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1.
王素素  张月  李辉  许苗苗 《应用化学》2015,32(11):1290-1298
以芦丁(RT)-槲皮素(QT)为混合模板分子制备了芦丁-槲皮素复合模板分子印迹聚合物。 优化了制备条件,研究了模板用量比、功能单体及交联剂用量对印迹聚合物吸附性能的影响。 用傅里叶红外光谱和扫描电镜对分子印迹聚合物进行结构表征。 探讨了分子印迹聚合物的吸附动力学、等温吸附及键合位点特征,考察了其选择识别性能,并以分子印迹聚合物为吸附介质,萃取分离芦丁粗提液中的目标化合物。 结果表明,当槲皮素与芦丁的摩尔比为3:2,且模板总量与功能单体及交联剂用量摩尔比为1:8:10时,所得分子印迹聚合物的吸附性能最好,对槲皮素和芦丁的吸附量分别达47.86和60.97 mg/g。 吸附可在3.5 h内达到平衡,显示了较快的吸附动力学。 Scatchard分析表明,分子印迹聚合物基体中存在四类不同性能的键合位点,分别为芦丁和槲皮素的高亲和键合位点及非选择键合位点。 相对分布系数(k=Kd(RT)/Kd(QT),Kd=qee,Kd为分布系数,qe为平衡吸附量,ρe为平衡质量浓度)大于1,表明了分子印迹聚合物对芦丁具有更高的选择键合作用,当模拟混合物中芦丁和槲皮素浓度分别为0.07和0.03 mmol/L时,相对分布系数和分离因子(α=qe(RT)/qe(QT))分别达6.669和25.02。 另外,以乙腈、甲醇及甲醇-醋酸混合物依次为洗脱剂,通过分子印迹固相萃取可从槐米提取物中分离芦丁和槲皮素两种黄酮类化合物,总回收率分别为96.70%和94.67%。  相似文献   

2.
采用氨基-过硫酸盐氧化还原引发体系, 先实现了甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)在微米级硅胶微粒表面的引发接枝聚合, 制得高接枝度的接枝微粒PHEMA/SiO2. 然后使接枝大分子PHEMA的侧羟基与5-氯-8-羟基喹啉(CHQ)发生亲核取代反应, 将8-羟基喹啉(HQ)基团键合在接枝大分子侧链, 使接枝大分子PHEMA实现8-羟基喹啉功能化转变, 制得表面含有高密度HQ基团的功能接枝微粒HQ-PHEMA/SiO2, 考察研究了功能微粒HQ-PHEMA/SiO2对Cd2+离子的强螯合吸附作用. 在此基础上, 采用本课题组建立的新的分子表面印迹技术, 以Cd2+离子为模板离子, 二氯乙醚为交联剂, 对接枝在硅胶表面的功能大分子链HQ-PHEMA进行了离子印迹, 制备了Cd2+离子表面印迹材料IIP-HQP/SiO2, 深入考察研究了其离子识别与结合特性. 实验结果表明, 该离子表面印迹材料对Cd2+离子具有特异的识别选择性与优良的结合亲和性, 相对于Cu2+和Pb2+两种对比离子, 印迹材料IIP-HQP/SiO2对Cd2+离子的识别选择性系数分别高达25.52和22.91, 显示出超高的离子识别能力.  相似文献   

3.
选取典型的矿物质氧化物为吸附剂,在两段式固定床反应器中研究了模拟烟气气氛下吸附剂吸附As2O3、PbO的特性,吸附反应的原子态密度、吸附位、吸附能等通过密度泛函理论(DFT)计算获得。结果表明,CaO的砷吸附容量最大,900℃吸附砷容量为5.25 mg/g;其次是Fe2O3、MgO、Al2O3,吸附的砷以As3+和As5+的砷酸盐形式存在,高岭土和飞灰具有较大的PbO吸附容量,最大吸附容量分别为6.69和2.75 mg/g;其次是SiO2和Al2O3,并且50%SiO2/50%Al2O3混合吸附剂的铅吸附容量高于单一氧化物,吸附剂表面O原子是As2O3的吸附活性位点,吸附剂暴露的不饱和Si和Al原子是PbO的吸附活性位点,此外温度、烟气气氛...  相似文献   

4.
利用溶剂热法,以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,硝酸锌为锌源一次性合成了二氧化硅/氧化锌(SiO2/ZnO)复合材料,利用傅里叶红外光谱和X射线衍射对其结构进行了表征分析,研究了该复合材料对亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B的吸附性能。结果表明,SiO2/ZnO可快速去除水中的亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B,并在20 min内达到吸附平衡,SiO2/ZnO对亚甲基蓝的吸附速率和吸附量均高于罗丹明B。吸附动力学研究表明,SiO2/ZnO对亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B的吸附动力学均符合准二级动力学方程。等温吸附数据分析表明,Langmuir比Freundlich模型能更好地拟合亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B的吸附过程,由Langmuir计算得到亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B的单层饱和吸附量分别为235.3 mg/g和100.1 mg/g。此外,SiO2/ZnO具有良好的重复使用性能,经过5次吸附-脱附循环后,其对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力仍保持在80%以上。  相似文献   

5.
选取典型的矿物质氧化物为吸附剂,在两段式固定床反应器中研究了模拟烟气气氛下吸附剂吸附As2O3、PbO的特性,吸附反应的原子态密度、吸附位、吸附能等通过密度泛函理论(DFT)计算获得。结果表明,CaO的砷吸附容量最大,900 ℃吸附砷容量为5.25 mg/g;其次是Fe2O3、MgO、Al2O3,吸附的砷以As3+和As5+的砷酸盐形式存在,高岭土和飞灰具有较大的PbO吸附容量,最大吸附容量分别为6.69和2.75 mg/g;其次是SiO2和Al2O3,并且50%SiO2/50%Al2O3 混合吸附剂的铅吸附容量高于单一氧化物,吸附剂表面O原子是As2O3的吸附活性位点,吸附剂暴露的不饱和Si和Al原子是PbO的吸附活性位点,此外温度、烟气气氛对吸附容量和吸附产物有显著影响。  相似文献   

6.
以Li2CO3和SiO2为原料,通过高温固相合成法合成了CO2捕集剂Li4SiO4,并用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所合成的材料在CO2捕集前后的晶相变化以及微观结构进行了表征。通过热重分析仪(TGA)研究了Li4SiO4材料吸附CO2的性能,并在小型热态实验台架上进行了CO2热态捕集实验。实验结果表明,Li4SiO4对CO2的捕集性能受Li4SiO4合成温度、CO2的吸附温度以及气体中CO2含量的影响,在700 ℃下制得的Li4SiO4具有最佳的CO2吸附特性,最大吸附增量可达34%。Li4SiO4的吸附能力随着CO2含量和吸附时间的增加而增加,当CO2浓度分别为75%、67%、60%时,700 ℃ Li4SiO4对CO2最大吸附量分别可达6.68 mmol/g、3.37 mmol/g、2.02 mmol/g (理论量8.33 mmol/g)。  相似文献   

7.
制备了氨丙基键合硅胶(SiO2-N)、乙二胺-N-丙基键合硅胶(SiO2-2N)、二乙烯三胺基键合硅胶(SiO2-3N)、三乙烯四胺基键合硅胶(SiO2-4N)、四乙烯五胺基键合硅胶(SiO2-5N)、五乙烯六胺基键合硅胶(SiO2-6N)和聚乙烯亚胺基键合硅胶(SiO2-nN),一步法制备的SiO2-N和SiO2-2N的胺基键合密度高达2.07 mmol/g和1.71mmol/g,两步法制备的SiO2-nN的胺基键合密度为0.02mmol/g,其余胺基键合硅胶中胺基密度约为0.50mmol/g。这7种胺基键合硅胶被用于水溶液中常见重金属离子Pb2+的吸附研究。结果表明,在30℃条件下,分别加入10 mL 400 mg/L的Pb2+溶液(pH 5)和20 mg胺基键合硅胶进行吸附,10 h后,Pb2+吸附量达到最大,吸附过程符合Freundlich等温方程。SiO2-N、SiO2-2N、SiO2-3N、SiO2-4N、SiO2-5N、SiO2-6N和SiO2-nN对Pb2+的吸附量依次为131.28、138.98、85.37、75.22、61.87、79.12和114.06 mg/g,这些胺基键合硅胶在吸附Pb2+方面均非常具有潜力。  相似文献   

8.
利用PVA侧链上的羟基的化学活性, 采用超支化聚胺-酯对改性纳米SiO2和PVA接枝改性, 并加入不同锂盐,制备了SiO2-g-HBPAE/PVA-g-HBPAE超支化/梳状复合型聚合物电解质, 利用SEM观察了纳米粒子在基体中的分散情况, 采用DSC、拉伸实验以及介电谱研究了锂盐种类及添加量对复合体系性能的影响. 结果表明, 超支化接枝改善了SiO2和基体的界面相容性; 磺酸类锂盐在复合材料中表现出自增塑现象, 材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)大幅度下降; LiClO4在基体中的离解能力强于LiCF3SO3和 LiN(SO3CF3)2; 当LiCF3SO3添加量为20 %(by mass, 下文同)时, 聚合物电解质的室温电导率达到最大值2.58×10-6 S•cm-1.  相似文献   

9.
采用回流沉淀聚合法与复合模板技术相结合,以槲皮素与橙皮素作为复合模板分子,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,二乙烯基吡啶(2-VP)为功能单体,合成了对黄酮类化合物具有组选择性的分子印迹聚合物。利用电镜分析及紫外光谱法对聚合物制备时间和吸附性能进行考察。结果表明,聚合物最佳制备时间为3 h,其对黄酮类化合物体现出良好的组选择性,吸附容量范围在49.82~37.54 mg/g之间。表明所制备聚合物可用于天然产物中黄酮类化合物的分离提取。  相似文献   

10.
牛庆媛  高保娇  刘苏宇  孙中军 《化学学报》2010,68(24):2600-2608
通过γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷的媒介, 将功能大分子聚甲基丙烯酸(PMAA)偶合接枝到硅胶微粒表面, 形成了接枝微粒PMAA/SiO2, 采用本课题组建立的新型分子表面印迹技术, 以生物碱苦参碱(来源于苦豆子)为模板分子, 乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(EGDE)为交联剂, 对接枝在硅胶表面的PMAA大分子链进行了分子印迹, 制备了苦参碱表面分子印迹材料MIP-PMAA/SiO2. 以另一种生物碱金雀花碱(亦来源于苦豆子)为对比物, 采用静态与动态两种方法研究了MIP-PMAA/SiO2对苦参碱的结合性能与分子识别特性. 实验结果表明, 印迹材料MIP-PMAA/SiO2对苦参碱具有特异的识别选择性与优良的结合亲和性, 相对于金雀花碱(与苦参碱共存于苦豆子植物中, 且结构彼此相似), 识别选择性系数为8.14. 此外, 印迹材料MIP-PMAA/SiO2也具有良好的解吸性能, 以含氯化钠的乙酸水溶液作为洗脱液, 17个床体积内解吸率达到99.77%.  相似文献   

11.
Flavonoids and alkaloids are two major classes of plant compounds with biological activities, and they usually coexist in many medicinal herbs. In this study, a novel collagen fiber adsorbent (CFA) was prepared, and its application for adsorption chromatography separation of flavonoids and alkaloids was systematically investigated. The typical flavonoids, rutin and baicalin, and the typical alkaloids, matrine and caffeine, were selected as probe molecules for the investigations. The batch adsorption behaviors of these compounds on CFA in different solvents indicated that hydrogen bond plays a predominant role for the adsorption of flavonoid and alkaloid in pure ethanol, while the hydrophobic interaction plays a predominant role for the adsorption in water. In column chromatography separation, flavonoids were completely separated from alkaloids by a stepwise elution process with pure ethanol followed by aqueous ethanol solution. The two flavonoids, rutin and baicalin, were also well separated although the two alkaloids, matrine and caffeine, were washed out together. The optimal loading volume of sample solution (10 mg/mL) for the separation was determined as 0.66 mL/g CFA. Under these conditions, flavonoid and alkaloid were effectively separated with a recovery higher than 90% in 8 times repeated applications.  相似文献   

12.
乙二胺硅胶材料对铜和锌离子的动态吸附   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
合成了胺基含量为1.35 mmol/g的乙二胺硅胶材料(EDA/SiO2),研究了EDA/SiO2对Cu2+和Zn2+的动态吸附及动态竞争吸附。结果表明,铜溶液流量和初始浓度对材料动态吸附性能有显著影响,随着溶液初始浓度的增大、流速的加快,穿透时间明显缩短。动态吸附实验结果符合Thomas模型,计算结果显示,铜溶液初始浓度由1.99 mmol/L增大至10.00 mmol/L时,模型平衡吸附容量q0从0.272 mmol/g增大至0.476 mmol/g,影响显著;流量对q0影响不显著。溶液流量和初始浓度对吸附速率常数kTh均有影响,随溶液流量增大、初始浓度的降低,速率常数值增大。在单一体系中,EDA/SiO2对Cu2+和Zn2+的工作吸附量分别为0.340和0.127 mmol/g,混合体系的吸附量均小于单一体系中的吸附量,并且对Zn2+的吸附量下降显著,表明EDA/SiO2对Cu2+的吸附能力强于Zn2+。6次循环实验表明,盐酸和氨水可对EDA/SiO2材料实现再生,再生后材料对铜的吸附容量和穿透时间的下降幅度不大,可重复使用。  相似文献   

13.
通过用表面引发接枝聚合和高分子反应制备8-羟基喹啉型复合螯合微粒.首先使用γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(AMPS)对微米级硅胶微粒进行表面改性,制得改性微粒AMPS-SiO2;使改性微粒AMPS-SiO2表面的氨基与溶液中的过硫酸盐构成氧化-还原引发体系,实施了甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)在硅胶微粒表面的高效引发接枝聚合,制得了接枝微粒PHEMA/SiO2.又以5-氯甲基-8-羟基喹啉(CHQ)为试剂,使接枝的PHEMA发生大分子反应,实现了接枝微粒PHEMA/SiO2的8-羟基喹啉功能化转变,制得了复合微粒HQ-PHEMA/SiO2.采用多种手段对两种微粒进行了表征,重点研究了氨基-过硫酸盐表面引发接枝体系的接枝聚合机理,并研究了CHQ与接枝PHEMA的醇羟基之间取代反应的机理,还初步考察了功能微粒HQ-PHEMA/SiO2对重金属离子的螯合吸附性能.研究结果表明,氨基-过硫酸盐表面引发接枝聚合体系具有很高的引发活性,在室温(30℃)即可制得高接枝密度(40 g/100g)的接枝微粒PHEMA/SiO2;CHQ与接枝PHEMA的醇羟基之间的取代反应遵循SN1的反应历程,使用强极性溶剂有利于反应的进行.微粒HQ-PHEMA/SiO2对重金属离子呈现很强的螯合吸附能力,是一种功能复合微粒.  相似文献   

14.
The antioxidant efficiency of dry extracts from inflorescences and/or leaves of seven Sorbus species was studied using four in vitro tests of SET (single electron transfer) and HAT-type (hydrogen atom transfer) mechanisms. The 70% methanol extracts and its diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water fractions were tested in parallel with the phenolic standards, e.g., caffeic acid, quercetin, BHA, BHT, and Trolox. The SET-type activity of the extracts depended primarily on the extraction solvent. The most valuable extracts were n-butanol and ethyl acetate ones, which activity was high in the DPPH (EC(50) = 3.2-5.2 μg/mL), TEAC (2.8-4.0 mmol Trolox/g), and FRAP (9.8-13.7 mmol Fe2+/g) tests, and strongly correlated with the total phenolic levels (39.6-58.2% of gallic acid equivalents). The HPLC-PDA analysis of the extracts led to the identification of chlorogenic acid, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, rutin, quercetin 3-O-sophoroside, and sexangularetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside as the main components. Apart from flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids, proanthocyanidins have also a significant impact on the SET-type activity. The HAT-reactivity of the extracts in the linoleic acid peroxidation test (IC(50) = 36.9-228.3 μg/mL) depended more strongly on the plant tissue than on the extraction solvent, and its correlation with the phenolic content was weak. Both SET and HAT-type activity of the most potent Sorbus extracts was comparable with the activity of the standards, indicating their great potential as effective sources for health products.  相似文献   

15.
Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide/chalcone/formic acid, a green ternary deep eutectic solvent, was applied as a functional monomer and dummy template simultaneously in the synthesis of a new molecularly imprinted polymer. Ternary deep eutectic solvent based molecularly imprinted polymers are used as a solid‐phase extraction sorbent in the separation and purification of rutin and quercetin from Herba Artemisiae Scopariae combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy were applied to characterize the deep eutectic solvent based molecularly imprinted polymers synthesized using different molar ratios of chalcone. The static and competitive adsorption tests were performed to examine the recognition ability of the molecularly imprinted polymers to rutin and quercetin. The ternary deep eutectic solvent consisting of formic acid/chalcone/methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (1:0.05:0.5) had the best molecular recognition effect. After optimization of the washing solvents (methanol/water, 1:9) and eluting solvents (acetonitrile/acetic acid, 9:1), a reliable analytical method was developed for strong recognition towards rutin and quercetin in Herba Artemisiae Scopariae with satisfactory extraction recoveries (rutin: 92.48%, quercetin: 94.23%). Overall, the chalcone ternary deep eutectic solvent‐based molecularly imprinted polymer coupled with solid‐phase extraction is an effective method for the selective purification of multiple bioactive compounds in complex samples.  相似文献   

16.
A novel composite Chitosan graft poly (acrylic acid-co-N-isopropylacrylamide)/graphite oxide (CTS-g-P(AA-co-NIPAM/GO) is synthesized and used to remove methylene blue (MB) and fuchsin basic (FB) from aqueous solutions by adsorption. Small amount of GO brings about great improvement of the thermostability together with the adsorption amount. Adsorption capacities of MB and FB increase from 842.1 and 633.7 mg/g, respectively, to 1496.3 and 1000.8 mg/g, respectively, with 0.02 g intercalation amount of GO. The interactions between GO and main body of CTS-g-P(AA-co-NIPAM) graft copolymer are hydrogen and amide bonds, whereas that between dye molecules and CTS-g-P(AA-co-NIPAM)/GO composite is hydrogen bond as well as electrostatic interaction. Effect of various conditions on the adsorption capacities is discussed. Adsorption isotherms and thermodynamics are studied. The adsorption of both MB and FB are spontaneous and satisfy the Redlich-Peterson equation. Kinetic study shows that the adsorption of both dyes is in accordance with the Pseudo first-order kinetic model.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the major flavonoids content and bioactivities of Tartary buckwheat sprouts. The crude methanol extract (ME) of Tartary buckwheat sprouts was abundant in flavonoids, and six major flavonoids, including isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin, rutin, quercetin, and kaemferol were successfully determined from the sprouts by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Generally, the flavonoid content of buckwheat sprouts was in the order of rutin > quercetin > isovitexin > vitexin> isoorientin > kaemferol. The highest rutin content of the ME and sprout cultures was 89.81 mg/g and 31.50 mg/g, respectively. Antibacterial activity results indicated the ME displayed notable inhibitory activity against the five tested bacteria, and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 0.8 mg/mL to 3.2 mg/mL. Among the six flavonoids, quercetin was the most active compound, which exhibited strong activity against all tested bacteria except for E. coli and S. epidermidis, with its MIC values ranging from 0.2 mg/mL to 0.4 mg/mL. For the antifungal activity assay, the ME of Tartary buckwheat sprouts and four flavonoids could significantly inhibit the spore germination of two pathogenic fungi, and their inhibitory efficiency was concentration dependent. Quercetin was the most active one, which significantly inhibited the spore germination of F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, and its median effective inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was 42.36 and 32.85 µg/mL, respectively. The antioxidant activity results showed that quercetin, kaemferol, and rutin displayed excellent antioxidant activity in the DPPH radical scavenging test, and their IC50 value was calculated as 5.60, 16.23, and 27.95 µg/mL, respectively. This is the first report on the antimicrobial activity of the crude extract of Tartary buckwheat sprouts. These results indicated that the methanol extract of Tartary buckwheat sprouts could be used as a potential antimicrobial or antioxidant agent in the future.  相似文献   

18.
Flavonoids are important active ingredients in many traditional Chinese medicines. In this paper, capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection was employed to separate and detect eight flavonoids, rutin, quercetrin, quercetin, kaempferol, kaempferide, catechin, apigenin, and luteolin, in a home‐made capillary electrophoresis device. Under the separation voltage of 2000 V, the eight flavonoids could be completely separated within 33 min in 18 mM borax running buffer at pH 10.2. Good linear relationships were obtained for all analytes and the detection limits for flavonoids ranged from 0.46 to 0.85 μM. Then, the method was applied to separate and determine the flavonoids in three traditional Chinese medicines, hippophae rhamnoides, hypericum perforatum, and cacumen platycladi. Finally, rutin, kaempferol, quercetin, and quercetrin were discovered in these medicines and the concentrations ranged from 0.28 to 9.94 mg/g. The recoveries of flavonoids ranged from 84.7 to 113%, which showed the high reliability of this method.  相似文献   

19.
A new three‐dimensional graphene oxide‐wrapped melamine foam was prepared and used as a solid‐phase extraction substrate. β‐Cyclodextrin was fabricated onto the surface of three‐dimensional graphene oxide‐wrapped melamine foam by a chemical covalent interaction. In view of a specific surface area and a large delocalized π electron system of graphene oxide, in combination with a hydrophobic interior cavity and a hydrophilic peripheral face of β‐cyclodextrin, the prepared extraction material was proposed for the determination of flavonoids. In order to demonstrate the extraction properties of the as‐prepared material, the adsorption energies were theoretically calculated based on periodic density functional theory. Static‐state and dynamic‐state binding experiments were also investigated, which revealed the monolayer coverage of flavonoids onto the β‐cyclodextrin/graphene oxide‐wrapped melamine foams through the chemical adsorption. 1H NMR spectroscopy indicated the formation of flavonoids–β‐cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. Under the optimum conditions, the proposed method exhibited acceptable linear ranges (2–200 μg/L for rutin and quercetin‐3‐O‐rhamnoside; 5–200 μg/L for quercetin) with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9979 to 0.9994. The batch‐to‐batch reproducibility (= 5) was 3.5–6.8%. Finally, the as‐established method was satisfactorily applied for the determination of flavonoids in Lycium barbarum (Goji) samples with relative recoveries in the range of 77.9–102.6%.  相似文献   

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