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1.
Wastewater treatment is of great significance to environmental remediation. The exploration of efficient and stable methods for wastewater treatment is still a challenging issue. Herein, a heterojunction material with photocatalysis and adsorption properties has been designed to remove the complex pollutants from wastewater. The heterojunction material (ZnO/TiO 2−PW 12, PW 12=[PW 12O 40] 3−) was synthesized by calcining the ZnTi−layered double hydroxide (ZnTi-LDH) intercalated with the Keggin-type polyoxometalate H 3PW 12O 40. In the construction of ZnO/TiO 2−PW 12 it was found that the polyanionic PW 12 remained unchanged in the process of forming the proposed heterojunction. The photochemical properties verify that heterojunction synergistic with PW 12 facilitated the separation of photoproduced electron-hole pairs and thus suppressed the recombination. Therefore, ZnO/TiO 2−PW 12 exhibits excellent photocatalytic property, and the efficiency of Cr(VI) photoreduction reached more than 90 % in the first 3 min. Furthermore, the electrostatic force between the PW 12 and cationic dyes makes ZnO/TiO 2−PW 12 having an outstanding adsorption performance for cationic dyes, such as rhodamine B, crystal violet and methyl blue. Such heterojunction material combined with polyoxometalate puts forward new insights for the design of functional materials for water treatment with low cost and high efficiency. 相似文献
2.
Water pollution due to industrial effluents from industries which utilize dyes in the manufacturing of their products has serious implications on aquatic lives and the general environment. Thus, there is need for the removal of dyes from wastewater before being discharged into the environment. In this study, a nanocomposite consisting of silver, silver oxide (Ag 2O), zinc oxide (ZnO) and graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized, characterized and photocatalytically applied in the degradation (and possibly mineralization) of organic pollutants in water treatment process. The Ag–Ag 2O–ZnO nanostructure was synthesized by a co-precipitation method and calcined at 400 °C. It was functionalized using 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane and further anchored on carboxylated graphene oxide via the formation of an amide bond to give the Ag–Ag 2O–ZnO/GO nanocomposite. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized by UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. The applicability of Ag–Ag 2O–ZnO/GO nanocomposite as a photocatalyst was investigated in the photocatalytic degradation of acid blue 74 dye under visible light irradiation in synthetic wastewater containing the dye. The results indicated that Ag–Ag 2O–ZnO/GO nanocomposite has a higher photocatalytic activity (90% removal) compared to Ag–Ag 2O–ZnO (85% removal) and ZnO (75% removal) respectively and thus lends itself to application in water treatment, where the removal of organics is very important. 相似文献
3.
Novel magnetic hybrid nanomaterials 1 (LaFeO 3.Fe 3O 4@SiO 2-NH 2/PW 12) were synthesized by supporting phosphotungstic acid (H 3PW 12O 40; PW 12) on LaFeO 3.Fe 3O 4 nanomaterials through sono-assisted method. The synthesized nanomaterials were fully characterized by using FT-IR, XRD, UV–vis, BET-BJH, VSM, SEM, and TEM analyses. FT-IR, XRD, and UV–vis confirmed successful synthesis of nanomaterials. The SEM and TEM images revealed spherical morphology with core-shell structure for hybrid nanomaterials 1 . VSM results confirmed the magnetic property of hybrid nanomaterials 1 and suggested it as easily recyclable photocatalyst for removal of organic dyes from aqueous solution. The photocatalytic activity of hybrid nanomaterials 1 has been studied over the degradation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) solution under UV–vis light irradiation. Importantly the hybrid nanomaterials 1 showed outstanding degradation efficiency for MB solution in comparison with bare LaFeO 3.Fe 3O 4 and PW 12. The photocatalytic activity was enhanced mainly due to the high efficiency in separation of electron–hole pairs induced by the remarkable synergistic effects of LaFeO 3.Fe 3O 4 and PW 12 semiconductors. After the photocatalytic reaction, the nanocomposite can be easily separated from the reaction solution and reused several times without loss of its photocatalytic activity. Trapping experiments indicated that hole (h VB+) and •OH radicals were the main reactive species for dye degradation in the present photocatalytic system. On the basis of the experimental results and estimated band gaps, the mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic activity was proposed. 相似文献
4.
ZnO nanostructures were synthesised in a hydrothermal reaction of zinc acetate in the presence of molybdophosphoric acid (H 3[PMo 12O 40]) as well as its vanadium-substituted acid (H 4[PMo 11VO 40]) at various times, temperatures, and concentrations. The ZnO nanostructures were characterised by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the synthesised products are crystalline with a zincite hexagonal phase. Various ZnO nanostructures, such as nanoparticles, microrods, and nanosheets, were produced by changing the experimental conditions. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange was also investigated using the ZnO nanoparticles thus prepared. These particles exhibited high performance in the photocatalytic degradation of MO and almost 100 % decolourisation occurred within only 20 min. 相似文献
5.
Fungal infections pose a serious threat to human health. Polyoxometalates (POMs) are metal–oxygen clusters with potential application in the control of microbial infections. Herein, the Ag 3PW 12O 40 composites have been synthesized and verified by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The antifungal activities of Ag 3PW 12O 40 were screened in 19 Candida species strains through the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by the microdilution checkerboard technique. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC 50) values of Ag 3PW 12O 40 are 2~32 μg/mL to the Candida species. The MIC 80 value of Ag 3PW 12O 40 to resistant clinical isolates C. albicans HL963 is 8 μg/mL, which is lower than the positive control, fluconazole (FLC). The mechanism against C. albicans HL963 results show that Ag 3PW 12O 40 can decrease the ergosterol content. The expressions of ERG1, ERG7, and ERG11, which impact on the synthesis of ergosterol, are all prominently upregulated by Ag 3PW 12O 40. It indicates that Ag 3PW 12O 40 is a candidate in the development of new antifungal agents. 相似文献
6.
High aspect ratio cobalt doped ZnO nanowires showing strong photocatalytic activity and moderate ferromagnetic behaviour were successfully synthesized using a solvothermal method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and UV–visible absorption spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activities evaluated for visible light driven degradation of an aqueous methylene orange (MO) solution were higher than for Co doped ZnO nanoparticles at the same doping level and synthesized by the same synthesis route. The rate constant for MO visible light photocatalytic degradation was 1.9·10 −3 min −1 in case of nanoparticles and 4.2·10 −3 min −1 in case of nanowires. We observe strongly enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity for moderate Co doping levels, with an optimum at a composition of Zn 0.95Co 0.05O. The enhanced photocatalytic activities of Co doped ZnO nanowires were attributed to the combined effects of enhanced visible light absorption at the Co sites in ZnO nanowires, and improved separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers at optimal Co doping. 相似文献
7.
A series of H3PW12O40/BiVO4 composite with different H3PW12O40 loadings were prepared using a hydrothermal and impregnation method. The prepared composites were characterized by XRD, Raman, SEM, XPS, and DRS techniques. The bandgap of the composite was narrower compared with the as-prepared pure BiVO4 . As a novel photocatalytic material, the photocatalytic performance of the H3PW12O40/BiVO4 composite was investigated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye solution under visible light irradiation and compared with that of pure BiVO4 . The results revealed that the introduction of H3PW12O40 could improve the photocatalytic performance and different concentrations of H3PW12O40 resulted in different photocatalytic activities. The highest activity was obtained by the sample with a loading HPW concentration of 10 wt%. The reason for the enhanced photocatalytic activities of H3PW12O40/BiVO4 samples was also discussed in this paper. Moreover, the H3PW12O40/BiVO4 composites retained the catalytic activity after four repeated experiments. 相似文献
8.
以Bi(NO 3) 3·5H 2O、Zn(CH 3COO) 2·2H 2O和NaBr为前驱体,采用简单溶剂热法制备BiOBr/ZnO三维花状微纳米复合材料。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光子能谱、N 2吸附-脱附、光致发光和电子顺磁共振等分析技术对其理化性质进行了表征。通过可见光催化降解罗丹明B(RhB)的实验测试了复合材料的光催化性能。结果表明ZnO含量为5%的BiOBr/ZnO光催化活性最优,RhB降解率在50 min后达到98.3%,其降解速率常数是纯ZnO和BiOBr的6.3倍和3.4倍,并且具有较高的稳定性。复合材料光催化性能增强的可能原因为ZnO的引入增强了可见光的吸收和光生载流子的电荷分离效率。 相似文献
9.
Silver-doped ZnO thin films with various loadings of Ag in the range of 0–10 mol% were prepared by the sol–gel dip-coating
method. All prepared films show X-ray powder diffraction patterns that matched with ZnO in its würtzite structure. The grain
size decreased as the Ag loading increased. The prepared films, under UV blacklight illumination, produced a photocatalytic
degradation of methylene blue, rhodamine B and reactive orange solutions. Furthermore, they inhibited the growth of Escherichia
coli bacteria under UV blacklight irradiation and to a lesser extent in dark conditions. The photocatalytic and antibacterial
activities of the prepared films increased with Ag loading, presumably because Ag enhanced the efficiency of generation of
superoxide anion radicals ( •O 2
−) and hydroxyl radicals ( •OH). 相似文献
10.
In this study, novel ternary Fe 2O 3/ZnO/ZnFe 2O 4 (ZFO) composites were successfully prepared through a simple hydrothermal reaction with subsequent thermal treatment. The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) measurement, and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS). The photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (Rh B) under visible light irradiation indicated that the ZFO composites calcined at 500 °C has the best photocatalytic activity (the photocatalytic degradation efficiency can reach up to 95.7% within 60 min) and can maintain a stable photocatalytic degradation efficiency for at least three cycles. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of ZFO composites toward dye decomposition follows the order cationic Rh B > anionic methyl orange. Finally, using different scavengers, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were identified as the primary active species during the degradation reaction of Rh B. 相似文献
11.
In this paper, p–n junction photocatalyst NiO/ZnO was prepared by the sol–gel method using Ni (NO 3) 2 and zinc acetate as the raw materials. The structural and optical properties of the p–n junction photocatalyst NiO/ZnO were
characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectrum (DRS) and the fluorescence emission spectra. The
photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst was evaluated by photocatalytic reduction of Cr 2O 7
2− and photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange (MO). The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of the p–n junction
photocatalyst NiO/ZnO is much higher than that of ZnO on the photocatalytic reduction of Cr 2O 7
2−. However, the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst is much lower than that of ZnO on the photocatalytic oxidation
of methyl orange. Namely, the p–n junction photocatalyst NiO/ZnO has higher photocatalytic reduction activity, but lower photocatalytic
oxidation activity. The heat treatment condition also influences the photocatalytic activity strongly, and the best preparation
condition is about 400 °C for 2 h. Effect of the heat treatment condition on the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst
was also investigated. The mechanisms of influence on the photocatalytic activity were discussed by the p–n junction principle. 相似文献
12.
通过沉积法和离子交换法成功地制备了Ag_3PO_4/Ag_2S/g-C_3N_4复合型光催化剂。利用X射线多晶粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、N_2吸附-脱附等温线、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、荧光光谱等手段对样品进行了表征。通过降解罗丹明B考察其可见光催化活性及稳定性,研究了硫化钠与磷酸银物质的量的比值(n_(Na_2S)/n_(Ag_3PO_4))、g-C_3N_4添加量对所制备复合光催化材料性能的影响,同时对光催化机理进行了探讨。结果表明,随着n_(Na2S)/n_(Ag3PO4)的增加,所得复合催化材料活性先增加后降低;当n_(Na2S)/n_(Ag_3PO_4)为1.5%、g-C_3N_4与Ag_3PO_4的质量比为3∶7时制备的催化剂ASC1.5的光催化活性最好,在可见光照射下,40 min内可将罗丹明B完全降解,且5次循环使用后仍保持较高的催化活性。和Ag_3PO_4相比,Ag_3PO_4/Ag_2S/g-C_3N_4复合型光催化材料的活性与稳定性都得到明显提高,这主要归因于复合催化剂比表面积和孔结构的增加,载流子分离效率的提高。光催化机理研究表明,空穴(h~+)、超氧阴离子自由基(·O~(2-))和羟基自由基(·OH)都是光催化过程中的主要活性物种。三者作用大小依次为:h~+·O~(2-)·OH。 相似文献
13.
The photocatalytic activity composite films incorporating the Keggin-type polyoxometalates (POM) K 6CoW 12O 40·16H 2O and K 3PW 12O 40· nH 2O (MW 12 (M = P, Co)) and [Cu(II)(1,8-dimethyl-1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 13-hexaazacycloteradecane)] 2+(L) have been prepared by the layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method. The experimental results show that the deposition process is linear and highly reproducible from layer to layer. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of the L/MW 12 composite films indicate that the film surface is relatively uniform and smooth. In addition, the films show high photocatalytic activity to the degradation of organic dye model (methyl orange (MO)), attributed to the formation of an O → W charge-transfer excited state at W–O–W bridge bond, resulting in generating highly reactive holes and electrons; The photocatalytic efficiency of the films have little change after several times of photocatalytic cycle, indicating that the composite films are stable, reused and recovered. 相似文献
14.
Achieving efficient degradation of organic pollutants via activation of sulfite is meaningful but challenging. Herein, we have constructed a heterogeneous catalyst system involving Co 3O 4 and TiO 2 nanoparticles to form the p-n heterojunction (Co 3O 4/TiO 2) to degrade acetaminophen (ACE) through photocatalytic activation of sulfite. Specifically, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and theoretical calculations provide compelling evidence of electron transfer from Co 3O 4 to TiO 2 at the heterointerface. The interfacial electron redistribution of Co 3O 4/TiO 2 tunes the adsorption energy of HSO 3?/SO 32? in sulfite activation process for enhanced the catalytic activity. Owing to its unique heterointerface, the degradation efficiency of ACE reached 96.78% within 10 min. The predominant active radicals were identified as ?OH, h +, and SO x?? through radical quenching experiments and electron spin resonance capture. Besides, the possible degradation pathway was deduced by monitoring the generated intermediate products. Thereafter, the enhanced roles of well-engineered compositing interface in photocatalytic activation of sulfite for complete degradation of ACE were unveiled that it can improve light absorption ability, facilitate the generation of active species, and optimize reactive pathways. Considering that sulfite is a waste from flue gas desulfurization process, the photocatalytic activation of sulfite system will open up new avenues of beneficial use of air pollutants for the removal of pharmaceutical wastewater. 相似文献
15.
A novel binary photocatalytic composite (BiOI/ZIF-8) was successfully constructed by solvothermal method. Its crystal morphology, chemical state of the elements and electrochemical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence analysis. Appropriate ZIF-8 doping enhanced the separation and utilization of photogenerated electrons, promoted the capture of contaminants and rapidly produces active species, thereby accelerating the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants. Degradation experiments on BPA showed that the photocatalytic property of BiOI/ZIF-8 (0.5) was significantly improved compared with the parent material. BiOI/ZIF-8 (0.5) showed the highest reaction rate constant (0.06061 min?1), 9.2 times that of BiOI (0.00659 min?1) and 23.3 times that of ZIF-8 (0.0026 min?1). In addition, five cycle tests showed that BiOI/ZIF-8 was highly efficient in recycling and stability. Through capture experiments, superoxide free radicals ·OH, h? and ·O2? play an important role in degrading BPA, among which superoxide free radicals h+ play a major role. 相似文献
16.
结合回流法和原位沉淀法成功制备磷酸银/矾酸铋(Ag 3PO 4/BiVO 4)复合光催化剂. 通过X 射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、能量色散X射线光谱(EDS)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)及光致发光(PL)光谱对制备样品进行表征. XRD和FESEM结果表明成功制备Ag 3PO 4/BiVO 4复合光催化剂. 采用节能发光二极管灯(LED)作为可见光光源, 在低消耗光催化系统中评价制备样品可见光催化降解染料的活性.当Ag 3PO 4和BiVO 4的组成摩尔比为1:3 时, 复合Ag 3PO 4/BiVO 4光催化剂呈现出高于纯相Ag 3PO 4的催化活性,可减少Ag 3PO 4的使用量. Ag 3PO 4/BiVO 4复合光催化剂在中性溶液中表现出高活性, 同时证实其对阳离子染料的光催化降解效果强于阴离子染料. 在Ag 3PO 4/BiVO 4系统中, 超氧自由基和空穴是主要的活性物种. 经过三次循环利用, Ag 3PO 4/BiVO 4复合催化剂的可见光催化活性表现出不同程度的降低, 归因于降解过程中产生金属银. 相似文献
17.
以非离子表面活性剂P123为结构导向剂,采用溶胶-凝胶与溶解热相结合方法,制备了两类介孔材料H 3PW 12O 40/TiO 2和H 4SiW 12O 40/TiO 2,并对其进行了表征.?X射线粉末衍射和拉曼光谱分析表明,所制催化剂为锐钛矿晶型,体系中H 3PW 12O 40和H 4SiW 12O 40的Keggin结构经400?℃焙烧后仍保持完整.?H 3PW 12O 40/TiO 2和H 4SiW 12O 40/TiO 2的平均粒径分别为15.49和7.75?nm.?N 2吸附-脱附和扫描电镜结果表明,P123的加入使催化剂的粒径减小,比表面积和孔体积明显增大,其中H 3PW 12O 40/TiO 2和H 4SiW 12O 40/TiO 2的比表面积分别高达252.2和250.0?m 2/g.?紫外漫反射吸收光谱表明,与纯TiO 2相比,复合催化剂的吸收光谱发生了明显的红移,且吸收强度明显增大.?催化剂对DNT降解实验表明,在最佳操作条件下降解率可高达95%.? 相似文献
18.
Ag 2O/ZnO heterostructure has been recently synthesized using a facile chemical-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results confirmed the Ag 2O nanoparticles loading on ZnO nanorods. The Ag 2O addition increased the visible light absorption ability and a red shift for Ag 2O/ZnO heterostructure appeared when compared to pure ZnO. Photoluminescence spectra showed lower emission yield on the Ag 2O/ZnO heterostructure than on pure ZnO. Such a decrease in the emission yield represents the fraction of the excited state Ag 2O sensitizer involved in the charge injection process. Under compact fluorescent lamp irradiation, the Ag 2O/ZnO heterostructure demonstrated higher photocatalytic activity than pure ZnO in the degradation of resorcinol, which can be attributed to the high separation efficiency of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs based on the cooperative roles of Ag 2O loading on ZnO nanarods. All these characteristics represent a significant contribution of the Ag 2O/ZnO heterostructure to the practical applications in indoor environmental remediation. 相似文献
19.
The photochemistry of the electron donor-acceptor complex formed between N-methylpyrrolidinone and H 3PW 12O 40 was investigated by means of picosecond absorption spectroscopy. Excitation at 355 nm generates PW 12O 404− within ≈90 ps after excitation. Evidence exists for the production of a species within the time duration of the excitation laser pulse which either gives rise to or exists with PW 12O 404−. 相似文献
20.
采用一步水热合成法制备了BiPO_4、Ag_3PO_4和BiPO_4/Ag_3PO_4复合光催化剂,通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见漫反射(UV-Vis DRS)等表征手段对其组成结构、形貌及光吸收性质进行了表征,结果表明Ag_3PO_4呈块状结构,BiPO_4则分布在其表面,形成的BiPO_4/Ag_3PO_4复合光催化剂具有单斜相和立方晶相结构,带边吸收拓宽至571 nm。以甲基橙和加替沙星为目标污染物,考察了BiPO_4/Ag_3PO_4复合光催化剂在模拟太阳光照射下的降解矿化能力,结果表明复合催化剂比单一催化剂的降解矿化能力更强,稳定性更好。此外,自由基捕获实验表明空穴是该光催化过程中的主要活性物种,·O2-次之。p-n异质结的形成使BiPO_4/Ag_3PO_4复合光催化剂具有较强的电子空穴分离能力是光催化活性提高的主要原因,这与光电流和电化学阻抗谱测试结果相一致。基于以上结果,文中对BiPO_4/Ag_3PO_4光催化降解有机污染物的机理进行了推测。 相似文献
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