一层随机非球形粒子高阶散射矢量辐射传输迭代解的参数求逆

根据一层随机非球形粒子矢量辐射传输(VRT)方程的一阶与高阶Mueller矩阵解的差异,提出了在已知一些参数的条件下,用水平与垂直同极化和交叉极化后向散射测量反演非球形粒子复介电常数和单位面积粒子数的迭代方法,并用极化后向散射强度的模拟测量数据及机载合成孔径雷达(Air SAR)实测数据进行了反演试验,并对反演值与各参数的关系以及测量噪声对反演的影响进行了讨论.     

非球形粒子散射光的去偏振特性研究

目标对入射偏振光的散射特性反映了目标的属性信息。在Rayleigh散射理论的基础上，通过单层非球形粒子对入射偏振光的散射数学模型，应用矢量传输方程来计算非球形粒子散射的Mueller矩阵元，求解散射介质的偏振度，讨论在不同介质层厚度、粒子半径和探测角的条件下，非球形粒子散射光去偏振度的变化特性，给出了模拟仿真结果。该方法为研究目标的内部结构、厚度和粗糙度等特征以及目标的探测和识别提供了一种新的途径。     

非球形粒子的散射特性分析

本文首先利用T矩阵方法计算了复折射率吸收指数和折射指数变化时的椭球粒子和Chebyshev粒子在不同等效尺度参数下的光散射特性,并与等效的球形粒子的光散射结果进行了比较;然后分析以上两种类型非球形粒子散射特性之间的关系.结果表明:椭球粒子和Chebyshev粒子的散射特性与等效球形粒子的散射特性存在着差别,粒子的形状越偏离球形,这种差别就越大;复折射率折射指数的变化对非球形散射效率因子的影响要比吸收指数的影响更大一些;当等效尺度参数相同时,椭球粒子与等效球形粒子的散射效率因子的差别要远远大于Chebyshev粒子与等效球形粒子散射效率因子之间的差别.     

非球形气溶胶粒子短波红外散射特性研究

利用T矩阵方法,以及基于扩散限制凝聚理论的广义多粒子米散射方法,研究了多种气溶胶粒子在1.6和2.0μm波段处,非球形单粒子和团簇粒子的光散射辐射特性,并分析了粒子有效半径、复折射指数、粒子形状、相对湿度等因素对非球形粒子散射特性的影响.分析表明,除了粒子有效半径和形状会在不同程度上引起粒子散射特性变化,相对湿度对其影响也比较大,球形粒子与非球形粒子在不同相对湿度下后向散射相对差异均在18%以上;当粒子体积较小时,水溶性气溶胶的后向散射强度随相对湿度的增加而增强,而当粒子体积较大时,则随相对湿度的增加而减弱;在体积相同的条件下,体积较小的团簇粒子的不对称因子比非球形单粒子平均偏大0.023,而体积较大的团簇粒子,却比非球形单粒子不对称因子平均偏小0.055;单粒子或等体积的团簇粒子,其不同波段之间单次散射反照率差异较大,最大可达0.226.该工作对研究气溶胶多次散射对CO₂浓度卫星反演精度影响具有重要的科学意义.     

非球形烟尘粒子后向散射场的光谱分析

在利用后向散射法测量烟尘浓度和粒径的过程中,对烟尘粒子模型的后向散射光谱特性进了计算,确定影响后向散射光谱强度的主要因素并进行分析。对实际排放的烟尘进行显微观察表明,利用椭球、圆柱和广义切比雪夫3种非球模型可以较好地模拟烟尘粒子,其等效直径约1μm。通过"T矩阵法"对这3种非球形粒子模型后向散射场的光谱特性进行了分析,结果表明:非球形粒子的可见/红外波段后向散射现象较球形粒子明显,特别是广义切比雪夫粒子的后向散射光强最高可达到前向的3.5倍;对于吸收性非球形粒子(复折射率m=1.57-0.56i),后向散射光强远大于非吸收性非球形粒子(复折射率m=1.57-0.001i);随着粒子等效半径的增大,光源波长也应随之增加。这为在实际测量时光源及方位的选择提供了理论依据。     

非球形火星沙尘粒子的光谱散射特性研究

针对复杂的火星大气环境,基于T-matrix理论,对三种非球形火星沙尘粒子的散射特性进行了研究,计算了服从对数正态分布的非球形火星沙尘粒子的散射特性,分别在有沙尘暴和无沙尘暴两种条件下,分析非球形火星沙尘粒子的传输衰减和透射率随粒子数浓度、波长以及高度的变化趋势,并与球形粒子进行对比。结果表明:非球形与球形粒子的消光效率因子和散射效率因子存在较大差异,两者之间的最大差值分别为1.786 8和1.761 9,而切比雪夫粒子的散射特性与球形粒子最接近;当入射波长为0.55μm时,火星上沙尘粒子群整体的散射主要集中在前向40°以内,且非球形与球形粒子在前向60°以内散射强度基本相等,大于60°时非球形的散射强度比球形粒子高;非球形火星沙尘粒子的传输衰减和透射率(随波长、粒子数浓度和高度)的变化趋势与球形的基本一致,且其尺寸的比值越接近于1,传输衰减和透射率越接近于球形粒子的值。     

群聚球形粒子极化散射的T矩阵数值模拟

对于不小于波长或可与波长相比的大粒子集合性的相干散射,要求严格求解多次散射的Maxwel方程。作者利用多个粒子多次散射的严格的T矩阵公式,发展了数值模似算法,求出非均匀群聚分布的球形粒子相干极化散射在全方位上的数值结果,研究了群聚粒子相干极化散射的特征表现,并与双球粒子散射的实验结果作了很好的比较。     

利用T-matrix计算非球形粒子散射特性的研究

本文用T-matrix方法计算了非球形气溶胶粒子的光学特性,得到了气溶胶粒子的消光截面、散射截面、吸收截面与气溶胶粒子形状的关系,不同形状气溶胶粒子的有着相同的散射相函数和不同的偏振度,非球形气溶胶粒子的散射相函数对其复折射指数的实部和虚部都不太敏感,而偏振相函数对其实部和虚部都比较敏感.此结论为研究大气辐射传输提供了较好的方法,尤其是偏振度与偏振相函数的提出为用偏振的方法进一步的反演气溶胶的光学参数提供了理论基础.     

非球形气溶胶粒子散射相函数经验公式

散射相函数是研究电磁波传输特性的重要参数，直接影响电磁波传输方程的简化程度和解的精度。基于电磁散射与辐射传输中的基本理论，对非球形粒子散射相函数的经验公式进行了研究。为了很好的模拟非球形粒子的后向散射峰值，提高辐射传输方程的简化程度和解的精度，提出了一种新的相函数经验公式。分析新的相函数对非球形粒子的适用性，以单个沙尘性气溶胶为例，计算了不同形状粒子的Henyey-Greenstein*相函数和新的相函数随角度的变化，并与T矩阵法的计算结果进行了对比，发现椭球形粒子的长短轴比和有限长圆柱形粒子的径长比大于0.5时，新的相函数在大角度后向散射部分与T矩阵法的吻合程度较高。考虑波长变化，对比了尺寸谱满足对数正态分布的四种气溶胶粒子的Henyey-Greenstein*相函数和新的相函数与T矩阵法的计算结果。研究表明，对于椭球形粒子和有限长圆柱形粒子，在大角度(大于90°)后向散射部分，除了0.694时的椭球形海洋性气溶胶，新的相函数均方根差较小的占100%，证明了新的相函数可以较好的模拟非球形粒子的后向散射特征。新的相函数对准确模拟辐射传输过程具有重要意义。     

反演非球形粒子光学常数的理论建模

本文基于完整的辐射传输方程,结合T矩阵法和K-K关系式,建立反演非球形粒子光学常数(复折射率)的理论模型.首先以椭球粒子为例,分析了非球形粒子光学常数反演模型的适用范围,重点分析了不同尺度参数下椭球粒子的单值性和多值性问题;然后以非球形煤灰粒子为例,采用MC法进行正问题计算,所得的光谱透射率作为"实验测量值",采用本文模型进行反演,得到较好的反演结果,充分说明了本文所建立的反演模型的可行性,同时分析了测量误差对实验结果的影响.     

The temporal Mueller matrix solution for polarimetric scattering from a layer of random non-spherical scatterers

The Mueller matrix solution of the vector radiative transfer equation with time dependence is derived in this paper. It is applied to simulation of polarimetric bistatic scattering from a layer of non-uniformly oriented, random non-spherical scatterers when a Gaussian plane pulse is incident upon. Co-polarized and cross-polarized bistatic scattering are numerically calculated. The pulse echoes are compared with the incidence, and demonstrate its functional dependence on the physical parameters of random medium, such as spatial orientation and fractional volume of scatterers, incidence angle and polarization, the layer depth and others.     

Numerical study of the characterization of forward scattering Mueller matrix patterns of turbid media with triple forward scattering assumption

We propose a triple forward scattering model to numerically investigate the forward scattering Mueller matrix of a turbid medium. The calculated results show that the Mueller matrix based on the triple scattering model can completely describe the basic symmetries and azimuthal structures of the forward scattering Mueller matrix of a turbid medium. The results show that the forward scattering Mueller matrix is characterized with special symmetric structure compared with backscattering Mueller matrix patterns. The method will extend the investigation to light scattering mechanism from cells and to diagnosis of diabetes and other blood related diseases.     

基于递归T矩阵的离散随机散射体散射特性研究

本文根据电磁场矢量球波函数多极点展开原理及矢量叠加定理提出了递归T矩阵算法的矢量形式,并且基于矢量递归T矩阵算法建立了多散射球模拟离散随机散射体散射的三维电磁散射模型.通过计算不同尺寸、随机分布散射球的散射以及分析散射球间的高阶散射效应,结果表明:矢量递归T矩阵算法具有很高的计算精度,算法中包含多散射体间的高阶散射效应,因此能够精确计算多散射体总的散射效应.本文所建模型可应用于土壤湿度探测工程中评估地表下掩埋离散随机散射体散射对雷达回波信号产生的影响.     

Iterative approach of high-order scattering solution for vector radiative transfer of inhomogeneous random media

By stratifying a random scatter media into multiple thin layers in the vertical z direction, the first-order scattering solution of each thin layer is employed to derive high-order scattering solution of whole random media. Using the Fourier transform and Mueller matrices in discrete ordinates, an iterative approach to solve high-order scattering solution of vector radiative transfer (VRT) equation is newly developed. Numerical results are well compared with the Mueller matrix solutions of the first order for a single layer medium, second order for a half-space, and the results of the discrete ordinate and eigen analysis method. It demonstrates our approach as feasible, effective and especially applicable to high-order solution of VRT for both bistatic scattering and thermal emission of inhomogeneous non-spherical scatter media.     

Mueller matrix analysis for all optical fiber co-existence of birefringence-polarization dependent gain-mode coupling at a single wavelength

Birefringence (polarization-related phase-shift), polarization dependent gain (PDG) and mode coupling are three factors that may synchronously influence the transmission of single-wavelength polarized light in optical fibers. This paper obtains a new Mueller matrix analysis, which can be used under conditions that all these three factors are existing and changing. According to our transmission model, the state of polarization (SOP) changes along an optical microstructure fiber with co-existence of birefringence-PDG-mode coupling were simulated. The simulated results, which show the phenomena of SOP constringency, are in good agreement with previous theoretical analyses.     

Pair-structure matrix of random collection of particles: Implications for light scattering

Scattering of light fields from random collections of particles of different types is considered. A new matrix called pair-structure matrix characterizing the correlations between particles of the same and of different types is introduced. This matrix reduces to the pair-structure factor of scattering collection [Opt. Lett. 34, 1762 (2009)] in the case when the particles in the collection are all of the same type. For illustration of the importance of the new matrix the formula for the degree of coherence of a polychromatic plane wave scattered from a collection of particles of different types is derived.     

Exact solution for coherent backscattering of polarized light from a random medium of Rayleigh scatterers

We discuss a rigorous vectorial theory as a model to represent the enhanced backscattering of polarized light from a random medium. The theory is based on the well known relation between the contributions of the ladder and cyclical diagrams to the intensity which allows to express these contributions in terms of radiative transfer theory. The tensor transfer equation for the electromagnetic field in a half-space occupied by point-like scatterers is explicitly solved with the aid of the Wiener-Hopf method. For the case of normal incidence the angular distribution of the backscattered intensity and the enhancement factor are found for arbitrary angles between the incident and detected linear polarizations and the scanning plane. To describe spatial anisotropy of the backscattering cone the half width at half maximum of the intensity is calculated as a function of these angles. Coherent backscattering of circularly polarized light is also considered.     

Monte Carlo simulation of light scattering from size distributed sub-micron spherical CdS particles in a volume element

Simulation of polarized light scattering by spherical particles having modal radius of 180 nm is presented in this paper. A Monte Carlo method which is based on the Stokes-Mueller formalism developed in ANSI Standard C-language is used for simulation. Single scattering is considered in our program with monodispersed sub-micron sized spherical CdS particles. We have considered only θ dependent scattering as described by Mie theory for spherical CdS particles. The experiments for studying light scattering properties of these particles were conducted in a designed and developed laser based light scattering studies setup. The simulation results were compared with experimental results and theoretical results obtained purely from Mie theory. The closeness of agreement or disagreement between these results is discussed in this paper.     

激光束在漫射表面上散射统计模型的严格解

本文对激光束在漫射表面上散射的一类统计模型给出了严格解,并与“质心近似”所得结果作了比较.     

一层非球形粒子散射的标量辐射传输迭代解的求逆

给出了一层有下垫反射面的非球形粒子散射的标量辐射传输方程一、二阶迭代解,推导了相函数各阶Legendre展开系数与随机小椭球粒子相函数的对应关系,提出了一层随机小椭球粒子介电常数和单位面积粒子数的迭代反演方法.通过两次各方位角上双站散射测量,反演随机小椭球粒子的介电常数和单位面积粒子数.本方法比现有文献的一些反演方法易于实现,可应用于颗粒性复合材料介电与结构特性以及地表背景参数的反演研究 关键词： 辐射传输方程 迭代解 反演 相函数 介电常数