基于数字锁相放大技术的强噪声背景下检测微弱信号教学实验

介绍了锁相放大技术在噪声背景下检测微弱交流信号的原理,研制出结合锁相放大器使用的微弱信号检测教学设备及其实验系统.利用OE1022型锁相放大器进行噪声中微弱交流信号测量实验,验证该系统功能.实验结果表明:使用该实验系统可以准确检测淹没在有效值比自身高104的白噪声中的微伏级交流信号.     

基于锁相放大原理的微弱光信号检测系统设计

为了解决强噪声背景下微弱光信号检测难的问题,介绍了一种基于锁相放大原理的微弱光信号检测系统。系统采用对1 550nm的DFB激光进行调制的方法产生前级信号,利用PIN光电二极管产生的电流信号作为原始信号,经过前级放大、锁相放大及低通滤波电路还原调制信号。系统采用OPA124作为前级运放,AD630作为锁相放大器,参考信号和调制信号均由DDS芯片AD9850产生。滤波电路、移相电路和调制电路均采用高精度运放OP07来设计。实验结果表明,该系统具有很高的线性度,灵敏度为4.51V/V,精度大于0.05%,是一种高精度、高实用性的微弱光信号检测系统。     

基于模糊辨识算法的蓄电池荷电状态测量方法与模块设计

针对蓄电池荷电状态在线监测中对准确度和测量速度的要求,本文提出采用模糊辨识算法对蓄电池进行系统辨识。并通过对蓄电池的荷电状态与内阻、端电压数据的分析,建立了蓄电池荷电状态的模糊规则模型,并以此进行蓄电池荷电状态的测量,得到均方误差为0.0052。测量结果表明基于模糊辨识算法的蓄电池荷电状态测量能够满足蓄电池在线监测的要求,且易于硬件实现。文章还使用DSP Builder设计了蓄电池荷电状态测量模块,其中内阻测量采用了特征分解谱估计的信号提取方法,荷电状态测量则实现了模糊辨识算法所得出的模糊规则模型的运用。     

OE5001微弱信号检测教学实验箱(配套数字锁相放大器使用)

正锁相放大器特征参数:测量信号的频率范围为1mHz至102kHz;满量程刻度输出时的输入电平为1nV至1V;时间常数为10μs至3ks,动态储备大于100dB。教学实验箱功能:强噪声背景下信号提取、微小阻抗测量、白噪声测量、声速测量等。并配套教学视频及教学讲义。概述中山大学物理学国家级示范中心从事微弱信号检测的科研及教学仪器十多年,推出了一系列面向科研及实验教学的微弱信号检测仪器,并申请了数十项专利。在科研方面推出的数字锁相放大器OE1022在稳定性、收敛     

面向脉冲量子级联激光器气体检测的锁相放大器

为了在基于脉冲式中红外量子级联激光器的气体检测系统中,精确提取窄脉冲传感信号的幅度,设计并实现了一种微秒级窄脉冲锁相放大器.根据微秒级窄脉冲的特点,窄脉冲信号经过窄带通滤波电路,得到基频正弦波信号,再经过主放大、移相、相敏检波电路,得到与脉冲幅值有关的直流信号.利用信号发生器产生的幅度、频率、相位可调的窄脉冲待测信号,对锁相放大器进行功能验证实验.结果表明,锁相放大器输出直流信号与输入信号的幅度呈良好的线性关系,线性拟合度约为98.043%;信号幅值的相对测量误差不超过3%;在1 h的测试时间内,信号波动范围在1‰以内.利用配备的不同浓度的一氧化碳样品及研制的锁相放大器,开展了一氧化碳气体检测实验.在0~180 ppm范围内,随着一氧化碳浓度的增加,锁相放大器的输出电压值与一氧化碳浓度呈现良好的e指数关系.根据A11an方差预测的系统检测下限为0.4123ppm.与商用锁相放大器相比,该放大器具有体积小、成本低、易于集成等特点,在基于脉冲式中红外量子级联激光器的气体检测中具有较好的应用前景.     

基于变分模态分解和对称相关的目标舰船线谱检测

线谱检测是水下目标识别中的一个重要研究方向。针对舰船辐射噪声线谱信号检测与提取的需求,该文改进提出了一种基于变分模态分解和对称相关的降噪处理方法,研究了与目标线谱信号不相关的加性高斯噪声消除办法。假设舰船辐射噪声除线谱成分外均为高斯噪声,对舰船辐射噪声中线谱成分进行检测。理论推导、仿真计算与实验数据处理结果均表明,该文提出的方法能较好地检测加性高斯噪声背景下的线谱成分,较传统的相关方法更为有效。     

利用小波多尺度分解算法实现混沌系统的噪声减缩

应用小波多尺度分解算法进行噪声减缩,从混沌背景中分离周期信号、噪声及其他混沌信号.小波多尺度分解算法能够区分不同尺度的信号是利用小波变换在时、频两域具有突出信号特征的能力以及小波变换是一线性变换的特点.提出的方法仅利用信号的尺度特性,克服了先前的噪声减缩要知道产生混沌信号的数学模型,并且要求叠加在混沌背景中的其他信号的幅度相对混沌背景信号的幅度很小的假定.给出了从Lorenz混沌背景中提取正弦信号、白噪声和Chua's电路产生的混沌信号的计算机模拟结果. 关键词：     

混沌直接序列扩频信号盲解调的硬件电路实现

提出了基于现场可编程门阵列 (FPGA) 技术的混沌直接序列扩频信号盲解调的硬件电路实现方法. 设计了混沌直接序列扩频信号发射机与接收机. 发射机可产生10种不同的混沌直接序列扩频信号. 为方便接收机的硬件电路实现, 对无先导卡尔曼滤波混沌拟合盲解调算法进行了简化, 在简化模型的基础上设计了接收机硬件结构. 提出了一种动态调整偏移因子的新方法, 使接收机能实时适应混沌映射的变化. 通过高斯白噪声信道及多径信道条件下的盲解调实验, 验证了盲解调算法硬件实现的抗噪声与抗多径性能, 以及对10种不同的混沌直接序列扩频信号的自适应破译效果. 关键词： FPGA 混沌直接序列扩频通信 盲解调     

基于奇异值分解的随机共振特征提取研究

针对强背景噪声下信噪比极低的微弱特征信号的识别问题,提出了基于奇异值分解的随机共振特征提取方法.该方法首先利用奇异值分解对实际采样信号进行预处理和重构,然后寻找到特征信号分量与噪声强度相匹配的分量信号.此分量信号再经过非线性双稳系统的随机共振处理,可实现从强噪声背景中检测极微弱的特征信号.     

一种Duffing弱信号检测新方法及仿真研究

研究了利用混沌相变进行弱信号检测的理论及仿真试验.对基于Duffing振子初值敏感性检测弱信号的方法分析后指出,过渡过程会影响检测性能,提出一种改进的弱信号检测方法.对仿真输入噪声生成和仿真步长选择进行研究后建立了仿真模型,在典型噪声背景下检测弱正弦信号.实验结果表明：所提出的方法有较好检测性能;混沌临界态的Duffing系统对噪声敏感导致相变方法难以精确确定最小检测幅值.指出了这类方法的局限性. 关键词： 混沌 信号检测 周期信号 白噪声     

Chalcogenide Fibers: An Overview of Selected Applications

Chalcogenide glass fibers have many unique properties that make them attractive for applications that are not possible with silica fibers. Selected applications of chalcogenide fibers in research, commerce, and the military are reviewed.     

Some mathematical aspects of Anderson localization: boundary effect,multimodality, and bifurcation

Anderson localization is a famous wave phenomenon that describes the absence of diffusion of waves in a disordered medium. Here we generalize the landscape theory of Anderson localization to general elliptic operators and complex boundary conditions using a probabilistic approach, and further investigate some mathematical aspects of Anderson localization that are rarely discussed before. First, we observe that under the Neumann boundary condition, the low energy quantum states are localized on the boundary of the domain with high probability. We provide a detailed explanation of this phenomenon using the concept of extended subregions and obtain an analytical expression of this probability in the one-dimensional case. Second, we find that the quantum states may be localized in multiple different subregions with high probability in the one-dimensional case and we derive an explicit expression of this probability for various boundary conditions. Finally, we examine a bifurcation phenomenon of the localization subregion as the strength of disorder varies. The critical threshold of bifurcation is analytically computed based on a toy model and the dependence of the critical threshold on model parameters is analyzed.     

辣椒碱与β-环糊精包合物的核磁共振研究

利用核磁共振方法研究了辣椒碱β-环糊精包合物的化学计量比、空间结构信息及其在水溶液中的自扩散系数. 通过测定不同浓度比的辣椒碱和β-环糊精混合溶液的 ¹H NMR数据,绘制Job's曲线,辣椒碱和β-环糊精的Job's曲线均在r=0.5处出现拐点. 同时测定了该包合物的2D ROESY和DOSY谱图,ROESY谱图中NOE交叉信号出现在辣椒碱的H-1~H-8和β-环糊精的H-3′、H-5′、H-6′之间,DOSY测得β-环糊精和辣椒碱形成包合物前后的表观自扩散系数. 结果表明,辣椒碱β-环糊精包合物的主客体分子的化学计量比为1∶1,辣椒碱分子的异丙基端从β-环糊精的宽口端进入疏水腔,其中H-1~H-8部分在空腔内部,包合物的自扩散系数为2.95×10^-10m²/s.     

Thermodynamics of 4D dS/AdS Gauss–Bonnet black holes according to consistent gravity theory in the presence of a cloud of strings

By looking at the Lovelock theorem one can infer that the gravity model given by [1] cannot be applicable for all types of 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) curved space-time. The reason for this is that in 4D space-time, the Gauss–Bonnet invariant is a total derivative and hence it does not contribute to gravitational dynamics. Hence, the authors of [2] presented an alternative consistent EGB gravity model instead of [1] by applying a break-of-diffeomorphism property. In this work, we use the alternative model to produce a de Sitter (dS)/Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole metric and then investigate its thermodynamic behavior in the presence of a cloud of Nambu–Goto strings. Mathematical derivations show that the resulting diagrams of pressure vs specific volume at a constant temperature are similar to that for a van der Waals gas/fluid in an ordinary thermodynamic system in the dS sector but not in the AdS background. From this, we infer that the black hole participates in the small-to-large black hole phase transition in the dS background, while it exhibits a Hawking–Page phase transition in the AdS background. In the latter case, an evaporating black hole eventually reaches an AdS vacuum space because of its instability.     

Bidirectional Quantum Secure Direct Communication Network Protocol with Hyperentanglement

We propose a bidirectional quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) network protocol with the hyperentanglment in both the spatial-mode ad the polarization degrees of freedom of photon pairs which can in principle be produced with a beta barium borate crystal. The secret message can be encoded on the photon pairs with unitary operations in these two degrees of freedom independently. Compared with other QSDC network protocols, our QSDC network protocol has a higher capacity as each photon pair can carry 4 bits of information. Also, we discuss the security of our QSDC network protocol and its feasibility with current techniques.     

Darboux Transformation and N-soliton Solution for Extended Form of Modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili Equation with Variable-Coefficient

The extended form of modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation with variable-coefficient is investigated in the framework of Painlevé analysis. The Lax pairs are obtained by analysing two Painlevé branches of this equation. Starting with the Lax pair, the N-times Darboux transformation is constructed and the N-soliton solution formula is given, which contains 2n free parameters and two arbitrary functions. Furthermore, with different combinations of the parameters, several types of soliton solutions are calculated from the first order to the third order. The regularity conditions are discussed in order to avoid the singularity of the solutions. Moreover, we construct the generalized Darboux transformation matrix by considering a special limiting process and find a rational-type solution for this equation.     

The ρ-π Puzzle of J/φ and φ′ Decays

The recent BES Collaboration data on φ →PV, particularly the isospin violating mode φ′ → π^oω^o and finding of a finite number for B(φ′ → K^*OK^O), enable us now to deal more precisely about the challenges to theory concerning this extraordinary and remarkableso-called ρ-π puzzle of J/φ and φ′ decays. In terms of the existing data and deploying the simplest phenomenology, measurement of φ′ → π⁺π^- and whether a finite number for the K^*+K^- mode might require a significantly large accumulation of data remain interesting questions.     

Interaction of Wave Trains with Defects

The evolution and transition of planar wave trains propagating through defects(obstacles) in an excitable medium are studied. When the frequency of the planar wave trains is increased, three different dynamical regimes,namely fusion, "V" waves, and spiral waves, are observed in turn and the underlying mechanism is discussed. The dynamics is concerned with the shapes of the defects. Circle, triangle, and rectangle defects with different sizes are considered. The increase of pacing frequency broadens the fan-shaped broken region in the behind of a rectangle defect.The increase of width of a triangle defect leads to breakup of wave trains easier while the change of height shows opposite effect, which is presented in a phase diagram. Dynamical comparison on defects with different shapes indicates that the decrease of the defect width along the propagation of wave trains makes the fan-shaped region and the minimal frequency for breakup of spiral both increased.     

CFETR N-NBI验证样机恒温供水系统的设计

通过分析中国聚变工程实验堆(CFETR)的基于负离子源的中性束注入系统(N-NBI)验证样机中等离子体电极的工况,确定了其恒温供水的技术参数,设计出了CFETR N-NBI验证样机恒温供水系统。     

Chess AI: Competing Paradigms for Machine Intelligence

Endgame studies have long served as a tool for testing human creativity and intelligence. We find that they can serve as a tool for testing machine ability as well. Two of the leading chess engines, Stockfish and Leela Chess Zero (LCZero), employ significantly different methods during play. We use Plaskett’s Puzzle, a famous endgame study from the late 1970s, to compare the two engines. Our experiments show that Stockfish outperforms LCZero on the puzzle. We examine the algorithmic differences between the engines and use our observations as a basis for carefully interpreting the test results. Drawing inspiration from how humans solve chess problems, we ask whether machines can possess a form of imagination. On the theoretical side, we describe how Bellman’s equation may be applied to optimize the probability of winning. To conclude, we discuss the implications of our work on artificial intelligence (AI) and artificial general intelligence (AGI), suggesting possible avenues for future research.