AOPAN/PA-66复合纳米纤维膜的制备及对金属离子的吸附性能

采用双喷头电纺丝技术,将尼龙(PA-66)纤维增强的聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维膜(PAN/PA-66)与盐酸羟胺进行偕胺肟化反应,制备了一种偕胺肟化聚丙烯腈/尼龙复合纳米纤维膜(AOPAN/PA-66).通过红外光谱及扫描电子显微镜等方法研究了偕胺肟化前后纳米纤维膜的组成、形貌和力学性能;并考察了AOPAN/PA-66复合纳米纤维膜对铜离子和铅离子的吸附性能.结果表明,AOPAN/PA-66复合纳米纤维膜的抗拉伸强度及断裂伸长率分别为4.73 MPa和30.76%,对Cu(Ⅱ)及Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量分别为67.5和75.4 mg/g.     

含偕胺肟基螯合纤维的制备及结构和性能的研究

通过羟胺与聚丙烯腈的反应制得含偕胺肟基螯合纤维,当腈基转化率为53.7％时,纤维对Au~(3+)的吸附量达626.7mg/g.对反应条件、纤维结构和性能相互关系的研究表明,聚丙烯腈的超分子结构致密性及序态越低越有利于反应;处理过程中,纤维蕴晶区在70℃时开始融化;纤维中偕胺肟基含量随羟胺浓度提高或反应时间延长而提高到一定值后变化趋于平缓,当反应温度高于70℃时,随反应温度升高而提高;纤维断裂强度随反应时间延长而下降;当反应温度高于70℃时明显下降。为获得偕胺肟基含量高、力学性能良好的纤维,聚丙烯腈纤维的偕胺肟化反应宜在略低于70℃的温度下以较短时间进行.     

螯合纤维的研究.Ⅳ.聚丙烯睛纤维偕胺肟化反应的研究

本文探讨了由市售聚丙烯腈纤维制备含偕胺肟基螯合纤维的可能性,研究了纤维偕胺肟化反应的特点。结果表明,通过对聚丙烯腈纤维的偕胺肟化处理可以获得机械性能较好的含偕胺肟基螯合纤维,该纤维对于Au~(3+)具有相当高的吸附量。在影响偕胺肟化反应的诸因素中,温度尤为重要,当温度低于纤维蕴晶区被拆散所对应的温度时,腈基转化率较低;当温度高于蕴晶区被拆散所对应的温度时,腈基转化率迅速提高,但机械性能开始劣化。不断提高反应试剂浓度或延长时间,则腈基转化率初期提高较快随后趋于平缓。     

载镧偕胺肟基纤维除氟性能研究

本文将稀土元素镧(Ⅲ)负载于偕胺肟基纤维上制备成载镧偕胺肟基纤维吸附剂,探讨该纤维吸附剂对水溶液中氟离子的吸附性能。研究结果表明,吸附最佳pH范围为5～7,在较宽的范围4～10之间也能显示出较高的除氟率;其吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,最大吸附容量为40.1mg/g;吸附动力学可用准二级速率方程描述。     

偕胺肟基纤维对铜(II)的吸附动力学

对含丙烯腈结构单元的高分子材料进行 CN的改性反应,偕胺肟化后的高分子材料可作为吸附剂,用于对水溶液中的金属离子吸附去除[1 4],也可用于稀土等贵金属的富集和回收[5 6]。作者以聚丙烯腈纤维改性所得偕胺肟纤维为吸附剂,对水溶液中的Cu2+进行吸附研究,着重研究了偕胺肟纤维对Cu2+的吸附反应动力学特征。1　实验部分1 1　主要试剂与仪器偕胺肟纤维按文献[7]方法制备,Cu2+溶液由硫酸铜(AR)和蒸馏水配制,其余试剂均为分析纯。WXF 120原子吸收分光光度计(北京瑞利分析有限公司),PXD 12数字式离子计(江苏电分析仪器厂),FC 104电子天…     

偕胺肟化PAN纳米纤维膜除铬性能的研究

采用静电纺丝法制备聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维膜,再以盐酸羟胺为改性剂对PAN纳米纤维膜进行偕胺肟化处理成功制备出偕胺肟化纳米纤维膜(AOPAN).通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、水接触角等对其物理化学性质进行表征并研究其吸附重金属Cr(Ⅵ)的能力.结果表明,PAN纳米纤维在水浴温度60℃,水热时间3.5 h条件下进行改性后,纤维直径明显变粗,并且有一定程度的弯曲.由红外光谱(FTIR)分析发现改性后的PAN纳米纤维膜在3500~3300 cm~(-1)范围内出现了2个双峰,并且接触角由114.5°变为29.8°,说明成功地将PAN纳米纤维改性为含有—NH_2基团的AOPAN纳米纤维.该AOPAN纳米纤维膜对铬的吸附实验表明,在p H=2时,吸附约5 h后达到最佳除铬效果,吸附量可达102.5 mg/g,并且满足准一级动力学方程,符合Langmuir吸附模型.主要是由于制备的AOPAN含有—NH_2基团,在酸性条件下被质子化为—NH_3~+,更易与HCr O_4~-结合.而且这种膜材料在使用后便于取出,经稀Na OH溶液洗涤后,能够重复使用,循环4次后仍能保持50%以上的去除率,在处理重金属离子方面具有非常大的潜力.     

一种PAN基偕胺肟螯合纤维对重金属离子的吸附性能

利用有限浴技术对一种PAN基偕胺肟螯合纤维的吸附性能进行了系统研究。结果表明:由于该功能纤维材料含胺肟及多烯多胺双重功能基,因此对Cu2+、Ni2+、Co2+、Hg2+等重金属离子具有很好吸附性能。交联型偕胺肟螯合纤维物理化学性能良好,洗脱再生简便,可望用于湿法冶金及重金属离子工业废水的资源化治理等领域。     

纳米氧化锡/偕胺肟复合纤维的制备及其抑菌性能

以纳米氧化锡为添加粒子,与偕胺肟化处理后的聚丙烯腈纤维反应,制得纳米氧化锡/偕胺肟复合纤维(1),其结构及形貌经XRD, SEM和EDX表征。并研究了1对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌性能。结果表明：在纤维表面生成了四方晶系的纳米氧化锡,1对受试菌种具有良好的抑菌性能。     

偕胺肟纤维的合成及对银吸附性能的研究

本文介绍了偕胺肟螯合纤维的制备方法及对银的吸附性能。脱水聚乙烯醇纤维与丙烯睛反应制得氰乙基化纤维。再与盐酸羟胺反应把氰乙基化纤维转化为偕胺肟纤维。该螯合纤维对银的吸附容量达0.3mmol/g。吸附速度也很快。     

一种新型球形聚丙烯腈螯合吸附剂的制备及性能

以腈纶废丝为原料,通过相转换法制得聚丙烯腈珠体,通过皂化和微波辐射下的偕胺肟化改性,制得一种新型球形聚丙烯腈螯合吸附剂SPHA,并对SPHA进行理化性能表征。研究表明,SPHA含有羧基和偕胺肟基等多种特征官能团,改性的最佳条件为：无水碳酸钠与盐酸羟胺的摩尔比0.01∶1,浴比20∶1,盐酸羟胺和Na OH的浓度分别为2.5 mol/L和1.5 mol/L,皂化时间10 min,微波功率240 W,辐射时间2 min,此时制得的SPHA对Cr（Ⅵ）的去除率最高。采用静态吸附法研究SPHA对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附效果,当p H值为2,Cr（Ⅵ）的初始质量浓度为100 mg/L,吸附时间为120 min,吸附温度为30℃时,去除率可达99.8%,平衡吸附容量为33.3 mg/g。     

Preparation of amidoxime-modified polyacrylonitrile (PAN-oxime) nanofibers and their applications to metal ions adsorption

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were applied to metal adsorption. PAN nanofibers (prepared by an electrospinning technique) were chemically modified with amidoxime groups, which are suitable for metal adsorption due to their high adsorption affinity for metal ions. The adsorption of the amidoxime-modified PAN (PAN-oxime) (25% conversion) nanofibers followed Langmuir isotherm. The saturation adsorption capacities for Cu(II) and Pb(II) of 52.70 and 263.45 mg/g (0.83 and 1.27 mmol/g), respectively, indicating that the monolayer adsorption occurred on the nanofiber mats. In addition, over 90% of metals were recovered from the metal-loaded PAN-oxime nanofibers in a 1 mol/L HNO₃ solution after 1 h.     

Phosphorylated polyacrylonitrile‐based electrospun nanofibers for removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution

The phosphorylated polyacrylonitrile‐based (P‐PAN) nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning technique and used for removal of Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Ag⁺ from aqueous solution. The morphological and structural properties of P‐PAN nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope and Fourie transform infrared spectra. The P‐PAN nanofibers were evaluated for the adsorption capacity at various pH, contact time, and reaction temperature in a batch system. The reusability of P‐PAN nanofibers for the removal of heavy metal ions was also determined. Adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were also used to examine the fundamental adsorption properties. It is found that the P‐PAN nanofibers show high efficiency, and the maximal adsorption capacities of metal ions as calculated from the Langmuir model were 92.1, 68.3, 14.8, and 51.7 mg/g, respectively. The kinetics of the heavy metal ions adsorption were found to follow pseudo‐second‐order rate equation, suggesting chemical adsorption can be regarded as the major factor in the adsorption process. Sorption/desorption results reveal that the obtained P‐PAN nanofibers can remain high removal efficiency after four cycles.     

A Simple One-Step Modification of Shrimp Shell for the Efficient Adsorption and Desorption of Copper Ions

Removing toxic heavy metal species from aqueous solutions is a point of concern in our society. In this paper, a promising biomass adsorbent, the modified waste shrimp shell (MS), for Cu (II) removal was successfully prepared using a facile and simple one-step modification, making it possible to achieve high-efficiency recycling of the waste NaOH solution as the modification agent. The outcome shows that with the continuous increase in pH, temperature and ion concentration, the adsorption effect of MS on Cu (II) can also be continuously improved. Adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetics were fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order model, respectively, and the maximum adsorption capacity of Cu (II) as obtained from the Langmuir isotherm model fitting reached 1.04 mmol/g. The systematic desorption results indicated that the desorption rate of Cu (II) in the MS could reach 100% within 6 min, where HNO₃ is used as the desorption agent. Moreover, experiments have proven that after five successive recycles of NaOH as a modifier, the adsorption capacity of MS on Cu (II) was efficient and stable, maintaining tendency in 0.83–0.85 mmol/g, which shows that waste NaOH solution can be used as a modification agent in the preparation of waste shrimp shell adsorbent, such as waste NaOH solution produced in industrial production, thereby making it possible to turn waste into renewable resources and providing a new way to recycle resources.     

Adsorption of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions using nano-montmorillonite: kinetics,isotherm and mechanism evaluations

With increasing industrial development, heavy metal pollution, e.g., cadmium (Cd) pollution, is increasingly serious in soil and water environments. This study investigated the sorption performance of nano-montmorillonite (NMMT) for Cd ions. Adsorption experiments were carried out to examine the effects of the initial metal ion concentration (22.4–224 mg/L), pH (2.5–7.5), contact time (2–180 min) and temperature (15–40 °C). A simulated acid rain solution was prepared to study the desorption of Cd adsorbed on NMMT. After the adsorption or desorption process, the supernatant was analyzed using a flame atomic absorption spectrometry method. The Cd removal rate increased as the pH and contact time increased but decreased as the initial metal ion concentration increased. The maximum adsorption capacity was estimated to be 17.61 mg/g at a Cd²⁺ concentration of 22.4 mg/L. The sorption process can be described by both the Langmuir and Freundlich models, and the kinetic studies revealed that the pseudo-second-order model fit the experimental data. The Cd desorption rate when exposed to simulated acid rain was less than 1%. NMMT possesses a good adsorption capacity for Cd ions. Additionally, ion exchange was the main adsorption mechanism, but some precipitation or surface adsorption also occurred.     

功能化聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜同时高效萃取莠去津及其毒性代谢物

研制了一种新型固相萃取(SPE)介质,用于同时高效萃取莠去津(ATZ)及其两种毒性代谢产物脱乙基莠去津(DEA)和脱异丙基莠去津(DIA),为全面客观地评价ATZ的水污染状况提供基础.以聚丙烯腈纳米纤维(PAN NFs)膜为基底膜,制备了3种功能化的NFs膜.吸附容量和吸附效率实验结果表明,羧基修饰的PAN NFs(COOH-PAN NFs)膜对3种目标物的静态和动态吸附容量分别为2.00和0.19 mg/g,动态吸附流出率低于30.0％,显著优于其它3种NFs膜,且对极性较大的目标物保留最强,表明其为同时高效吸附ATZ、 DIA和DEA的优势SPE介质,且主要通过羧基基团与目标物之间形成的氢键进行目标物吸附.采用基于COOH-PAN NFs膜的SPE,结合高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD),建立了同时检测水样中ATZ、 DIA和DEA的方法,方法回收率为81.4％～120.3％, DIA检出限(LOD, S/N=3)为0.12 ng/mL,DEA和ATZ的检出限为0.09 ng/mL,可应用于实际水样监测.     

PVA/DTC纳米纤维的制备及对铅离子的吸附行为

通过高压静电纺丝技术制备了聚乙烯醇/聚乙烯亚胺(PVA/PEI)纳米纤维膜, 对纤维膜进行功能化使其转化为对重金属离子具有高络合能力的聚乙烯醇/二硫代氨基甲酸盐功能化聚乙烯亚胺(PVA/DTC)纳米纤维膜. 研究了PVA/PEI纳米纤维膜的交联和功能化以及PVA/DTC纤维膜对铅离子的吸附行为. 结果表明, 高压静电纺丝法可制备出纤维直径分布均匀、 形貌良好的纳米纤维膜, 且交联、 功能化后仍能保持蓬松纳米纤维状的网状结构. PVA/DTC纳米纤维膜对铅离子吸附速率快, 吸附量容量高, 且具有良好的再生吸附能力, 是一种潜在的重金属离子高效吸附材料.     

Synthesis and Application of Co‐Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐ethylene dimethacrylate) Coupled with Alizarin Yellow for Preconcentration and Determination of Lead in Water Samples by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐ethylene dimethacrylate) (PHEMA‐EDMA) beads were produced by free radical co‐polymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA). Then, metal complexing ligand alizarin yellow was covalently attached onto PHEMA‐EDMA beads. The resulting resin has been characterized by FT‐IR and studied for the preconcentration and determination of trace Pb(II) ion from solution samples. The optimum pH value for sorption of the metal ion was 5. The sorption capacity of functionalized resin is 100 mg.g^‐1. The chelating resin can be reused for 20 cycles of sorption‐desorption without any significant change in sorption capacity. A recovery of 96% was obtained for the metal ion with 0.1 M nitric acid as eluting agent. The equilibrium adsorption data of Pb(II) on modified resin were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich models. Based on equilibrium adsorption data the Langmuir and Freundlich constants were determined 2.571 and 418.7 at pH 5 and 25 °C. The method was applied for lead ions determination from well water sample.     

The use of amidoximated cellulose for the removalof metal ions and dyes from waste waters

The adsorption of metal ions such as Cu(II), Cr(III), Cd(II) and Ni(II)and dyes such as Acid Blue 25, Calmagite and Eriochrome Blue Black Bis performed onto amidoximated cellulose (Am-Cell). Different ways are possible for theadsorption of these pollutants onto Am-Cell : adsorption of each pollutantaloneon the support, or cumulative adsorption of both metal ions and dyes on the samesupport. In the last case, the pollutants may be adsorbed simultaneously from aunique solution, or successively from two different solutions, whatever theorder. Am-Cell loaded or not with metal ions shows a high capacity for dyeadsorption. Ternary complexes involving metal/dye/amidoxime are formed. Theobserved stoichiometries are 1/1/1 with Cu(II), Cr(III) and Cd(II) ions and1/1/2with Ni(II) ion. A quasi-total and specific desorption of either metal ions (bytreatment with ethylenediaminetetracetic salt) or of dyes (by heating inaqueoussolution) is possible from these ternary complexes. Concerning the dyes, manysuccessive adsorption/desorption cycles are possible without a noticeablechange in the adsorption capacity.