人造玫瑰花花瓣的微结构分布与水滴黏附性质的关系

本文采用模板印刷法制备得到了“人造玫瑰花花瓣”,即具有玫瑰花花瓣结构的PDMS薄膜,通过对该薄膜逐级拉伸改变微观结构的分布;采用环境扫描电镜（ESEM）观察了不同拉伸程度下薄膜表面微观结构的变化,采用高敏感性微电力学天平测试了样品表面微观结构变化过程中水滴的粘附力,分析了微观结构分布与水滴粘附性质的关系;采用接触角测量仪表征不同拉伸条件下薄膜的浸润性.实验结果表明随着PDMS薄膜被逐次拉伸,单位面积内玫瑰花花瓣乳突的数目减少,纳米褶皱面积不断增加,而纳米级褶皱结构尺寸随着拉伸基本上不发生变化,直到样品破坏;与微观结构变化相对应的,该表面对水滴的粘附力先增大后减小,直到该表面彻底破坏.由此可见,微米结构及纳米结构的分布是影响玫瑰花花瓣对水滴粘附的主要因素.     

Pt-Ni与Pd-Ni纳米薄膜的电化学制备和乙醇电催化性能研究(英文)

通过电沉积法在Ti基体上制备具有纳米结构的Pt-Ni和Pd-Ni薄膜,前者呈纳米花瓣形状,厚度为10～20 nm,后者主要由纳米颗粒组成,大小为50～60 nm.XRD测试结果显示,Pt-Ni和Pd-Ni纳米薄膜结晶程度较差.循环伏安法测试薄膜对乙醇电催化氧化的性能,结果表明Pt-Ni和Pd-Ni纳米薄膜可使乙醇起始氧化电位分别负移至-0.74 V和-0.71 V,且在碱性介质中加Ni可提高催化剂的活性和抗毒化性能.     

快速提拉法制备PDMS/SiO2/PDMS-PDA光子弹性体薄膜

采用快速提拉法制备出SiO₂结构色薄膜，将其嵌入到聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)中，然后将掺杂聚多巴胺(PDA)的PDMS(PDMS-PDA)涂覆在SiO₂结构色薄膜表面制备了PDMS/SiO₂/PDMS-PDA光子弹性体薄膜。采用扫描电子显微镜、纳米激光粒度仪、分光光度计、光纤光谱仪、拉力机和手机相机对SiO₂结构色薄膜的微观结构和光学性能以及PDMS/SiO₂/PDMS-PDA薄膜的力致变色性能和力学性能进行了表征。结果表明：SiO₂结构色薄膜为短程有序的非晶光子晶体薄膜，其结构色在漫射光下无角度依赖性，在直射光下有角度依赖性。通过表面涂覆黑色PDMS-PDA层，有效提高了光子弹性体薄膜在拉伸过程中结构色的饱和度，当应变为20%时，薄膜出现明显的结构色，并随着应变的增加反射峰位置不断蓝移。该薄膜具有较好的力学性能，其断裂伸长率达140%。     

阵列凹坑结构分布与水滴黏附性质的关系

以新鲜玫瑰花花瓣正面为模板, 采用模板印刷法制备具有微米级阵列凹坑和纳米级沟壑结构的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)薄膜, 通过对该薄膜逐级拉伸改变其微观结构的分布; 采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)观察了不同拉伸程度下薄膜表面微观结构的变化, 采用高敏感性微电力学天平测试了样品表面微观结构变化过程中水滴的黏附力, 分析了其微观结构分布与水滴黏附性质的关系; 采用接触角测量仪表征不同拉伸条件下薄膜的浸润性. 结果表明, 随着PDMS薄膜被逐次拉伸, 单位面积内的凹坑结构数目减少, 且凹坑逐渐分离, 凹坑的深度逐渐降低, 水滴更容易浸入到凹坑结构中, 因此水滴与薄膜的黏附力急剧增大; 随着薄膜进一步拉伸, 纳米级沟壑结构会随着凹坑的拉伸而不断伸展, 纳米级沟壑结构的面积增加, 纳米沟壑结构诱捕的空气量逐渐上升, 导致水滴与薄膜表面的接触面积降低, 使得水滴与薄膜的黏附力下降; 继续拉伸PDMS薄膜, 纳米级沟壑结构进一步伸展, 水滴逐渐浸入纳米级沟壑结构中, 水滴与薄膜的黏附力缓慢增大, 当水滴完全进入到纳米级沟壑中时, 水滴与薄膜的黏附力达到极大值, 此时继续拉伸PDMS薄膜, 纳米级沟壑结构随着拉伸程度的增加继续伸展, 水滴与薄膜的接触面积稍有减少, 黏附力将有所下降, 直至薄膜被完全破坏. 由此可见, 微米级凹坑结构和纳米级褶皱结构的分布是影响PDMS薄膜对水滴黏附性质的主要因素.     

玫瑰花花瓣微观结构与水滴黏附性质的关系

利用环境扫描电镜(ESEM)分别观察了新鲜、枯萎的玫瑰花花瓣正、反两面的微观形貌,并通过测量样品的表观接触角表征了其浸润性,采用高敏感性微电力学天平测试了样品表面的粘附力,分析了玫瑰花花瓣微观结构与水滴粘附性质的关系.实验结果表明,微米结构主要影响玫瑰花花瓣的超疏水性,而纳米结构则是导致玫瑰花花瓣具有高粘附力的关键原因.     

PNDC-b-PNTPE自组装制备兼具结构色和荧光色的薄膜

设计合成了含有聚集诱导发光四苯乙烯基的大位阻单体四苯乙烯基降冰片烯(NTPE),通过NTPE与含有双癸烷基的树状单体对苯二甲酸癸烷苯酯基降冰片烯(NDC)的顺序开环易位聚合(ROMP)制备具有聚集诱导发光性质的大位阻树状嵌段聚合物(PNDC-b-PNTPE).利用薄膜自组装制备了兼具结构色和荧光色的一维光子晶体薄膜.结果表明,PNDC-b-PNTPE在四氢呋喃(THF)中随着溶剂的挥发而快速自组装成为蓝色的一维光子晶体薄膜,其最大反射波长(λ_max)为443 nm.一维光子晶体薄膜的横截面扫描电子显微镜照片表明,PNDC-bPNTPE组装为周期为133 nm的层状结构.荧光发射光谱分析结果表明,一维光子晶体薄膜在368 nm波长紫外光的激发下能够发射最大波长为425 nm的荧光.该兼具结构色和荧光色的薄膜在防伪和显示方面有潜在的应用前景.     

花瓣形YBO3∶Eu3+发光薄膜的制备与表征

本文报道了通过水热合成在AAO模板上组装出花瓣形YBO3∶Eu3+薄膜的研究工作.     

溶液法制备图案化量子点薄膜的研究进展

量子点发光二极管(QLED)由于具有显色性好、色纯度高和性能稳定等特点而受到广泛关注,可用于制备具有超薄结构和柔性结构的显示器件.量子点(QDs)层是QLED器件的核心发光层,制备高质量的图案化QD薄膜对于提高QLED器件性能至关重要.本文综述了近年来溶液法制备QD薄膜的研究进展,探讨了目前主要使用的各种溶液法的优势和前景,并对最近新发展的纤维辅助的溶液可控转移制备QD薄膜方法的优势和发展前景进行了评述.     

氮掺杂二氧化钛-氧化镍双层薄膜的光电致色特性

以金属钛为靶材、O2/N2/Ar混合气氛为溅射气体,在导电玻璃(ITO)表面磁控溅射一层薄膜,再经300-500℃退火处理制备了氮掺杂TiO2薄膜.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、X光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见吸收光谱等对薄膜的微观结构、光学特性和光电化学性能等进行了研究.进而采用化学沉积的方法在TiO2-xNx薄膜表面沉积上一层多孔NiO薄膜,研究表明,制备的ITO/TiO2-xNx/NiO双层薄膜具有明显的光电致色特性,400℃退火处理的氮掺杂TiO2薄膜具有最高的光电流响应,经氙灯照射1h后,薄膜从无色变成棕色,500nm波长处光透过率从79.0%下降至12.6%.     

仿贝壳结构的自组装有机-无机纳米复合薄膜的制备及结构表征

利用超分子自组装法在玻璃表面制备了聚合前后 DMTB/Si O2 和 DMCB/Si O2 复合薄膜 .在所制备的复合薄膜中 ,表面活性剂 DMTB和 DMCB既作结构导向剂 ,又作聚合单体 .用 FTIR,XRD和 TEM等表征了薄膜的结构 .结果表明 ,所制备的薄膜具有有机 -无机有序交替的层状结构 .DMCB/Si O2 和 DMTB/Si O2复合薄膜有机层与无机层间的距离分别为聚合前 3 .48和 3 .44nm,聚合后 2 .84和 2 .92 nm.     

彩色胶片护膜层的XPS研究

应用XPS技术,对几种彩色胶片的护膜层(表面层)结构组成进行了研究。结果表明,这几种彩色胶片均含有机硅化物,F-400胶片可能具有双层护膜结构。     

UV-Vis and Raman Spectral Analysis of Polyaniline/Gold Thin Films as a Function of Applied Potential

Polyaniline and polyaniline/gold films were prepared by potentiodynamic oxidation of aniline in 1 M H₂SO₄ aqueous solution, and their electrochromic properties were investigated by UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy. Both tetrachloroaurate and gold nanoparticles were used to deposit gold onto or inside the polyaniline film based on the deposition technique used. Polyaniline films showed multiple color changes (blue to green to yellow) depending on the electrochemical reactions in the potential range ?0.2 to 0.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The color of polyaniline films changed from transparent green to yellow at the anodic peak around 0.2 V and gradually changed from green to dark blue at potentials higher than 0.5 V. The deterioration of electrochromic properties is caused by hydrolysis of the diimine structure formed by oxidation at 0.8 V. Furthermore, the polyaniline films showed enhanced Raman characteristics (due to SERS) depending on the treatments with gold and the potentials applied to the films to control the oxidation state.     

均一沉淀法云母片被覆TiO2

利用硫酸氧钛和的均一沉淀反应法，在天然矿物云母上被覆ＴｉＯ２薄膜，讨论了薄膜形成主影响膜层结构的工艺因素，分阶段控制反应温度和时间有利于控制析出粒子形态和膜最，可获得均匀致密切的膜，不同厚度的膜层因光学干涉效应显示出各种色彩。     

含氯化铜的紫精/聚合物薄膜制备及光致变色性能研究

将氯化铜加入到紫精/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮中,制得了一种可快速褪色、光疲劳性能优异的紫精/聚合物光致变色薄膜,测试了该薄膜的变色性能、褪色性能及光疲劳性能.结果表明,氯化铜的加入使薄膜初次紫外光照时的颜色变浅,但加快了薄膜褪色;当氯化铜与紫精摩尔比为1:1、60℃褪色时,薄膜光照后在610 nm处吸光度的半衰期为9 min,而不合氯化铜的薄膜为54 min,氯化铜含量越高,半衰期越短.含有氯化铜的薄膜,随变色/褪色循环次数增加,光照后的显色加深,氯化铜含量越高,颜色增加的程度越大.该功能薄膜可用于信息存储、太阳镜及智能窗等方面.     

旋转涂布法制备Si-Mo-W酸盐电致变色薄膜

本文采用旋转涂布制备了Si-Mo-W酸盐的电致变色薄膜。伴随着Li⁺的电化学注入，这些薄膜呈现出可逆的颜色变化。由于这类电致变色薄膜的变色幅度较小，故可用作为强变色材料的对电极。     

固相配位化学反应研究LXVII．金属铜表面M－S（M＝Mo，W）簇合物膜的组成

采用ＦＴＩＲ、ＸＰＳ和ＡＥＳ研究了金属铜表面Ｍ－Ｓ（Ｍ＝Ｍｏ，Ｗ）簇合物膜。结果表明，Ｍｏ（Ｗ）与铜表面的Ｃｕ＿２Ｏ反应，形成了Ｍｏ（Ｗ）－Ｓ－Ｃｕ键；簇合物膜由Ｍｏ（Ｗ）、Ｓ、Ｃｕ、Ｏ元素组成，分别呈＋６、－２、＋１、－２价，膜为多分子层结构并保持ＭｏＳ＿４，或ＷＳ＿２单元，膜表面只有Ｃｕ、Ｏ而不存在Ｍｏ（Ｗ）、Ｓ．膜层厚度与反应时间有关，时间越长，膜越厚。膜为多组分的复杂体系，其颜色是各组分统计分布的结果。     

Preparation and Barrier Properties of Chitosan-Layered Silicate Nanocomposite Films

Summary: In this study, chitosan nanocomposite films were prepared using a solvent-casting method by incorporation of an organically modified montmorillonite (Cloisite 10A). The effect of filler concentration on the water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability, mechanical and thermal properties of the composite films was evaluated. The structure of nanocomposites and the state of intercalation of the clay were characterized by XRD. The water vapor permeability of pure chitosan films was measured as a function of relative humidity (RH). It was found that the permeability value increased with an increase in RH. The water vapor and gas permeability values of the composite films decreased significantly with increasing filler concentration. Permeation data was fitted to various phenomenological models predicting the permeability of polymer systems filled with nanoclays as a function of clay concentration and aspect ratio of nanoplatelets. According to the XRD results, an increase in basal spacing was obtained with respect to pure clay for chitosan/clay nanocomposites. This demonstrated the formation of intercalated structure of clay in the polymer matrix. Tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites increased significantly with the addition of clay, however the thermal and color properties of the films were not much affected by the intercalation of clay into polymer matrix.     

Systematic study on structural phase behavior of CdSe thin films

Cadmium selenide (CdSe) thin films were chemically deposited at room temperature, from aqueous ammoniacal solution using Cd(CH(3)COO)(2) as Cd2+ and Na(2)SeSO(3) as Se2- ion sources. The as-deposited films were uniform, well adherent to the glass substrate, specularly reflective, and red-orange in color. The as-deposited CdSe layers grew with nanocrystalline sphalerite cubic structure along with the amorphous phase present in it, with optical band gap E(g) = 2.3 eV. The films were annealed in air atmosphere for 4 h at different temperatures and characterized for compositional, structural, morphological, and optical properties. XRD and SEM studies clearly revealed the systematic phase transformation of CdSe films from metastable nanocrystalline cubic (zinc blende type) to a mixture of cubic and hexagonal (wurtzite type), and finally into stable hexagonal through different intermediate phases with an improvement in the crystal quality. The films showed a red shift in their optical spectra after annealing.     

Tuning Structural Colors of TiO2 Thin Films Using an Electrochemical Process

TiO₂ films exhibiting structural colors were successfully prepared using one-step electrochemical oxidation. Results of theoretical analyses and digital simulations revealed that the structural color of a TiO₂ thin film could be regulated by adjusting oxidation voltage and oxidation time with different oxidation voltages leading to changes in structural color annulus number. At a low oxidation voltage, each thin film exhibited a single structural color, while thin films with different structural colors were obtained by varying the oxidation time. By contrast, at a higher oxidation voltage, each film exhibited iridescent and circular structural color patterns associated with symmetrical decreases in surface oxidation current density along radial lines emanating from the film center to its outer edges. TiO₂ films exhibiting iridescent structural colorations have broad application prospects in industrial fields related to photocatalysis and photovoltaic cells.     

Distribution of Zinc Oxide Nanocrystals in a Polymer Film

The structure of polymer films modified with zinc oxide nanocrystals was studied by the optical absorption and small-angle X-ray scattering methods. Small-angle X-ray scattering allows determination of the nanoparticle size distribution function, which is the decisive factor in predicting the optical properties of heterophase materials, including filled polymer films. The optical absorption spectrum of an acrylate polymer film doped with 1.6 wt % zinc oxide nanocrystals approaches the ideal absorber spectrum, which allows this material to be recommended for use as a protective color filter.