Decorated CuO nanoparticles over chitosan-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles: Investigation of its anti-colon carcinoma and anti-gastric cancer effects

In this study, a green protocol for supporting CuO nanoparticles over chitosan-modified amino-magnetic nanoparticles is described. The physicochemical and morphological properties of the desired nanocomposite assessed by various techniques like ICP, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, TEM, XRD and VSM. In the oncological part of the recent study, the Cu(NO₃)₂, Fe₃O₄, and Fe₃O₄-NH₂@CS/CuO nanocomposite cell viability was very low against human gastric cancer cell lines i.e. MKN45, AGS, and KATO III and human colorectal carcinoma cell lines i.e. HT-29, HCT 116, HCT-8 [HRT-18], and Ramos.2G6.4C10. The IC50 of Fe₃O₄-NH₂@CS/CuO nanocomposite against MKN45, AGS, KATO III, HT-29, HCT 116, HCT-8 [HRT-18], and Ramos.2G6.4C10 cell lines were 517, 525, 544, 282, 214, 420, and 477 µg/mL, respectively. Thereby, the best anti-gastro-duodenal cancers findings of our Fe₃O₄-NH₂@CS/CuO nanocomposite was seen in the HCT 116 cell line case.     

Ultrasonic green synthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated by Pectin: Characterization and evaluation of the cytotoxicity,antioxidant, and colorectal carcinoma properties

Regarding applicative, facile, green chemical research, a bio-inspired approach is being reported for the synthesis of Ag nanoparticles by pectin as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent without using any toxic and harmful reagent. The biosynthesized Pectin/Ag NPs were characterized by advanced physicochemical techniques like ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) study. It has been established that pectin-stabilized silver nanoparticles have a spherical shape with a mean diameter from 15 to 20 nm. After that, the biological performance of those biomolecules functionalized Ag NPs was investigated. In the MTT assay, human colorectal carcinoma (HCT-8 [HRT-18], Ramos.2G6.4C10, HT-29, and HCT 116) and normal cell lines (HUVEC) were used to study the cytotoxicity and anticancer potential of human colorectal over the AgNO₃ and Pectin/Ag NPs. The cell viability of Pectin/Ag NPs was very low against human colorectal carcinoma cell lines without any cytotoxicity on the normal (HUVEC) cell line. The best anti-human colorectal carcinoma properties of Pectin/Ag NPs against the above cell lines was in the case of the HCT 116 cell line. The antioxidant properties of the AgNO₃ and Pectin/Ag NPs were calculated against DPPH free radicals. The IC50 of Pectin/Ag NPs was 167 µg/mL. According to the above results, the Pectin/Ag NPs may be administrated to treat human colorectal carcinoma in humans.     

Biosynthesis of Au NPs over modified Fe3O4 support using Rubia Tinctorum extract for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma in the in vitro condition: A pre-clinical trial study

In this study, an eco-friendly and low-cost procedure for the synthesis of Rubia Tinctorum plant extract modified magnetic nanocomposite (RT/Fe₃O₄) has been demonstrated. Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) were further decorated in situ over the designed RT/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite exploiting the plant derived phytochemicals as bio-reductant and stabilizer. The resulting Au NPs@RT/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite was characterized by various analytical methods like Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) elemental mapping, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) analysis. The Au NPs@RT/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite has been explored biologically in the anticancer and antioxidant assays. In the antioxidant test, the IC50 of Au NPs@RT/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals were 155 and 129 µg/ml, respectively. In the cellular and molecular part of the recent study, the treated cells with Au NPs@RT/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for 48 h about the cytotoxicity and anti-human colon carcinoma properties on normal (HUVECs), colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29), colorectal carcinoma (HCT 116), ileocecal colorectal adenocarcinoma (HCT-8 [HRT-18]), and Burkitt's lymphoma (Ramos.2G6.4C10) cell lines. The viability of malignant colon cell line reduced dose-dependently in the presence of Au NPs@RT/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite. The IC50 of Au NPs@RT/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite were 250, 256, 212, and 197 µg/ml against Ramos.2G6.4C10, HCT-8 [HRT-18], HCT 116, and HT-29 cell lines, respectively.     

Nanotheranostic fabrication of iron oxide for rapid photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes and antifungal potential

This research work includes the fabrication of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₂O₃ NPs) by green construction approach using Wisteria sinensis leaves extract. Due to its eco-friendly approach, the synthesis of iron oxide NPs (Fe₂O₃ NPs) using various plant sources, such as plant parts, and microbial cells have gained a lot of attention in recent years. Cost-effectiveness and ease of availability make Wisteria sinensis leaves extract a potential candidate for the construction of iron oxide NPs. The various key features like biocompatibility, non-toxicity capping, and stabilizing agents present in biological sources are advantageous for usage in a variety of applications. The phytoconstituents present in the leaf extract of Wisteria sinensis serve as reducing and stabilizing agents. The biologically fabricated (Fe₂O₃ NPs) were analyzed using FT-IR, XRD, UV–vis spectroscopy, and SEM. In the present work, the antioxidant and photocatalytic dye degradation efficiency of Fe₂O₃ NPs has been studied. The dye degradation efficiency of methylene blue dye was found to be 87% at 180 min upon exposure to sunlight. The capacity of Fe₂O₃ NPs to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate free radicals (DPPH) was examined using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The study compared the radical scavenging activity (RSA) of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles (NPs) with that of the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid. The results demonstrated that Fe₂O₃ NPs have a greater ability to scavenge radicals than ascorbic acid. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Fe₂O₃ NPs was observed to range from 0.12 to 0.17. Furthermore, Fe₂O₃ NPs displayed the highest antifungal activity, with an inhibition zone of 26.8 mm against F. oxysporum. These findings suggest that the biologically synthesized Fe₂O₃ NPs possess potent antimicrobial and dye degradation properties.     

Removal of arsenic from aqueous solution: A study of the effects of pH and interfering ions using iron oxide nanomaterials

Nanophase Fe₃O₄ and Fe₂O₃ were synthesized through a precipitation method and were utilized for the removal of either arsenic (III) or (V) from aqueous solution as a possible method for drinking water treatment. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, which showed that the Fe₃O₄ and the Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles had crystal structures of magnetite and hematite, respectively. In addition, Secherrer's equation was used to determine that the grain size nanoparticles were 12 ± 1.0 nm and 17 ± 0.5 nm for the Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄, respectively. Under a 1 h contact time, batch pH experiments were performed to determine the optimum pH for binding using 300 ppb of either As(III) or (V) and 10 mg of either Fe₃O₄ or Fe₂O₃. The binding was observed to be pH independent from pH 6 through pH 9 and a significant drop in the binding was observed at pH 10. Furthermore, batch isotherm studies were performed using the Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄ to determine the binding capacity of As(III) and As(V) to the iron oxide nanomaterials. The binding was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm and the capacities (mg/kg) of 1250 (Fe₂O₃) and 8196 (Fe₃O₄) for As(III) as well as 20,000 (Fe₂O₃) and 5680 (Fe₃O₄) for As(III), at 1 and 24 h of contact time, respectively. The As(V) capacities were determined to be 4600 (Fe₂O₃), 6711(Fe₃O₄), 4904 (Fe₂O₃), and 4780 (Fe₃O₄) mg/kg for nanomaterials at contact times of 1 and 24 h respectively.     

Magnetically recyclable Schiff-based palladium nanocatalyst [Fe3O4@SiNSB-Pd] and its catalytic applications in Heck reaction

A magnetically separable palladium nanocatalyst has been synthesized through the immobilization of palladium onto 3-aminopropylphenanthroline Schiff based functionalized silica coated superparamagnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The nanocatalyst (Fe₃O₄@SiNSB-Pd) was fully characterized using several spectroscopic techniques, such as FT-IR, HR-SEM, TEM, XRD, ICP, and XPS. The microscopic image of Fe₃O₄ showed spherical shape morphology and had an average size of 150 nm. The Pd-nanoparticles exhibited an average size 3.5 ± 0.6 nm. The successful functionalization of Fe₃O₄@SiNSB-Pd was identified by FT-IR spectroscopy and the appearance of palladium species in Fe₃O₄@SiNSB-Pd was confirmed by XRD analysis. While XPS has been utilized for the determination of the chemical oxidation state of palladium species in Fe₃O₄@SiNSB-Pd. Several activated and deactivated arene halides and olefines were employed for Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reactions in the presence of Fe₃O₄@SiNSB-Pd, each of which produced the respective cross-coupling products with excellent yields. The Fe₃O₄@SiNSB-Pd shows good reactivity and reusability for up to seven consecutive cycles.     

Synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2-Au/Cu magnetic nanoparticles and its efficient catalytic performance for the Ullmann coupling reaction of bromamine acid

Over bimetallic Au/Cu catalyst supported on magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, water-mediated bromamine acid could be selectively converted into 4,4'-diamino-1,1'-dianthraquinonyl-3,3'-disulfonic acid (DAS) with a yield of 88.67%. The magnetic catalyst could be readily separated and reused.     

Green synthesis,characterization and anti-cancer capability of Co0.5Ni0.5Nd0.02Fe1.98O4 nanocomposites

In this study, Co_0.5Ni_0.5Nd_0.02Fe_1.98O₄ nanoparticles CoNiNd (NPs) were synthesized by combustion method linked with biosynthesis with and without different plant extracts such as Lavender, Ginger, Flax-Seed, Lemon Juice, Tragacanth Gum, and Dates Fruit. Co_0.5Ni_0.5Nd_0.02Fe_1.98O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) with plant extracts (CoNiNd plant extracts) were analyzed by XRD, TEM and SEM methods. The structure of Co-Ni spinel ferrite was confirmed by XRD and the shape and the size of nanoparticles were examined via SEM and TEM and the size was found between 17 and 25 nm. The anti-cancer activity of NPs on cancer cells such as human colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116) and human cervical cells (Hela) were investigated. The cytotoxicity of was examined by MTT assay and followed by measuring the inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values after 48 h treatments. The cell viability assay confirmed a decrease in the cancer cell viability post NPs treatments and showed dose-dependent inhibitory action. The treatments of CoNiNd (NPs) and CoNiNd plant extracts via Lavender plant extract showed most profound inhibitory action on both cancer cells than extracts other plant extracts. The IC₅₀ values were for HCT-116 cells were found to be in range of 15.75–42.55 µg/mL and 13.44 to 35.65 µg/mL for HeLa cells. In contrast, the treatment of CoNiNd (NPs) and CoNiNd plant extracts showed inhibitory action but the percentage of inhibition was higher in HEK-293 cells. Our results showed that CoNiNd (NPs) and CoNiNd plant extracts possess potential application in the colon and cervical cancer treatments and we recommend molecular analysis of NPs mediated cancer cell death for future applications.     

Iron (III) nanocomposites for enzyme-less biomimetic cathode: A promising material for use in biofuel cells

In this paper, we discuss the synthesis and electrochemical properties of a new material based on iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDAC); this material can be used as a biomimetic cathode material for the reduction of H₂O₂ in biofuel cells. A metastable phase of iron oxide and iron hydroxide nanoparticles (PDAC–FeOOH/Fe₂O₃-NPs) was synthesized through a single procedure. On the basis of the Stokes–Einstein equation, colloidal particles (diameter: 20 nm) diffused at a considerably slow rate (D = 0.9 × 10^? 11 m s^? 1) as compared to conventional molecular redox systems. The quasi-reversible electrochemical process was attributed to the oxidation and reduction of Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ from PDAC–FeOOH/Fe₂O₃-NPs; in a manner similar to redox enzymes, it acted as a pseudo-prosthetic group. Further, PDAC–FeOOH/Fe₂O₃-NPs was observed to have high electrocatalytic activity for H₂O₂ reduction along with a significant overpotential shift, ΔE = 0.68 V from ? 0.29 to 0.39 V, in the presence and absence of PDAC–FeOOH/Fe₂O₃-NPs. The abovementioned iron oxide nanoparticles are very promising as candidates for further research on biomimetic biofuel cells, suggesting two applications: the preparation of modified electrodes for direct use as cathodes and use as a supporting electrolyte together with H₂O₂.     

Investigation of Iron-based Nanoparticles Action by Solid-phase Voltammetry

The electrochemical conversion of Fe₂O₃ nano-particles from the surface of carbon paste electrode was investigated by solid-phase voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetric curves of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles transformations were recorded in direct current (first derivative) mode with a potential change at the speed of 80-90 mV/s in the potential range from -1.2 to +1.0 V. The dependence of the anodic peak of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles on exposure time in a background electrolyte was researched and the method for identifying and quantification of solid-phase nanoparticles of Fe₂O₃ was developed. The results of determination were tested by a standard addition method.     

Mesoporous Fe2O3 nanoparticles as high performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

This work introduces an effective, inexpensive, and large-scale production approach to the synthesis of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with a favorable configuration that 5 nm iron oxide domains in diameter assembled into a mesoporous network. The phase structure, morphology, and pore nature were characterized systematically. When used as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, the mesoporous Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles exhibit excellent cycling performance (1009 mA h g^− 1 at 100 mA g^− 1 up to 230 cycles) and rate capability (reversible charging capacity of 420 mA h g^− 1 at 1000 mA g^− 1 during 230 cycles). This research suggests that the mesoporous Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles could be suitable as a high rate performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries.     

Facile synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles by reduction phase transformation from γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in organic solvent

A phase transformation induced by the reduction of as-synthesized γ-maghemite (γ-Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles was performed in solution by exploiting the reservoir of reduction gas (CO) generated from the incomplete combustion reaction of organic substances in the reactor. Results from X-ray diffraction, color indicator, and magnetic analysis using a SQUID strongly support this phase transformation. Based on this route, monodisperse magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles were simply produced in the range from 260 to 300 °C. Almost all aspects of the original γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles, such as shape, size, and monodispersity, were maintained in the produced Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles.     

Design,synthesis and molecular modeling studies of few chalcone analogues of benzimidazole for epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor in search of useful anticancer agent

In the present investigation, few 3-(substitutedphenyl)-1-[2-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)]-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-ones are EGFR antagonist are designed, by molecular docking analysis. The synthesized compounds were tested for their in vitro anticancer activity by propidium iodide fluorescent assay and Trypan blue viability assay against colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116) and non-small cell lung cancer cell lines (H460). Human Epithelial Kidney cell lines (HEK) are used as normal cell lines for studying effect of drug on non-cancerous cells within human body. Evaluation of cytotoxic studies of synthesized compounds CHL(1–8) reveal that compound CHL1 [IC₅₀ = 7.31 and 10.16 μM against HCT116 and H460 cell lines respectively, by PI assay] and CHL8 [IC₅₀ = 12.52 and 6.83 against HCT116 and H460 μM cell lines respectively] possess promising cytotoxic activity.     

Direct reversible voltammetry and electrocatalysis with surface-stabilised Fe2O3 redox states

Nanoparticle film voltammetry is employed to explore the presence and reactivity of surface-stabilised iron redox centers at the interface of immobilised Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles of ca. 4 nm diameter and aqueous buffer media. Mesoporous films of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles on tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) substrates are formed in a layer-by-layer deposition process from aqueous colloidal Fe₂O₃ and aqueous cyclohexyl-hexacarboxylate followed by thermal (500 °C) removal of the organic binder content. Both reversible oxidation and reversible reduction responses for Fe(III) are observed in phosphate and carbonate buffer media in the “underpotential” zone. Higher oxidation states of iron formed anodically (here tentatively assigned to Fe(IV)) are shown to be inert in phosphate buffer media but reactive towards the oxidation of glucose in carbonate buffer media.     

Preparation of hybrid hollow capsules formed with Fe3O4 and polyelectrolytes via the layer-by-layer assembly and the aqueous solution process

Well-defined magnetic hybrid hollow capsules formed with magnetite (Fe₃O₄) and polyelectrolyte-multilayer films were successfully prepared through colloidal templating with layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolytes, followed by aqueous solution deposition of Fe₃O₄. Pd catalyst nanoparticles played an important role in the deposition of Fe₃O₄. Pd nanoparticles favorably adsorbed onto the polyelectrolyte layer with positively charged amino groups. Hollow capsules were obtained by the removal of the melamine–formaldehyde core particles. Although the processes were performed in aqueous solutions at temperatures less than 60 °C, X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the deposited Fe₃O₄ was highly crystallized. The hollow capsules were stably dispersed in water; however, the capsules rapidly congregated around a locally applied magnet.     

Recyclable Fenton-like catalyst based on zeolite Y supported ultrafine,highly-dispersed Fe2O3 nanoparticles for removal of organics under mild conditions

The active Fenton-like catalyst, obtained by highly dispersed Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles in size of 5 nm on the surface of zeolite Y, shows the excellent degradation efficiency to phenol higher than 90% under the mild conditions of room temperature and neutral solution, and the catalyst can be easily recovered with stable catalytic activity for 8 cycles.     

Lithium storage in hollow spherical ZnFe2O4 as anode materials for lithium ion batteries

Hollow microspheres composed of phase-pure ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles (hierarchically structured) have been prepared by hydrothermal reaction. The unique hollow spherical structure significantly increases the specific capacity and improves capacity retention of this material. The product of each phase transition during initial discharge (ZnFe₂O₄ ? Li_0.5ZnFe₂O₄ ? Li₂ZnFe₂O₄ → Li₂O + Li–Zn + Fe) and their structural reversibility are recognized by X-ray diffraction and electrochemical characterization. The products of the deeply discharged (Li–Zn alloy and Fe) and recharged materials (Fe₂O₃) were clarified based on high resolution transmission electron microscopic technique and first-principle calculations.     

Green synthesis of plant-stabilized Au nanoparticles for the treatment of gastric carcinoma

In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were green synthesized using plant extract. The obtained nanoparticles (Au NPs) were characterized by advanced physical and chemical techniques like TEM, FTIR, UV–vis, SEM, XRD and EDX. SEM image displayed the quasi-spherical shaped nanoparticles of mean diameter 20–50 nm. All the particles were of uniform shape and texture. From the XRD pattern, four distinct diffraction peaks at 38.2°, 44.2°, 64.7° and 77.4° are indexed as (1 1 1), (2 0 0), (2 2 0) and (3 1 1) planes of fcc metallic gold. The in vitro cytotoxic and anti-gastric carcinoma effects of biologically synthesized Au NPs against cancer cell lines were assessed. The IC₅₀ of the Au NPs were 192, 149, 76 and 85 µg/mL against NCI-N87, MKN45, GC1401 and GC1436 gastric cancer cell lines. The anti-gastric carcinoma properties of the Au NPs could significantly remove the cancer cell lines in a time and concentration-dependent manner. So, the findings of the recent research show that biologically synthesized Au NPs might be used to cure cancer.     

P-type silicon nanowire-based nano-floating gate memory with Au nanoparticles embedded in Al2O3 gate layers

P-type Si nanowire (NW)-based nano-floating gate memory (NFGM) with Au nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in Al₂O₃ gate layers is characterized in this study. The electrical characteristics of a representative p-type Si NW-based NFGM exhibit a counterclockwise hysteresis loop indicating the trapping and detrapping of electrons in the Au NP nodes of the NFGM device. The threshold voltage shift of the device is 5.4 V and the device has good retention over a lapse of time of 5 × 10⁴ s. On the other hand, the p-type Si NW-based top-gate device without any Au NPs does not exhibit any significant threshold voltage shift. This observation reveals that the memory behavior of the p-type Si NW-based NFGM is due to the trapping and detrapping of charge carriers in the Au NPs.     

Magnetite/carbon core-shell nanorods as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Carbon coated magnetite (Fe₃O₄) core-shell nanorods were synthesized by a hydrothermal method using Fe₂O₃ nanorods as the precursor. Transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) and high resolution TEM (HRTEM) analysis indicated that a carbon layer was coated on the surfaces of the individual Fe₃O₄ nanorods. The electrochemical properties of Fe₃O₄/carbon nanorods as anodes in lithium-ion cells were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, ac impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge/discharge techniques. The as-prepared Fe₃O₄/C core-shell nanorods show an initial lithium storage capacity of 1120 mAh/g and a reversible capacity of 394 mAh/g after 100 cycles, demonstrating better performance than that of the commercial graphite anode material.