锕系核靶制备与应用北大核心CSCD

基础核物理、核能开发、超重元素研制等领域对精确、值得信赖的核参数的需求日益增大,锕系核靶作为核数据测量实验的核心部件,其产品种类及关键质量参数的优劣直接制约核数据测量的发展水平。系统介绍了国内外锕系核靶制备及检测方法以及国内外核靶研究团队技术储备及发展方向。     

通过惰性气体氙判断核试验信息的方法

全面禁止核试验条约的达成是防止核武器扩散的重要手段. 如何判断一次核试验的发生是一个关键课题. 研究了基于测量惰性气体氙同位素^133mXe,¹³³Xe,¹³⁵Xe和^131mXe来鉴别核试验和民用反应堆泄漏的方法. 通过分析这些处于复杂衰变链上核素的数量随时间的变化,寻找核试验与反应堆泄露事件的区别. 对两次朝鲜可疑的事件进行了测量和分析. 为了验证理论计算结果,设计了一次热中子辐照钚的模拟实验. 关键词： 全面禁止核试验条约核查 气体裂变产物 核试验判据 惰性气体氙核素     

Energy loss effect in high energy nuclear Drell-Yan process

The energy loss effect in nuclear matter, which is a nuclear effect apart from the nuclear effect on the parton distribution as in deep-inelastic scattering process, can be measured best by the nuclear dependence of the high energy nuclear Drell-Yan process. By means of the nuclear parton distribution studied only with lepton deep-inelastic scattering experimental data, the measured Drell-Yan production cross sections for 800 GeV proton incident on a variety of nuclear targets are analyzed within the Glauber framework which takes into account the energy loss of the beam proton. It is shown that the theoretical results with considering the energy loss effect are in good agreement with the FNAL E866 data.Arrival of the final proofs: 24 June 2003     

原子核的有限体积效应对高离化态离子能级和波函数的影响

在相对论理论框架下,分别在点电荷和两参数Fermi核模型近似下计算了高离化态类氢离子（Z=80—112）n=1—3壳层的波函数和能级. 分析了核有限体积效应对它们的影响. 在此基础上,给出了核有限体积效应对原子能级的修正公式. 同时,还进一步讨论了相对论效应和核有限体积效应之间的相互影响,发现对高Z元素相对论效应与核有限体积效应之间有很强的耦合. 关键词： 原子核有限体积效应 高离化态离子 相对论效应     

Nuclear spins of ionized phosphorus donors in silicon

We demonstrate the coherent control and electrical readout of ionized phosphorus donor nuclear spins in (nat)Si. By combining time-programed optical excitation with coherent electron spin manipulation, we selectively ionize the donors depending on their nuclear spin state, exploiting a spin-dependent recombination process at the Si/SiO(2) interface, and find a nuclear spin coherence time of 18 ms for the ionized donors. The presented technique allows for spectroscopy of ionized-donor nuclear spins and enhances the sensitivity of electron nuclear double resonance to a level of 3000 nuclear spins.     

Nuclear effects in the F3 structure function for finite and asymptotic Q

We study nuclear effects in the structure function F₃ which describes the parity violating part of the charged-current neuitrino nucleon deep inelastic scattering. Starting from a covariant approach we derive a factorized expression for the nuclear structure function in terms of the nuclear spectral function and off-shell nucleon structure functions valid for arbitrary momentum transfer Q and in the limit of weak nuclear binding, i.e. when a nucleus can be treated as a non-relativistic system. We develop a systematic expansion of nuclear structure functions in terms of a Q⁻² series caused by nuclear effects (“nuclear twist” series). Basing ourselves on this expansion we calculate nuclear corrections to the Gross-Llewellyn-Smith sum rule as well as to higher moments of F₃. We show that corrections to the GLS sum rule due to nuclear effects cancel out in the Bjorken limit and calculate the corresponding Q⁻² correction. Special attention is paid to the discussion of the off-shell effects in the structure functions. A sizable impact of these effects both on the Q² and x dependence of nuclear structure functions is found.     

Quark Energy Loss and Shadowing in Nuclear Drell-Yan Process

The energy loss effect in nuclear matter is another nuclear effect apart from the nuclear effects on the parton distribution as in deep inelastic scattering process. The quark energy loss can be measured best by the nuclear dependence of the high energy nuclear Dre11-Yan process. By means of three kinds of quark energy loss parameterizations given in literature and the nuclear parton distribution extracted only with lepton-nucleus deep inelastic scattering experimental data, measured Dre11-Yan production cross sections are analyzed for 800 GeV proton incident on a variety of nuclear targets from FNAL E866. It is shown that our results with considering the energy loss effect are much different from those of the FNAL E866, who analyzes the experimental data with the nuclear parton distribution functions obtained by using the deep inelastic IA collisions and pA nuclear Drell-Yan data. Considering the existence of energy loss effect in Drell-Yan lepton pairs production, we suggest that the extraction of nuclear parton distribution functions shoul““““d not include Dre11-Yan experimental data.     

Quark Energy Loss and Shadowing in Nuclear Drell-Yan Process

The energy loss effect in nuclear matter is another nuclear effect apart from the nuclear effects on the parton distribution as in deep inelastic scattering process. The quark energy loss can be measured best by the nuclear dependence of the high energy nuclear Drell-Yan process. By means of three kinds of quark energy loss parameterizations given in literature and the nuclear parton distribution extracted only with lepton-nucleus deep inelastic scattering experimental data, measured Drell-Yan production cross sections are analyzed for 800 GeV proton incident on a variety of nuclear targets from FNAL E866. It is shown that our results with considering the energy loss effect are much different from those of the FNAL E866, who analyzes the experimental data with the nuclear parton distribution functions obtained by using the deep inelastic IA collisions and pA nuclear Drell-Yan data. Considering the existence of energy loss effect in Drell-Yan lepton pairs production, we suggest that the extraction of nuclear parton distribution functions should not include Drell-Yan experimental data.     

Generating entanglement and squeezed states of nuclear spins in quantum dots

We present a scheme for achieving coherent spin squeezing of nuclear spin states in semiconductor quantum dots. The nuclear polarization dependence of the electron spin resonance generates a unitary evolution that drives nuclear spins into a collective entangled state. The polarization dependence of the resonance generates an area-preserving, twisting dynamics that squeezes and stretches the nuclear spin Wigner distribution without the need for nuclear spin flips. Our estimates of squeezing times indicate that the entanglement threshold can be reached in current experiments.     

Quantum mechanical treatment of electron-positron excitations in heavy ion collisions with nuclear contact

A general theory is formulated of electron-positron excitations in heavy ion collisions with nuclear contact, treating the nuclear relative motion quantum mechanically. A set of coupled channel equations for the electronic occupation amplitudes is derived, which is formally very similar to the semiclassical theory based on a classical nuclear trajectory, and reduces to the latter in the JWKB approximation. The new coupled equations contain all the quantum mechanical information on the details of the nuclear scattering during nuclear contact. The importantce of this formulation for a quantitative theory of spontaneous positron creation in supercritical systems with nuclear time delay is pointed out. The possibility of line structures in the positron spectrum, as predicted semiclassically and recently discovered experimentally, is discussed in the framework of the DWBA approximation. For light-particle scattering off a nuclear resonance, the Blair formula for vacancy production is recovered in the same approximation.     

TMSR白光中子源关键核数据实验进展

钍铀燃料循环核数据的精度和可靠性直接关系着钍基熔盐堆的安全性和经济性。目前大多数核数据都是基于铀钚燃料循环进行开发,若直接用在钍基熔盐堆上将会出现核设计不确定度较高的问题。为了提高钍基熔盐堆物理设计所需核数据的适用性,中国科学院上海应用物理研究所自行设计并建造了紧凑型的15 MeV电子加速器驱动的白光中子源(Photoneutron Source,PNS),用于开展钍铀燃料循环核数据的实验测量。该装置已通过技术验收,并进行了一系列关键核素的核数据测量,检验了现用核数据的可靠性,为相关核素的核数据评价与改进提供了基础实验数据。     

Nuclear time delay in resonant heavy ion collisions

From a quantum mechanical model for quasielastic nuclear scattering, involving a pocket in the internuclear potential, we derive a distribution of nuclear delay times. We show that coherent excitation of states in a rotational band of nuclear resonances leads to a lighthouse effect in the nuclear scattering cross section. Its influence on atomic excitations is shortly discussed for the case of positron creation in supercritical heavy ion collisions.     

核物理与核探测、核分析技术的应用

文章概要介绍了随着核物理研究发展起来的辐射和粒子探测的原理、方法和主要技术,举例介绍了相关核物理与核探测、核分析的典型技术及其在高精度测量和医学中的广泛应用,如活化分析技术、穆斯堡尔谱学、核磁共振技术、加速器质谱技术、核医学成像、同步辐射技术、中子散射分析、放射性示踪技术等等.     

Some Properties of πr Meson in Nuclear Matter with Finite Density

In the GCM we study some properties of π meson as the Goldstone bosons in a nuclear matter with finitedensity. Using the effective action in a nuclear matter, we calculate the decay constant and π mass as functions of thechemical potential. The relation between the chemical potential and the density of a nuclear matter is firstly given here.We find that fπ and mπ monotonously decrease as nuclear matter density increases. The result is consistent with theusual assumption that the chiral symmetry is gradually restored as the density of a nuclear matter increases.     

Dynamics of nuclei with antikaons

Self-consistent calculations of single -nuclear states and multi -nuclear states are briefly reviewed. Dynamical effects for deeply bound nuclear states are studied within the relativistic mean-field (RMF) approach. By varying the strength of -nucleus interaction, we cover a wide range of binding energies . Our calculations provide a lower limit on the widths of nuclear bound states for binding energy in the range . Substantial polarization is found in light nuclei for deeply bound nuclear states, with central nuclear densities about twice higher than for the corresponding nuclei without . Multi- nuclear calculations indicate that the binding energy per meson saturates upon increasing the number of mesons embedded in the nuclear medium. The nuclear and densities increase only moderately and are close to saturation, with no indication of any kaon-condensation precursor phenomena.     

Density content of nuclear symmetry energy from nuclear observables

The nuclear symmetry energy at a given density measures the energy transferred in converting symmetric nuclear matter into the pure neutron matter. The density content of nuclear symmetry energy remains poorly constrained. Our recent results for the density content of the nuclear symmetry energy, around the saturation density, extracted using experimental data for accurately known nuclear masses, giant resonances and neutron-skin thickness in heavy nuclei are summarized.     

Nuclear tuning and detuning of the electron spin resonance in a quantum dot: theoretical consideration

We study nuclear spin dynamics in a quantum dot close to the conditions of electron spin resonance. We show that at a small frequency mismatch, the nuclear field detunes the resonance. Remarkably, at larger frequency mismatch, its effect is opposite: The nuclear system is bistable, and in one of the stable states, the field accurately tunes the electron spin splitting to resonance. In this state, the nuclear field fluctuations are strongly suppressed, and nuclear spin relaxation is accelerated.     

Stabilization of the electron-nuclear spin orientation in quantum dots by the nuclear quadrupole interaction

The nuclear quadrupole interaction eliminates the restrictions imposed by hyperfine interaction on the spin coherence of an electron and nuclei in a quantum dot. The strain-induced nuclear quadrupole interaction suppresses the nuclear spin flip and makes possible the zero-field dynamic nuclear polarization in self-organized InP/InGaP quantum dots. The direction of the effective nuclear magnetic field is fixed in space, thus quenching the magnetic depolarization of the electron spin in the quantum dot. The quadrupole interaction suppresses the zero-field electron spin decoherence also for the case of nonpolarized nuclei. These results provide a new vision of the role of the nuclear quadrupole interaction in nanostructures: it elongates the spin memory of the electron-nuclear system.     

Probing the nuclear symmetry energy with heavy-ion reactions induced by neutron-rich nuclei

Heavy-ion reactions induced by neutron-rich nuclei provide a unique means to investigate the equation of state of isospin-asymmetric nuclear matter, especially the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy. In particular, recent analyses of the isospin diffusion data in heavy-ion reactions have already put a stringent constraint on the nuclear symmetry energy around the nuclear matter saturation density. We review this exciting result and discuss its implications on nuclear effective interactions and the neutron skin thickness of heavy nuclei. In addition, we also review the theoretical progress on probing the high density behaviors of the nuclear symmetry energy in heavy-ion reactions induced by high energy radioactive beams.