Ag nanoparticles immobilized on guanidine modified-KIT-5 mesoporous nanostructure: Evaluation of its catalytic activity for synthesis of propargylamines and investigation of its antioxidant and anti-lung cancer effects

The current study involves the novel synthesis of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) decorated biguanidine modified mesoporous silica KIT-5 following post-functionalization approach (KIT-5-bigua-Ag). The tiny Ag NPs were being stabilized over the in situ prepared biguanidine ligand. The high surface area material was characterized using advanced analytical methods like Fourier Transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, N₂-adsorption–desorption isotherm, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Diffraction study (XRD). The material was having large pore cage like structure with pore diameter of 8–10 nm. TEM study displayed the particles size of deposited Ag NPs were 10–15 nm. The KIT-5-bigua-Ag nanocomposite had a significantly high surface area of 318 m²/g (BET analysis). Towards the chemical applications of the material, we headed the three-component reaction of aldehydes, amines and alkynes (A³ coupling) with good to excellent yields (70–98%) of diverse Propargylamines. The catalyst was easily isolable and reused in 8 cycles without any leaching and considerable change in its reactivity. In addition, the KIT-5-bigua-Ag nanocomposite was engaged in biological assays like study of anti-oxidant properties by DPPH mediated free radical scavenging test using BHT as a reference molecule. Thereafter, on having a significant IC50 value in radical scavenging assay, we extended the bio-application of the desired nanocomposite in anticancer study of A549 cell of human lung in-vitro conditions. In the cytotoxicity and anti-human lung studies, the nanocomposite was treated to lung cancer A549 cell line following MTT assay. The cell viability of malignant lung cell line reduced dose-dependently in the presence of KIT-5-biguanidine-Ag nanocomposite. IC50 values of the nanocomposite were observed to be 915.22 μg/mL against A549 cell line. So, these results suggest that KIT-5-bigua-Ag as a novel chemotherapeutic nanocomposite have a suitable anticancer activity against lung cell lines.     

Citrus sinensis leaf aqueous extract green-synthesized silver nanoparticles: Characterization and cytotoxicity,antioxidant, and anti-human lung carcinoma effects

The present work demonstrates the synthesis of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) by using aqueous extract of Citrus sinensis as green reductant and capping agent without any toxic reagent. Physicochemical characteristics of the said nanoparticles were elucidated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vids) techniques. The biogenic Ag NPs are uniformly globular. The Ag NPs has been explored biologically in the anticancer and antioxidant assays. In the cellular and molecular part of the recent study, the treated cells with Ag NPs were assessed by MTT assay for 48 h about the cytotoxicity and anti-human lung carcinoma properties on normal (HUVEC) and lung carcinoma cell lines i.e. NCI-H661, HLC-1, NCI-H1563, LC-2/ad, NCI-H1299, and PC-14. The viability of malignant lung cell line reduced dose-dependently in the presence of Ag NPs. The IC50 of Ag NPs were 82, 139, 170, 66, 62, and 50 µg/mL against NCI-H661, HLC-1, NCI-H1563, LC-2/ad, NCI-H1299, and PC-14 cell lines, respectively. In the antioxidant test, the IC50 of Ag NPs and vitamin E against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals were 21 and 15 µg/mL, respectively. After clinical study, Ag NPs containing Citrus sinensis leaf aqueous extract may be used to formulate a new chemotherapeutic drug or supplement to treat the several types of human lung adenocarcinoma.     

White tea extract modified green synthesis of magnetite supported Ag nanoparticles: Evaluation of its catalytic activity,antioxidant and anti-colon cancer effects

In this study, an eco-friendly and low-cost procedure for the synthesis of White tea plant extract modified magnetic nanocomposite (Fe₃O₄@W.tea) has been demonstrated. Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were further decorated in situ over the designed Fe₃O₄@W.tea nanocomposite exploiting the plant derived phytochemicals as bio-reductant and stabilizer. The resulting Fe₃O₄@W.tea/Ag nanocomposite was characterized by various analytical methods like Fourier Transformed Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) elemental mapping, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) analysis. The as-synthesized bio-nanomaterial was used as an excellent heterogeneous and magnetically retrievable catalyst in the three-component condensation of 4-hydroxycoumarin, malononitrile and various aldehydes in refluxing aqueous media. A broad range of aromatic aldehydes underwent the reaction to produce diverse pyrano[3,2-c]chromene derivatives in very good yields irrespective of the nature of bearing functional groups or their respective geometrical positions. Due to superparamagnetic character, the material was easily magnetically decanted out and recycled for 8 successive times with preservation of its catalytic activity. After the chemical applications we also explored the material biologically in the resistance of human colon cancer and thereby studied the cytotoxicity over two standard cell lines, HT-29 and Caco-2. The conventional MTT assay was carried out over them which revealed an increase in % cell viability dose dependently. The IC₅₀ values observed in the two cell lines were 384.2 μg/ml and 254.6 μg/ml respectively. In addition, DPPH radical scavenging test was performed for studying anti-oxidant activity. The results validate the administration of Fe₃O₄@W.tea/Agnanocomposite as a competent colon protective drug in the clinical trial studies over human.     

Facile preparation of Kaolin supported silver nanoparticles mediated by Thymbra spicata extract and investigation of the anti-human lung cancer properties

The present work demonstrates the synthesis of kaolin supported Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs@Kaolin) by using an aqueous extract of Thymbra spicata as a green reductant and capping agent. Physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized nanocomposite were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), elemental mapping, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) techniques. The biogenic AgNPs are uniformly globular. Owing to the surface modification by the plant derived phytochemicals, the NPs are found to be distributed evenly on the kaolin surface. The AgNPs@Kaolin nanocomposite has been explored biologically in the anticancer and antioxidant assays. In the cellular and molecular part of the recent study, the treated cells with AgNPs@Kaolin nanocomposite were assessed by MTT assay for 48 h about the cytotoxicity and anti-human lung adenocarcinoma properties on normal (HUVEC) and lung adenocarcinoma cell lines i.e. lung well-differentiated bronchogenic adenocarcinoma (HLC-1), lung moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (LC-2/ad), and lung poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (PC-14). The viability of malignant lung cell line reduced dose-dependently in the presence of AgNPs@Kaolin nanocomposite. The IC50 of AgNPs@Kaolin nanocomposite were 509, 315, and 189 µg/mL against HLC-1, LC-2/ad, and PC-14 cell lines, respectively. In the antioxidant test, the IC50 of AgNPs@Kaolin nanocomposite and BHT against DPPH free radicals were 125 and 161 µg/mL, respectively. After the clinical study, AgNPs@Kaolin nanocomposite containing T. spicata leaf aqueous extract may be used to formulate a new chemotherapeutic drug or supplement to treat the several types of human lung adenocarcinoma.     

Green supported Cu nanoparticles on modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles using thymbra spicata flower extract: Investigation of its antioxidant and the anti-human lung cancer properties

In recent days, the green synthesized nanomagnetic biocomposites have been evolved with tremendous potential as the future biological agents. This has encouraged us to design and synthesis of a novel Cu NPs supported Thyme flower extract modified magnetic nanomaterial (Fe₃O₄/Thyme-Cu). It was meticulously characterized using advanced analytical techniques like FT-IR, FESEM, TEM, EDX, VSM, XRD and ICP-OES. After the characterization, the synthesized Fe₃O₄/Thyme-Cu nanocomposite was engaged in biological assays like study of anti-oxidant properties by DPPH mediated free radical scavenging test using BHT as a reference molecule. Thereafter, on having a significant IC50 value in radical scavenging assay, we extended the bio-application of the desired nanocomposite in anticancer study of A549, Calu6 and H358 human lung cell lines in-vitro through MTT assay. They had very low cell viability and high anti-human lung cancer activities dose-dependently against A549, Calu6 and H358 cell lines without any cytotoxicity on the normal cell line (MRC-5). The IC50 of Fe₃O₄/Thyme-Cu nanocomposite was 124, 265, and 181 µg/mL against A549, Calu6 and H358 cell lines, respectively. Maybe significant anti-human lung cancer potentials of Fe₃O₄/Thyme-Cu nanocomposite against common lung cancer cell lines are related to their antioxidant activities. So, these results suggest that synthesized Fe₃O₄/Thyme-Cu nanocomposite as a chemotherapeutic nanomaterial have a suitable anticancer activity against lung cell lines.     

Antibacterial,antioxidant and photocatalytic activity of novel Rubus ellipticus leaf mediated silver nanoparticles

Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science that has significant applications in applied sciences. In this study, silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesized utilizing the leaf filtrate of Rubus ellipticus. SNPs were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction patterns to determine their morphology and chemical composition. The surface plasmon resonance of SNPs revealed a peak at 415 nm. The synthesized SNPs were mainly spherical crystals with an average size of 21.43 nm. When compared to plant extract and positive controls (AgNO₃ and penicillin), SNPs demonstrated significant bactericidal activity against all the tested bacteria (gram-positive and gram-negative). The most effective bactericidal activity was found against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.25 µg/mL. In addition, a dose-dependent antioxidant activity of SNPs was found against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical with an average IC50 value of 72.84 µg/mL. The photocatalytic activity of Methylene blue (MB) dye decomposition under sunlight was studied. The results showed that MB degraded by 98 % after 150 min in the sun. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that R. ellipticus biosynthesized SNPs may have bactericidal and photocatalytic effects.     

Cu immobilized on chitosan-modified iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles: Preparation,characterization and investigation of its anti-lung cancer effects

Chitosan is a linear polysaccharide and non-toxic bioactive polymer with a wide variety of applications due to its functional properties such as ease of modification, and biodegradability. In this study, a green protocol for supporting of Cu(II) on chitosan-encapsulated magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles is described. The morphological and physicochemical features of the material were determined using several advanced techniques like fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The average diameter of the NPs was approximately 15–25 nm. In addition, the Fe₃O_/CS/Cu(II) nanocomposite was engaged in biological assays like study of anti-oxidant properties by DPPH mediated free radical scavenging test using BHT as a reference molecule. Thereafter, on having a significant IC₅₀ value in radical scavenging assay, we extended the bio-application of the desired nanocomposite in anticancer study of lung well-differentiated bronchogenic adenocarcinoma, lung moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and lung poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of human lung in-vitro conditions. In the cytotoxicity and anti-human lung studies, the nanocomposite was treated to lung cancer lung well-differentiated bronchogenic adenocarcinoma (HLC-1), lung moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (LC-2/ad), and lung poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (PC-14) cell line following MTT assay. The cell viability of malignant lung cell line reduced dose-dependently in the presence of Fe₃O_/CS/Cu(II) nanocomposite. The recent results suggest that Fe₃O_/CS/Cu(II) nanocomposite have a suitable anticancer activity against lung cell lines.     

Aerva lanata flower extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Their characterization,in vitro antioxidants and antimicrobial investigations

The production of nanoparticles (NPs) using biological methods may lead to the enhancement of clean, non-hazardous, and environmentally acceptable procedures. With this context, in the present study silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using the flower extract of Aerva lanata (A. lanata). The following techniques, including UV–visible spectroscopy, XRD, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), are used to study the crystalline nature, size, shape, and elemental composition of the biosynthesized AgNPs, and antimicrobial applications of the NPs also studied. In UV–visible spectroscopy results a strong absorbance peak at 425 nm confirmed the AgNPs. The SEM results confirmed the spherical shape of the NPs and their average size of 45.05 nm. X-ray diffractometry XRD spectra confirmed the crystalline nature of the AgNPs. Against the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), nitric oxide and superoxide radicals, Alf-AgNPs and ascorbic acid had significant scavenging effects at higher concentration of 250 μg/mL, exhibited 65.76 ± 0.41% and 86.42 ± 0.69%, 78.39 ± 0.49% and 72.72 ± 0.14% and 70.79 ± 0.87% and 72.79 ± 0.33% inhibition, respectively. As produced AgNPs had strong antibacterial and moderate antifungal activities against pathogenic test bacterial strains viz. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) with the maximum zone of inhibition 15 ± 1.07 mm, 12 ± 0.96 mm, 14 ± 1.05 mm, and 15 ± 2.54 mm, respectively at maximum (75 μg/mL) concentration of AgNPs, and the zone of inhibition of fungal strains Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) (9 ± 0.67 mm) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) (7 ± 0.75 mm) at 75 μg/mL. It was eventually concluded that the biosynthesized Alf-AgNPs showed promising antioxidant and antimicrobial agents with very low concentrations.     

Ganoderma applanatum-mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Structural characterization,and in vitro and in vivo biomedical and agrochemical properties

This study presents the use of basidiomycete extracts as an effective platform for “green synthesis” of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Out of seven basidiomycete species, Ganoderma applanatum displayed the highest antimicrobial properties against the tested pathogens. Thus, G. applanatum methanol crude extract was fractionated using column chromatography, and the obtained fractions were subjected to an antimicrobial assay followed by phytochemical analyses using high-performance liquid chromatography to select the best fraction for synthesis of AgNPs. Fraction 3 displayed potent antimicrobial activities as evidenced by its high phenolic content, and thus was used for AgNP biosynthesis. The G. applanatum fraction 3-synthesized AgNPs were then characterized using various microscopy, spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The characteristic features of the synthesized AgNPs indicated the spherical shape of AgNPs with an average size of 20–25 nm. The synthesized AgNPs exhibit high antioxidant capacity, in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and in vivo antifungal properties against Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in tomato and strawberry leaflet assays, respectively. Our results demonstrated that G. applanatum can be efficiently used in synthesis of AgNPs with potent antimicrobial properties, which can be used for both clinical and agrochemical purposes.     

Ultrasonic green synthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated by Pectin: Characterization and evaluation of the cytotoxicity,antioxidant, and colorectal carcinoma properties

Regarding applicative, facile, green chemical research, a bio-inspired approach is being reported for the synthesis of Ag nanoparticles by pectin as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent without using any toxic and harmful reagent. The biosynthesized Pectin/Ag NPs were characterized by advanced physicochemical techniques like ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) study. It has been established that pectin-stabilized silver nanoparticles have a spherical shape with a mean diameter from 15 to 20 nm. After that, the biological performance of those biomolecules functionalized Ag NPs was investigated. In the MTT assay, human colorectal carcinoma (HCT-8 [HRT-18], Ramos.2G6.4C10, HT-29, and HCT 116) and normal cell lines (HUVEC) were used to study the cytotoxicity and anticancer potential of human colorectal over the AgNO₃ and Pectin/Ag NPs. The cell viability of Pectin/Ag NPs was very low against human colorectal carcinoma cell lines without any cytotoxicity on the normal (HUVEC) cell line. The best anti-human colorectal carcinoma properties of Pectin/Ag NPs against the above cell lines was in the case of the HCT 116 cell line. The antioxidant properties of the AgNO₃ and Pectin/Ag NPs were calculated against DPPH free radicals. The IC50 of Pectin/Ag NPs was 167 µg/mL. According to the above results, the Pectin/Ag NPs may be administrated to treat human colorectal carcinoma in humans.     

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Echium vulgare: Characterisation,quantitative analysis of bioactive compounds,antioxidant activity and catalytic degradation

Nanotechnology has a great significance owing to its large variety of applications. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@Ev) were produced using water extract of Echium vulgare aerial part by a simple, nontoxic, eco-friendly method. The spectroscopic study identified the structure of AgNPs@Ev. The absorption was detected as 460 nm by UV/Vis spectrophotometer. TEM analysis presented the morphology of nanostructures and particle size was calculated as 9.55 nm. XRD pattern showed the structure to be face-centered cubic unit cell. EDS analysis verified the presence of elemental silver. DLS and zeta potential analyses were executed by Zetasizer. The stability of nanostructures was revealed by the zeta potential analysis (−3.1 mV). The degradation performance of AgNPs@Ev on methylene blue was evaluated by UV/Vis spectrophotometer and 64% of methylene blue was degraded after 40 h. Quantitative analysis of natural compounds was performed by HPLC and isoquercitrin (1.32 mg/g extract), naringin (1.15 mg/g extract) were detected as major products. Antioxidant activity of extract and nanoparticles were achieved. AgNPs@Ev exhibited excellent DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP activities (IC₅₀, 6.8 μg/mL), (IC₅₀, 2.3 μg/mL), (5.3 μmol/g sample) respectively.     

Phytofabrication of silver nanoparticles from Limonia acidissima leaf extract and their antimicrobial,antioxidant and its anticancer prophecy

Green synthesis of nanoparticles by eco-friendly methods is a recent technique which draws the attention of researchers because of the reward over many conventional chemical methods. The present work focuses on aqueous Limonia acidissima leaf extract in synthesizing silver nanoparticles and its applications in a simple way. The silver nanoparticles formed were characterized by Infrared, Ultra violet-visible, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopic, and atomic force microscopic techniques. The powder X-ray diffraction studies and transmission electron microscopic images reveal that the silver nanoparticles synthesized were approximately 10–40 nm and have a spherical structure. The nanoparticles were assayed for their antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity. The antimicrobial studies for the silver nanoparticles show a maximum zone of inhibition of 8.8 mm for Bacillus subtilis bacteria and 8.5 mm for Candida albicans fungi at 3 and 1 μg/mL respectively. In-silico ADMET studies reveal that the toxicity, bioactivity, pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness properties of Limonia acidissima leaf extract is good. The molecular docking studies show that the microbial activity is high for Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans showing the coincidence of the in silico and in vitro studies as expected. The free radical scavenging activity of nanoparticles is 80 for 100 μg/mL. The 50% of inhibition of silver nanoparticles against human breast cancer cell lines is 18 μg/mL. It is evident that silver nanoparticles would be helpful in treating cancer cell lines and have great perspectives in the biomedical sector.     

Characterization and cytotoxicity and antihuman renal cell carcinoma potentials of starch capped-copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized by ultrasonic irradiation: Introducing a novel chemotherapeutic drug

In this research article we have demonstrated the sustainable green synthesis of a novel starch templated CuO NP following a clean and non-hazardous pathway. Ultrasonic irradiation was used to promote the reaction in alkaline medium. The numerous hydroxyl groups present in starch was exploited in the green reduction of immobilized copper ions in situ. They also helped to stabilize the as synthesized Cu NPs by encapsulation or capping. The morphology and physicochemical characteristics were ascertained over an array of analytical techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Elemental Mapping, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). Biologically, the nanocomposite exhibited excellent cytotoxicity against human renal cell carcinoma (RCC-GH, CaKi-2 and HEK293) cell lines without affecting the normal (HUVEC) cell line. IC₅₀ values of the nanocomposite were found at 139, 208and 125 against RCC-GH, CaKi-2 and HEK293 cell lines respectively and accordingly, HEK293 afforded the best adenocarcinoma activity.     

Pectin mediated green synthesis of Fe3O4/Pectin nanoparticles under ultrasound condition as an anti-human colorectal carcinoma bionanocomposite

This work described the one-pot synthesis of apple pectin encapsulated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄/Pectin NPs) which is prepared by co-precipitation of Fe(II/(III) ions in alkaline solution mediated by pectin under ultrasound condition. This process led to formation of magnetic nanoparticles within the network of pectin. Physicochemical characterization of the as-synthesized Fe₃O₄/Pectin NPs was carried out through electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The in vitro cytotoxic and anti-colorectal cancer effects of biologically synthesized Fe₃O₄/Pectin NPs against Ramos.2G6.4C10, HCT-8 [HRT-18], HCT 116, and HT-29 cancer cell lines were assessed. The anti-colorectal cancer properties of the Fe₃O₄/Pectin NPs could significantly remove Ramos.2G6.4C10, HCT-8 [HRT-18], HCT 116, and HT-29 cancer cell lines in a time and concentration-dependent manner by MTT assay. The IC₅₀ of the Fe₃O₄/Pectin NPs were 317, 337, 187, and 300 µg/mL against Ramos.2G6.4C10, HCT-8 [HRT-18], HCT 116, and HT-29 cancer cell lines. The antioxidant activity of Fe₃O₄/Pectin NPs was determined by DPPH method. The Fe₃O₄/Pectin NPs showed the high antioxidant activity according to the IC₅₀ value. It seems that the anti-human colorectal cancer effect of recent nanoparticles is due to their antioxidant effects.     

Plant extract mediated synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles and its antibacterial activity against clinically isolated pathogens

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles is under exploration is due to wide biomedical applications and research interest in nanotechnology. Bioreduction of silver nitrate (AgNO(3)) and chloroauric acid (HAuCl(4)) for the synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles respectively with the plant extract, Mentha piperita (Lamiaceae). The plant extract is mixed with AgNO(3) and HAuCl(2), incubated and studied synthesis of nanoparticles using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, SEM equipped with EDS. The silver nanoparticles synthesized were generally found to be spherical in shape with 90 nm, whereas the synthesized gold nanoparticles were found to be 150 nm. The results showed that the leaf extract of menthol is very good bioreductant for the synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles and synthesized nanoparticles active against clinically isolated human pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.     

Cinnamon zeylanicum bark extract and powder mediated green synthesis of nano-crystalline silver particles and its bactericidal activity

The exploitation of various plant materials for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles is considered a green technology as it does not involve any harmful chemicals. The present study reports the synthesis of silver (Ag) nanoparticles from silver precursor using the bark extract and powder of novel Cinnamon zeylanicum. Water-soluble organics present in the plant materials were mainly responsible for the reduction of silver ions to nano-sized Ag particles. TEM and XRD results confirmed the presence of nano-crystalline Ag particles. The pH played a major role in size control of the particles. Bark extract produced more Ag nanoparticles than the powder did, which was attributed to the large availability of the reducing agents in the extract. Zeta potential studies showed that the surface charge of the formed nanoparticles was highly negative. The EC₅₀ value of the synthesized nanoparticles against Escherichia coli BL-21 strain was 11 ± 1.72 mg/L. ThusC. zeylanicum bark extract and powder are a good bio-resource/biomaterial for the synthesis of Ag nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity.     

Pistacia atlantica leaf extract mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antioxidant,cytotoxicity, and antibacterial effects under in vitro condition

Recently, researchers have investigated the therapeutical properties of metal nanoparticles especially silver nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo conditions. The aim of the experiment was green synthesis and chemical characterization of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Pistacia atlantica leaf (Ag NPs) and evaluation of their cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects under in vitro condition. Ag NPs were spherical with a size range of 40-60 nm and characterized using various analysis techniques including UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy to determine the presence of Ag NP in the solution. We studied functional groups of Pistacia atlantica extract in the reduction and capping process of Ag NP by FT-IR, crystallinity and FCC planes by XRD pattern, elemental analysis of the sample by EDS, and surface morphology, shapes, and size of Ag NPs by SEM, AFM, and TEM. Destroy initiation and termination temperatures of the Ag NPs were determined by TGA. DPPH free radical scavenging test was done to evaluate the antioxidant potentials, which indicated similar antioxidant potentials for Ag NPs and butylated hydroxytoluene. The synthesized Ag NPs had great cell viability dose-dependently and indicated this method was nontoxic. Agar diffusion tests were done to determine the antibacterial characteristic. Ag NPs revealed similar antibacterial property to the standard antibiotic. Also, Ag NPs prevented the growth of all bacteria at 1-7 μg/ml concentrations and removed them at 3-15 μg/ml concentrations. Finally, synthesized Ag NPs revealed non-cytotoxicity, antioxidant and antibacterial activities in a dose-depended manner.     

Pulmonary protective effects of ultrasonic green synthesis of gold nanoparticles mediated by pectin on Methotrexate-induced acute lung injury in lung BEAS-2B,WI-38, CCD-19Lu,IMR-90, MRC-5, and HEL 299 cell lines

Regarding applicative, facile, green chemical research, a bio-inspired approach is being reported for the synthesis of Au nanoparticles by pectin (PEC) as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent without using any toxic and harmful reagent under ultrasonic condition. The biosynthesized Au NPs@PEC were characterized by advanced physicochemical techniques like ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) study. It has been established that pectin-stabilized Au nanoparticles have a spherical shape with a mean diameter from 5 to 10 nm. In the medicinal part of the present research, the lung BEAS-2B, WI-38, CCD-19Lu, IMR-90, MRC-5, and HEL 299 cell viability was determined by trypan blue assay. The caspase activity colorimetric assay kit and Rhodamine123 fluorescence dye were used to determine the caspase-3 activity and mitochondrial membrane potential, respectively. Apoptosis and DNA fragmentation were determined by the TUNEL test. Also, the inflammatory cytokines concentrations were evaluated by the Rat inflammatory cytokine assay kit. Au NPs@PEC-treated cell cutlers decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) the caspase-3 activity, inflammatory cytokines concentrations, and DNA fragmentation, and enhanced the mitochondrial membrane potential and cell viability in the high concentration of Methotrexate-treated lung BEAS-2B, WI-38, CCD-19Lu, IMR-90, MRC-5, and HEL 299 cells. In the antioxidant test, the IC50 of Au NPs@PEC nanocomposite and BHT against DPPH free radicals were 203 and 181 µg/mL, respectively. Finally, Au NPs@PEC may be used as a pulmonary protective supplement to treat acute lung injury.     

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by bloom forming marine microalgae Trichodesmium erythraeum and its applications in antioxidant,drug-resistant bacteria,and cytotoxicity activity

In the present study, we developed an eco-friendly method of stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) production using the aqueous extract of Trichodesmium erythraeum. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results affirmed that synthesized AgNPs were crystalline in nature, cubical in shape, and the average size of T. erythraeum silver nanoparticles (TENPs) was 26.5 nm. The antioxidant potential of synthesized AgNPs (500 µg/ml) was 77.01 ± 0.17% in DPPH, 67.5 ± 0.22% in Deoxy-ribose, 52.77 ± 0.42% in ABTS and 88.12 ± 0.26% in nitric oxide radical scavenging assays. The antibacterial results showed excellent inhibition against the clinical strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis) and drug-resistant bacterial strains such as E. coli (Amikacin^R), S. aureus (Tetracycline^R) and S. pneumoniae (Penicillin^R). The maximum anti-proliferative effect of TENPs was seen using 50 µg concentration against He La and MCF-7 cell lines, and IC₅₀ values were 25.0 ± 0.50 µg/ml and 30.0 ± 0.50 µg/ml, respectively, at 24 h.