Removal of Fe3+ from ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution in an impact-jet hydraulic cavitation extractor

The impurity of Fe³⁺ in ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (MAP) solution has a significant influence on the morphology and quality of products. The removal of Fe³⁺ from the MAP solution by Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) was investigated in an impact-jet hydraulic cavitation (HC) extractor. The organic phase and aqueous phase can be highly mixed under the action of hydraulic cavitation. The extraction efficiency of 80% can be achieved when the extraction reaction was carried out for only 5 min. It was found that the extraction of Fe³⁺ with D2EHPA was an exothermic reaction, and the equilibrium equation of extraction was obtained by slope method as follows: $F{e}_{(aqu)}^{3+}+8{\left(\mathit{HD}\right)}_{2(org)}={\left(\mathit{Fe}{D}_3·13HD\right)}_{(org)}+3H_{(aqu)}^{+}$After the two-stage extraction, the extraction efficiency of up to 96.7% can be reached (only 3.4 ～ 4 ppm Fe³⁺ remained in the aqueous phase), and the MAP crystals with regular polyhedral structure, single phase nature, and high optical transmittance were obtained.     

On valency based topological properties of the starphene St[n,m,l] and fenestrene F[n,m]

In theoretical chemistry the quantitative parameters which are used to describe the atomic topology of graphs are termed as topological indices. Through these topological indices many physical and chemical characteristics such as melting point, entropy, energy generation and vaporisation enthalpy of chemical compounds can be predicted. The theory of graphs has a significant use in measuring the relationship of certain associated graphs with various topological indices. In this paper, we compute novel topological indices based on eV- and ve-degrees for starphene $\mathit{St}[n,m,l]$ and fenestrene $F[n,m]$. A Maple-based algorithm is proposed for the calculation of ve and eV-degree based topological indices from the graph adjacency matrix.     

2-Pyridyloximate clusters of cobalt and nickel

The use of 2-pyridyloximate(-1) ligands, (py)C(R)NO⁻ [R = H, Ph, 2-pyridyl (py)] in cobalt and nickel(II) chemistry has been investigated and led to four families of clusters. A representative member of each family, namely $[{\mathrm{Co}}^{\text{II}}{\mathrm{Co}}_2^{\text{III}}\{(\mathrm{py})\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{ph})\text{NO}{\}}_6]({\mathrm{PF}}_6{)}_2$ (1), $[{\mathrm{Co}}_2^{\text{II}}{\mathrm{Co}}_2^{\mathrm{III}}(\mathrm{OH}{)}_2({\mathrm{O}}_2\mathrm{CMe}{)}_2\{(\mathrm{py}{)}_2\mathrm{CNO}{\}}_4(\mathrm{MeOH}{)}_2]({\mathrm{ClO}}_4{)}_2$ (2), [Ni₉(OH)₄{(py)CHNO}₁₀(H₂O)₈]{N(CN)₂}₃(ClO₄) [3{N(CN)₂}₃(ClO₄)] and [Ni₄(O₂CMe)₄{(py)C(ph)NO}₄(MeOH)₂] (4) is briefly structurally and magnetically described.     

Hall effects and entropy generation applications for peristaltic flow of modified hybrid nanofluid with electroosmosis phenomenon

The electroosmotic peristaltic flow of modified hybrid nanofluid in presence of entropy generation has been presented in this thermal model. The Hall impact and thermal radiation with help of nonlinear relations has also been used to modify the analysis. The assumed flow is considered due to a non-uniform trapped channel. The properties of modified hybrid nanofluid model are focused with interaction of three distinct types of nanoparticles namely copper ($Cu)$, silver ($Ag$) and aluminum oxide ($A{l}_2{O}_3).$ The mathematical modeling and significances of entropy generation and Bejan number are identified. With certain flow assumptions, the governing equations are attained for optimized peristaltic electroosmotic problem. Widely used assumptions of long wave length and low Reynolds number reduced the governing equations in ordinary differential equations. The ND solver is flowed for the solution process. The physical significant of results is observed by assigning the numerical values to parameters.     

Thermal stability of hybrid nanofluid with viscous dissipation and suction/injection applications: Dual branch framework

The thermal stability of nanomaterials is quite necessary for controlling the heat and cooling phenomenon. It is worthy observed that much research has been focused scientists towards the thermal significance of nanoparticles with multidisciplinary engineering and industrial applications. On this end, this report explores the improved thermal mechanism water base material with interaction of hybrid nanofluid stretching and shrinking surface. The cooling and heat phenomenon is observed in presence of viscous dissipation. The hybrid nanofluid characteristics are inspected with combination of copper $\left(Cu\right)$ and aluminum oxide $\left(A{l}_2{O}_3\right)$ nanoparticles with stable prospective. The consideration of such hybrid nanoparticles is due to impressive thermal characteristics and stable thermal performances. Although some studies are focused by researchers on hybrid nanofluid, however the measurement of thermal stability is not claimed yet. The stretching and shrinking configuration specify the porous medium features. The problem is compiled into dimensionless structure which is further preceded via bvp4c scheme. The resultant ODEs are successfully numerically solved using the bvp4c solver technique. Under restricting conditions, numerical findings are compared to previously published results. Non-dimensional profiles of velocity and temperature are shown graphically. Furthermore, graphs and tables show the effects of the physical parameters used on the reduced skin friction and heat transfer rate. Dual branches are found in specified domain of suction factor.