束流源下游230 cm处的原子束流强度达1.6atoms/(s*sr),束流强度提高了两个量级.利用这种高强度原子束流,我们成功囚禁了1.3×10¹⁰个亚稳态⁸⁴Kr原子,同时冷原子装载速率达到了3.0×10¹¹atoms/s;并利用该装置成功地实现了高亮度的亚稳态氩原子束和原子阱. 关键词： 横向冷却 原子束 原子阱 惰性气体     

Diffraction of a superfluid fermi gas by an atomic grating

An atomic grating generated by a pulsed standing-wave laser field is proposed to manipulate the superfluid state in a quantum degenerate gas of fermionic atoms. We show that in the presence of atomic Cooper pairs, the density oscillations of the gas caused by the atomic grating exhibit a much longer coherence time than that in the normal Fermi gas. Our result indicates that the technique of a pulsed atomic grating is a potential candidate to detect the atomic superfluid state in a quantum degenerate Fermi gas.     

Rescattering of electrons at laser-cluster interactions

The goal of this work is to derive the angular distributions of electrons irradiated at the outer ionization of large atomic clusters from Xe atoms by relativistic laser pulses taking into account rescattering processes. Both the magnetic field of the laser pulse and the Coulomb field of the ionized cluster significantly influence the rescattering of ejected electrons. The multiply inner ionization of atoms occurs at the leading edge of the laser pulse. The atomic ions with charge multiplicities up to Z = 26 are subsequently produced (each atomic ion with the next charge multiplicity appears in 3–5 fs) when the laser intensity increases. The measurements of the angular distributions of electrons allow us to reproduce the imaging dynamics of outer ionization of the cluster at the leading edge of the relativistic femtosecond laser pulse.     

脉冲激光诱导金属薄膜电离的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法模拟研究了激光诱导金属薄膜的电离过程,对激光等离子体形成早期原子的运动轨迹、薄膜表面的温度变化以及原子的电离特性进行了详细分析,并探究了脉冲激光参数对原子电离过程的影响.结果表明,在激光照射过程中,薄膜表面先熔化而后又气化,气化的原子继续吸收激光能量继而电离.激光的峰值功率密度越大,原子电离速率越快,电离数目越多,薄膜表面的温度越高.脉冲宽度越小,原子电离速率越快,薄膜表面的温度越高,但原子的电离数目先增加后减小.     

Optogalvanic spectroscopy of sputtered atoms

Optogalvanic Spectroscopy (OGS) is finding wide ranging applications in atomic structure studies, laser wavelength calibration, intensity and frequency stabilization of lasers and analytical chemistry. Sputtered atoms produced in a hollow cathode lamp by the bombardment of a rare gas discharge is a convenient source for optogalvanic spectroscopy work. Here, we discuss the sputtered ion/atom optogalvanic spectroscopy applications to low resolution atomic spectroscopy, laser wavelength calibration, studies of radioactive samples available in limited quantities, studies of atoms in highly excited states and Rydberg atoms and high resolution laser spectroscopy. For the sake of completeness, we list other applications of OGS without going into details.     

Band-structure engineering of gold atomic wires on silicon by controlled doping

We report on the systematic tuning of the electronic band structure of atomic wires by controlling the density of impurity atoms. The atomic wires are self-assembled on Si(111) by substitutional gold adsorbates and extra silicon atoms are deposited as the impurity dopants. The one-dimensional electronic band of gold atomic wires, measured by angle-resolved photoemission, changes from a fully metallic to semiconducting one with its band gap increasing above 0.3 eV along with an energy shift as a linear function of the Si dopant density. The gap opening mechanism is suggested to be related to the ordering of the impurities.     

Continuous wave field ionization laser spectroscopy

A new technique is described which allows Doppler-free, isotope-selective excitation of atoms by continuous wave laser radiation and continuous ionization of the atoms by an electric field. The atoms are excited to high Rydberg states in an electric-field-free region of a collimated atomic beam. Because the lifetimes of Rydberg atoms are long they can reach a spatially separated region of the atomic beam where they are ionized by a continuous electric field with a probability of unity. In the case of lithium we obtained a 10³ times larger ion signal by field ionization of Rydberg atoms than by direct photoionization from low excited states.     

Slow spin relaxation of Rb atoms confined in glass cells filled with dense 4He gas at 1.85 K

At temperatures below 2.1 K, long-lived gaseous Rb atoms in glass cells have been generated with a simple method: irradiating the cells, containing 4He gas and Rb metal, with a cw laser. The obtained atomic Rb density ( approximately 10(8) cm(-3)) decreases with a 1/e time constant of about 10 s at 1.85 K. We have performed optical pumping of the Rb atoms and measured the longitudinal electronic spin relaxation time at 1.85 K as well. For processes (such as Rb-He collisions) which do not remove the atomic Rb from the vapor, this relaxation time is found to be about 60+/-15 s.     

激光诱导氩气等离子体时间分辨特性研究

激光诱导击穿光谱(L IB S)以激光诱导微等离子体的原子发射为技术特征,在科研与工业领域正得到重视与蓬勃发展.作为环境气体的氩气对等离子体演化过程中粒子的碰撞过程有重要影响,决定着L IBS技术分析性能的发挥.利用光谱诊断技术深入研究LIBS技术条件下氩气的光谱特征,对于提升LIBS技术及其应用水平具有重要的意义.利...     

Laser annealing of silicon layers amorphized by molecular ions

The behaviour, after laser beam annealing, of heavily doped silicon layers obtained by a high current density atomic and molecular ion bombardment is investigated. The ion beam is realized by glow discharge of a gas containing the dopant, acceleration towards the sample, without any magnet.

The annealing is performed by using a high power (3.5 J/cm²) pulsed laser and the surfaces are studied by Rutherford backscattering, secondary ions mass spectroscopy and conductivity measurements. Comparison with a classical thermal annealing shows the advantage of the laser pulse to restore completely the original cristallinity, even if the layer is im-planted at doses in excess the solubility limit of the dopant, leading to a full surface amorphization.     

高斯激光驻波场沉积Na原子的量子理论分析

利用量子理论,通过CRANK-NICOLSON数值方法对23Na原子受激光驻波场作用的物理过程进行模拟.模拟结果表明:正失谐时,原子以λ/2为周期会聚在驻波光场中波节处.随着光势阱加深或原子纵向速度改变,原子会聚结果分别符合薄透镜、厚透镜及沟道化模型.厚透镜模型中,当原子纵向速度增加,原子密度峰位置沿z方向向后漂移,峰在z方向半高宽增加.当激光功率增加或激光束腰减小,会聚面上峰半高宽减小,对比度增加,峰值增加.     

离子原子碰撞过程中反冲离子飞行时间谱的蒙特卡罗模拟研究

基于蒙特卡罗方法,建立了程序模拟离子与原子碰撞中的反冲离子飞行时间谱.模拟入射离子束的空间密度分布,原子束密度的空间分布,靶原子的初速度分布, 根据反应几率产生不同电荷态反冲离子,并求出反冲离子飞行时间后,对每次模拟事件根据飞行时间进行累计,就得到反冲离子的飞行时间谱.模拟结果与实验(Ar12+-Ar) 测量到的TOF谱进行了分析比较,并进行了定性讨论     

Local blockade of Rydberg excitation in an ultracold gas

In the laser excitation of ultracold atoms to Rydberg states, we observe a dramatic suppression caused by van der Waals interactions. This behavior is interpreted as a local excitation blockade: Rydberg atoms strongly inhibit excitation of their neighbors. We measure suppression, relative to isolated atom excitation, by up to a factor of 6.4. The dependences of this suppression on both laser irradiance and atomic density are in good agreement with a mean-field model. These results are an important step towards using ultracold Rydberg atoms in quantum information processing.     

Atomic-based stabilization for laser-pumped atomic clocks

We describe a novel technique for stabilizing frequency shifts in laser-interrogated vapor-cell atomic clocks. The method suppresses frequency shifts due to changes in the laser frequency, intensity, and modulation index as well as atomic vapor density. The clock operating parameters are monitored by using the atoms themselves, rather than by using conventional schemes for laser frequency and cell temperature control. The experiment is realized using a chip-scale atomic clock. The novel atomic-based stabilization approach results in a simpler setup and improved long-term performance.