运动载荷下的三维裂纹应力强度因子

本文分析了无界弹性体中含一半平面一裂纹， 在裂纹面上受运动的复型冲击集中载荷的三维应力强度因子历史。求得了Ⅱ、Ⅲ型复合强度因子精确解。求解方法基于积分变换法、Ｗｉｅｎｅｒ－Ｈｏｐｆ技术以及Ｃａｇｎｉａｒｄ－ｄｅ Ｈｏｏｐ变换。本文还给出了若干数值结果并对解的性质进行了一些讨论。     

复合型运动荷载作用下横观各向同性体三维裂纹的应力强度因子

讨论横观各向同性体中含一半平面裂纹,在裂纹面上作用有运动点荷载的三维复合型应力强度因子历史.通过积分变换技术,最终将问题归结为求解Wiener-Hopf型积分方程组.该文给出了求解这一类积分方程组的一般性方法.在此基础上,基于Abel定理和Cagniard-de H oop方法,求得了Ⅱ、Ⅲ型复合应力强度因子的解析解.最后通过数值结果揭示了横观各向同性材料三维裂纹尖端场的动态特性.     

EVALUATION ON STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR OF CRACK UNDER DYNAMIC LOAD USING NUMERICAL MANIFOLD METHOD

相较于传统有限元,数值流形方法（numerical manifold method, NMM） 的一个显著优点是在处理裂纹问题时网格无需与裂纹重合,这就方便了岩体破坏过程的模拟. 基于包含裂尖增强函数的NMM,采用Newmark 隐式动力学算法进行时间积分,重点研究了动力载荷条件下裂纹动态应力强度因子（dynamic stress intensity factor,DSIF） 的求解方法. 针对典型的线弹性动力裂纹问题,给出了NMM 的数值算例. 结果表明NMM 能够准确计算动载荷条件下裂纹的DSIF,并且具有较好的收敛性.     

SELF-SIMILAR CRACK EXPANSION METHOD FOR THE STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR ANALYSIS

The Self-Similar Crack Expansion (SSCE) method is proposed to evaluate stress intensi-ty factors at crack tips, whereby stress intensity factors of a crack can be determined by the crackopening displacement over the crack, not just by the local displacement around the crack tip. The crackexpansion rate is estimated by taking advantage of the crack self-similarity. Therefore, the accuracy ofthe calculation is improved. The singular integrals on crack tip elements are also analyzed and are pre-cisely evaluated in terms of a special integral analysis. Combination of these two techniques greatly in-creases the accuracy in estimating the stress distribution around the crack tip. A variety of two-dimen-sional cracks, such as subsurface cracks, edge cracks, and their interactions are calculated in terms ofthe self-similar expansion rate. Solutions are satisfied with errors less than 0.5% as compared with theanalytical solutions. Based on the calculations of the crack interactions, a theory for crack interactionsis proposed such that for a group of aligned cracks the summation of the square of SIFs at the right tipsof cracks is always equal to that at the left tips of cracks. This theory was proved by the mehtod ofSelf-Similar Crack Expansion in this paper.     

界面端附近裂纹的应力强度因子

结合材料的断裂形式可分为从界面端产生裂纹（沿界面或向母材内部层折）然后断裂与稍稍离开界面端处产生裂纹然后断裂这两种情况，在金属／陶瓷类结合材料中，后者出现的概率更大，本文利用结合材料界面端的奇异应力场和叠加原理，给出了界面端附近裂纹的应力强度因子近似计算公式，并用边界元数值计算验证了其有效性。     

混凝土三维裂纹应力强度因子的简化算法

根据混凝土特性,本文提出了一种计算脆性材料三维裂缝应力强度因子的有限元方法,用以分析混凝土结构物中裂缝的稳定性及危害程度.其特点是不需要在裂缝尖端附近区域划分过细的网络,也不用引入特殊尖端单元,便于在工程中使用.本方法曾用于某拱坝坝肩裂缝稳定判别及应力重分布计算,效果良好.     

差异沉降下的拱形门径向裂纹应力强度因子解析解研究

拱形门结构的裂纹应力强度因子是表征径向裂纹尖端应力场强弱的重要参数,但是差异沉降下拱形门结构的径向裂纹应力强度因子面临着难以模式化计算的问题。为此,本文推导了差异沉降作用下的拱形门径向裂纹应力强度因子解析解公式。首先,根据拱形门的对称性,将其分解为正、反对称状态的叠加形式,利用力法对拱形门内力分布进行分析;然后,依据内力情况采用截面法对拱形门径向裂纹截面上的应力分布沿厚度方向进行表达;最后,利用权函数法将权重函数和裂纹表面应力分布的乘积进行积分,得到差异沉降下的拱形门径向裂纹应力强度因子解析解。解析解推导结果与ANSYS数值仿真结果一致,即Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型应力强度因子对差异沉降值与径向裂纹倾角均有显著的线性响应趋势。实验结果表明,本文解析解可以准确有效地将差异沉降下的拱形门径向裂纹应力强度因子进行模式化计算,为裂纹的扩展延伸提供参考。

     

A half plane crack under three-dimensional combined mode impact loading

The dynamic stress intensity factor history for a half plane crack in an otherwise unbounded elastic body, with the crack faces subjected to a traction distribution consisting of two pairs of suddenly-applied shear line loads is considered. The analytic expression for the combined mode stress intensity factors as a function of time is obtained. The method of solution is based on the application of integral transforms and the Wiener-Hopf technique. Some features of the solutions are discussed and graphical numerical results are presented. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR OF AN ANTI-PLANE CRACK PARALLEL TO THE WEAK/MICRO-DISCONTINUOUS INTERFACE IN A BI-FGM COMPOSITE

The problem considered is a mode Ⅲ crack lying parallel to the interface of an exponential-type functional graded material （FGM） strip bonded to a linear-type FGM substrate with infinite thickness. By applying the Fourier integral transform, the problem was reduced as a Cauchy singular integral equation with an unknown dislocation density function. The collocation method based on Chebyshev polynomials proposed by Erdogan and Gupta was used to solve the singular integral equation numerically. With the numerical solution, the effects of the geometrical and physical parameters on the stress intensity factor （SIF） were analyzed and the following conclusions were drawn： （a） The region affected by the interface or free surface varies with the material rigidity, and higher material rigidity will lead to bigger affected region. （b） The SIF of the crack in the affected region and parallel to the micro-discontinuous interface is lower than those of the weak discontinuous cases. Reducing the weak-discontinuity of the interface will be beneficial to decrease the SIF of the interface-parallel crack in the region affected by the interface. （c） The effect of the free surface on SIF is more remarkable than that of the interface, and the latter is still more notable than that of the material rigidity. When the effects of the interface and free surface are fixed, increase of the material rigidity will enhance the value of SIF.     

含半无限裂纹正交各向异性板插入刚性楔块应力强度因子的计算

本文通过对半无限正交各向异性平面Fourier变换,建立了一种特殊位移模式的应力场计算公式.解决了一外形轮廓曲线为f(χ)的刚性楔块插入半无限长裂纹问题,建立了求解分离坐标和应力强度因子的方程式.其特例均与各向同性体相应问题的解一致.     

THE EVALUATION OF STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS OF PLANE CRACK FOR ORTHOTROPIC PLATE WITH EQUAL PARAMETER BY F2LFEM

In this paper, the evaluation of stress intensity factor of plane crack problems for orthotropic plate of equal-parameter is investigated using a fractal two-level finite element method (F2LFEM). The general solution of an orthotropic crack problem is obtained by assimilating the problem with isotropic crack problem, and is employed as the global interpolation function in F2LFEM. In the neighborhood of crack tip of the crack plate, the fractal geometry concept is introduced to achieve the similar meshes having similarity ratio less than one and generate an infinitesimal mesh so that the relationship between the stiffness matrices of two adjacent layers is equal. A large number of degrees of freedom around the crack tip are transformed to a small set of generalized coordinates. Numerical examples show that this method is efficient and accurate in evaluating the stress intensity factor (SIF).     

复合型裂纹应力场的研究及其应力强度因子的全息光弹性测定

本文应用复变函数解法,等出复合型中心裂纹板弹性应力场的精确解及主应力和与主应力差的精确表达式。通过与各自的奇异表达式比较,得到了主应力和与主应力差的远近场关系图谱。利用这些图谱以及全息光弹性试验所获得的远场等和线与等差线条纹,就能确定裂纹尖端的应力强度因子 K_Ⅰ,K_Ⅱ。实例表明:本法概念清晰、演算简便、精度较高。     

界面裂纹问题中的弹性T项和应力强度因子

研究两相材料有限板含单边界面裂纹的断裂力学特性，对不同的材料组合用广义变分法分析了不同尺寸试件和裂纹长度下的应力强度因子和弹性T项，讨论了材料特性对应力强度因子和弹性T项的作用．分析了试件尺寸和裂纹长度对应力强度因子和弹性T项的影响．     

含单个Ⅰ型裂纹的高温超导块材应力强度因子修正及计算

高温超导块材在外磁场下降过程中会受到拉伸应力的作用,可能导致其断裂,且其在受到拉伸应力作用时裂纹尖端产生小范围屈服,此时用线弹性理论计算应力强度因子将不准确。本文通过统一强度理论对裂纹尖端塑性区的应力强度因子计算公式进行修正。随后基于Bean模型分别讨论了外磁场变化速率和外磁场大小对应力强度因子的影响。结果表明高温超导块材充磁过程中,外磁场以较小速率下降时主要考虑外磁场下降速率对裂纹扩展的影响,当外磁场较大时,主要考虑外磁场大小对裂纹扩展的影响。本文结果对高温超导块材充磁过程中的裂纹扩展和应力强度因子的计算具有一定的参考价值。

     

复合加载下疲劳裂纹扩展速率研究

本文提出了一种计算曲折裂纹尖端应力强度因子的简单方法。对一种油井钻杆材料在不同Ⅰ－Ⅱ复合比加载下的疲劳裂纹扩展行为的研究表明，Ⅱ型成分成对裂纹扩展速率有两种趋势相反的影响作用，并得到了一个计算复合型裂纹扩展速率的Ｐａｒｉｓ形式的公式。     

用光弹性法测双层复合板的应力强度因子

本文用光弹性法分析了双层复合材料结构的裂纹问题，研究了两种不同材料的存在对应力强度因子的影响，以及讨论了由于裂纹不断加深，应力强度因子的变化规律，并与计算的结果作了比较，在裂纹不接近界面情况下，两者结果吻合的较好。     

求解界面裂纹应力强度因子的围线积分法

本文基于Ｂｅｔｔｉ功互等定理和双材料界面裂纹辅助场，提出了一种求解界面裂纹应力强度因子的方法，即远场围线积分法。此方法与积分径的选择无关，用有元元法计算出远离裂纹尖端的位移场和应力场，应可通过计算绕裂尖围线的积分，精确地给出界面裂纹应力强度因子ＫＩ和ＫⅡ。     

声焦散线及其与应力强度因子的关系

根据焦散线的形成原理,以及含I型裂纹试件受力前后光程差与声程差表达式的相似性,提出了声焦散线的概念,得到了声焦散线沿横向最大尺寸与应力强度因子的关系,为通过声焦散线法确定应力强度因子打下了基础.     

界面裂纹问题中的权函数方法

本文将Ｐａｒｉｓ等确定均匀材料中裂纹尖端应力强度因子的权函数方法推广应用到界面裂纹问题，给出了界面裂纹尖端附近或无限大体半无限界面裂纹问题的权函数的显式表达式。利用此权函数表达式可以很简便地求解界面裂纹尖端附近一些外来作用引起的应力强度因子，比如任意分布力、相变应变、位错和热等。作为一个算例，本文计算了界面一侧一个刃型位错引起的应力强度因子。