基于聚集诱导发光的荧光探针法检测植酸和植酸酶

以4-甲氧基二苯甲酮为原料,合成了四苯乙烯季铵盐化合物4,将其作为荧光探针分子用于植酸和植酸酶的检测。植酸中含有6个带负电荷的磷酸根离子,在静电引力的作用下,诱导带正电荷的四苯乙烯季铵盐发生聚集,导致荧光增强;向该体系中加入植酸酶后,在植酸酶的催化作用下,植酸被水解,聚集体解聚,荧光明显减弱。从而建立了水相中植酸和植酸酶检测的新方法,实现了对植酸和植酸酶的灵敏检测。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定食品中的植酸

植酸(phytic Acid)存在于多种谷物食品中,其是谷物食品中磷的主要贮存方式。人类对植酸利用率极低,植酸的强螯合能力影响人体对必需元素Ca~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Fe~(3+)的吸收和它们的生物学活性,植酸还抑制胃蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶的活性,因此几十年来一直是研究的重要课题。植酸测定方法有沉淀法,上清液差值法和AOAC阴离子交换法。本文介绍一种改进的阴离子     

植酸基多孔保润材料的制备及其在烟草保润性能方面的应用

烟草传统保润剂多数为多羟基物质,依据其极性基团与水分子的氢键作用来维持烟草的含水率,植酸含有大量的羟基基团,理论上可作为烟草保润剂使用,然而,在实际应用过程中,聚糖分子颗粒内部会形成多重氢键作用,柔性链之间紧密堆积,导致水分子无法进入保润剂颗粒内部,严重地影响了保润剂的吸水容量和储水能力（羟基基团使用率<20%）。为了将植酸分子柱撑,破坏其氢键链接形成的紧密堆积结构。本文采用苯甲酸作为单元,使其与植酸分子发生羧酸酐共聚反应,制备了植酸基多孔保润材料。该材料具有较高的稳定性,能够稳定到200℃以上;材料通过植酸分子形成的二维层状结构,由80～150 nm的颗粒堆积而成;其比表面积对比原始的植酸分子提升了近18倍;由于苯甲酸分子与植酸分子发生聚合之后,破坏了植酸酸分子之间原先的紧密堆积结构,其水气吸附量对比植酸分子提升了3.1倍。在25℃、30%RH条件下,添加植酸多孔保润材料的烟丝72 h平衡含水率较传统保润剂提升27.92%。     

pH值对AZ31镁合金表面植酸转化膜在模拟体液耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用沉积的方法在镁合金AZ31表面制备植酸转化膜并研究了pH值的影响. 利用极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱方法测定其耐腐蚀性能,用扫描电子显微镜观察转化膜的表面微观结构,用能谱测定转化膜的组成元素. 在理论上通过热力学的方法分析最佳pH值. 植酸转化膜可以提高镁合金AZ31的耐腐蚀性能. 当植酸溶液的pH=5时腐蚀效率达到了89.19%,此时腐蚀电位正移了156 mV,腐蚀电流密度与没有处理的试样相比减小了约一个数量级. 热力学分析表明植酸转化膜的耐腐蚀性能不仅受植酸根离子和镁离子浓度的影响,也与氢气释放的速率有关.     

三烷基混合叔胺-正辛醇-磺化煤油萃取菜籽粕酸脱毒液中的植酸

用三烷基混合叔胺(N235)-正辛醇-磺化煤油从菜籽粕酸脱毒废液中萃取植酸,研究了水相pH值、植酸浓度、N235浓度对植酸分配比的影响。 确定萃取植酸的最佳条件为：初始pH=3.0、N235的浓度0.17 mol/L、正辛醇浓度0.48 mol/L、相比R为5∶1、萃取时间5 min,对0.02 mol/L标准植酸溶液的萃取率为95.2%。 以0.25 mol/L NaOH溶液为反萃取剂,在相比5∶2下反萃取5 min,三级反萃取总收率达到82.6%。 实验证明加入正辛醇可提高N235萃取植酸的分配比,可能与正辛醇和N235形成“分子簇”结构产生协同萃取有关。     

大分子植酸-聚有机硅倍半氧烷的合成及性能

采用溶胶-凝胶方法, 无需小分子酸催化剂, 利用硅烷化植酸的反应活性和酸催化活性, 与硅烷单体共水解缩聚, 在聚有机硅倍半氧烷分子链上原位接枝植酸, 合成了分子量大于50000的大分子植酸-聚有机硅倍半氧烷. 用GPC, 13C NMR, 29Si NMR, XPS, Raman光谱, SEM及电化学测试等分析手段进行表征, 对比不同酸催化植酸-聚有机硅倍半氧烷(PAP), 单宁酸-聚有机硅半氧烷(TAP), 盐酸-聚有机硅半氧烷(HCP)的结构和性能, 发现植酸-聚有机硅倍半氧烷上的螯合基团与金属表面的活性基团反应而键合, 在金属表面形成致密的保护膜, PAP与TAP和HCP比较具有优异的防腐性能.     

光度检测离子色谱法测定大豆中的植酸

本文介绍了用光度检测离子色谱法分离分析植酸的适宜条件。以NaNO_3和HNO_3为淋洗液,用磺基水杨酸和三氯化铁为柱后衍生试剂,使用国产YSA型阴离子分离柱分离和测定了大豆中的植酸,得到满意的结果。     

高纯度植酸的制备

高纯度植酸的制备孙定光胡佩廖显威（四川师范大学化学系成都６１００６６）关键词植酸制备高纯试剂中图分类号Ｏ６２９．９植酸（ＰｈｙｔｉｃＡｃｉｄ）又名肌醇六磷酸酯，分子式：Ｃ６Ｈ１８Ｏ２４Ｐ６，结构为植酸是中等强度的有机酸，因其结构特殊，具极强的螯合作用...     

EDTA作基体改进剂火焰原子吸收法直接测定植酸中钙

植酸中钙含量一般在千分之几至万分之几之间.目前测定植酸中钙含量的方法有:草酸铵沉淀法、ICP-AES法、原子吸收分光光度法等.草酸铵沉淀法分析手续冗繁、耗时;ICP-AES法仪器昂贵;原子吸收法因植酸中含有大量的磷(11%～20%),在乙炔-空气火焰中与钙生成耐熔性化合物,不易原子化,即使加入相当量的锶和镧,也难以全部消除这种干扰,使得钙的测定结果严重偏低.本文采取直接稀释植酸,加入EDTA作基体改进剂,用乙炔-空气火焰原子吸收法测定植酸中钙含量,取得满意的效果,回收率为101%,与ICP-AES法测定比较,结果吻合.     

抑制型离子色谱法检测植物样品中植酸根及磷酸根的含量

采用抑制型高效离子色谱法检测植物样品中植酸根和磷酸根的含量。样品用1%(质量分数)三氯乙酸处理,离心沉降 后取上清液经0.45 μm微孔滤膜过滤后注入离子色谱仪。用0.22 mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液、水和50%(体积分数)异丙醇水 溶液进行梯度淋洗,经微膜抑制后检测其电导率。实验结果表明,植酸根与磷酸根的检测不受F-、Cl-、SO2-4、NO-3、CC l3CO-2等阴离子的干扰。植酸根、磷酸根的质量浓度分别为5~400 mg/L和5~500 mg/L 时与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r2分别为0.9994和0.9999),检出限分别为3.5 mg/L和1.5 mg/L;植酸根、磷酸根的平均 回收率分别为99.8%和98.4%,检测结果的相对标准偏差分别为1.98%和2.09%。     

紫锥花种属中酚类化合物的HPLC分析

本文报道了一种测定紫锥花草药中咖啡酸、对羟基苯甲酸、对-香豆酸、原儿茶酸、丁香酸、阿魏酸、香草酸、咖啡奎尼酸、洋蓟酸、菊苣酸和紫锥花苷等11种酚类化合物的高效液相色谱分析方法。本法可应用于各种紫锥花草药中酚类化合物的测定。结果表明,在紫锥菊种属中含量最多的酚类化合物是菊苣酸、咖啡奎尼酸和紫锥花苷;在狭叶紫锥菊种属中含量较丰的是紫锥花苷和菊苣酸;而在白花紫锥菊种属中则以紫锥花苷以含量较多。     

Use of complexing ligands in the determination of antimony and tin by atomic-absorption spectrometry

The atomic-absorption spectrophotometric determination of antimony is best achieved in the presence of either an ammonium fluoride, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid mixture, or one of the following complexing agents: tartaric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, 2-mercaptopropanoic acid. The interference of the 29 metals tested is least in the ammonium fluoride-hydrochloric acid-nitric acid mixture and is similar in tartaric acid, citric acid and 2-mercaptopropanoic acid media. However, the interference is pronounced in oxalic acid. Tin can be determined if any of the complexing agents or 6M hydrochloric acid is present.     

Assay of free ferulic acid and total ferulic acid for quality assessment of Angelica sinensis

Activity of Chinese Danggui (DG), the processed root of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, is linked to the ferulic acid content but the stability of ferulic acid during extraction for medicinal use is not known. The stabilities of ferulic acid and coniferyl ferulate were evaluated in the extracts of DG using a variety of extraction solvents. These included various combinations and proportions of methanol, water, formic acid, 1 M aqueous hydrochloric acid and 2% sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) in water. Coniferyl ferulate was found liable to hydrolyze into ferulic acid in neutral, strongly acidic and basic solvents, where heat and water could facilitate this hydrolysis. However, the hydrolysis was relatively resisted in weakly organic acid. Based on the stability evaluation, two new terms, namely: free ferulic acid and total ferulic acid, were suggested and defined. Free ferulic acid refers to the natural content of ferulic acid in herbs. Total ferulic acid means the sum of free ferulic acid plus the amount of related hydrolyzed components. Meanwhile, the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed to assay free ferulic acid and total ferulic acid in DG using methanol-formic acid (95:5) and methanol-2% NaHCO3 in water (95:5) as extraction solvents, respectively. Ten DG samples were investigated on their contents of free and total ferulic acid. The results indicated that the amount variety of free ferulic acid was larger than that of their counterparts, and the ratio of total ferulic acid to free ferulic acid was 4.07 +/- 2.73 (mean +/- SD, n = 10). The chemical assay of DG using total ferulic acid content would be a better choice to assess the herbal quality and was recommended.     

大气中一元酸催化亚硫酸分解反应的从头算及动力学研究

采用从头算的理论计算方法,在CCSD（T）/aug-cc-pVDZ//MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ水平下,对甲酸、乙酸、丙酸和硝酸催化亚硫酸分解成二氧化硫和水的微观反应机理进行了理论研究.结果表明,这4种一元酸均可使亚硫酸分解反应能垒显著降低,降低幅度由大到小的顺序为丙酸 > 乙酸 > 甲酸 > 硝酸.其中,丙酸甚至使反应能垒从裸反应时的99.84 kJ/mol降至27.24 kJ/mol.在此基础上,计算了200~320 K温度范围内4种一元酸催化亚硫酸分解反应的速率常数,并结合它们在大气中的实际浓度计算了有效速率常数.结果表明,在实际大气环境中,乙酸对亚硫酸分解反应的催化效果最为显著.当乙酸存在时,亚硫酸在室温下的大气寿命仅为0.02 s.     

钨酸催化氧化环己烯合成己二酸

以钨酸/有机酸性添加剂为催化体系, 在无有机溶剂、相转移剂的情况下, 催化30%过氧化氢氧化环己烯合成己二酸. 当钨酸∶有机酸性添加剂∶环己烯∶过氧化氢＝1∶1∶40∶176(摩尔比, 钨酸用量为2.5 mmol)时, 使用有机酸性添加剂考察钨酸的催化性能, 结果表明以钨酸/间苯二酚催化氧化环己烯的催化效果最优, 反应8 h时己二酸分离产率达90.9%、纯度为～100%; 而不使用有机酸性添加剂时, 己二酸分离产率只有72.1%, 产品纯度为96.2%. 当使用磺酸水杨酸、草酸、水杨酸为有机酸性添加剂时, 随反应时间的增加, 己二酸分离产率均升高, 但反应6 h以后, 己二酸分离产率随时间的变化不明显. 当磺酸水杨酸用量为2.5 mmol时, 己二酸分离产率和纯度均较高. 钨酸-磺酸水杨酸催化体系重复使用五次后, 己二酸分离产率仍可达到80.5%.     

Gas chromatographic profiling of phenolic acids in urine of patients with cirrhosis of the liver

Phenolic acids are analysed within the profile of the organic acids in urine of patients with cirrhosis. For the following constituents an increased urinary excretion is observed: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxyhippuric acid, vanillic acid, homovanillic acid, 4-hydroxymandelic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylpropionic acid and p-cresol. The phenols are metabolites of tyrosine and are produced in the liver, in extrahepatic tissues and by intestinal microorganisms. They are suggested as biochemical control parameters for the metabolizing function of the liver, for the effect of therapy and for the existence of portal-systemic venous collaterals.     

Fatty Acid Composition of Pistachio Nuts in Turkey

In this study oil yields and fatty acid compositions in the kernels of two varieties (Uzun and Siirt) of pistachio grown in different region of Turkey were investigated. Kernel oils were obtained by Soxhlet extraction using petroleum ether. The yields were found to be 57.1-58.9% and 56.1-62.6 respectively for the Uzun and Siirt varieties, on a moisture-free basis. Fatty acid composition of oils were analysed by GC/MS in the methyl ester form. Fourteen fatty acid components representing about 99% of the total oils were characterised. Oleic acid (55.4-62.6% and 60.7-65.5%, respectively) was the main fatty acid component in both varieties. Pentadecanoic acid, (Z)-7-hexadecenoic acid, margaric acid, Z-7-octadecenoic acid, arachidic acid, 11-eicosenoic acid, and behenic acid were detected in both varieties for the first time.     

Sustained blood concentration of salicylic acid following rectal administration of salicyluric acid in dogs

The blood concentrations of salicyluric acid and salicylic acid following rectal, intravenous and oral administrations of salicyluric acid (5, 10 and 60 mg/kg, respectively: salicylic acid equivalent) were determined in dogs. After rectal administration, a small amount of salicyluric acid was absorbed in intact form. The rest was hydrolyzed to salicylic acid, which was subsequently absorbed. The blood concentration of salicylic acid was maintained at 0.4-0.7 microgram/ml from 2 to 12 h. Following intravenous administration of salicyluric acid, salicyluric acid was detected in the blood but was rapidly eliminated. A trace amount of salicylic acid was detected, suggesting that systemic de-conjugation of glycine was involved. After oral administration of salicyluric acid, salicyluric acid was well absorbed. Salicylic acid was detected at low concentration for 12 h. Species difference in the metabolic fate of salicyluric acid in dogs, rabbits, rats and humans reported previously is discussed.     

除锈剂对莲藕铁膜的去除效果研究

分别以采摘后的莲藕和水泥微池中种植的莲藕为材料,比较不同除锈剂对根状茎铁膜的去除效果,以期为莲藕根状茎铁膜的田间防除提供依据。在莲藕采后除铁膜实验中,抗坏血酸在较短时间内将莲藕根状茎上的铁膜完全去除干净,除锈效果好,其次是草酸和柠檬酸。抗坏血酸和柠檬酸混合除锈可提高除锈效率,0.000 87 mol/L柠檬酸和0.012 5 mol/L抗坏血酸共混合处理3 h、0.000 43 mol/L柠檬酸和0.012 5 mol/L抗坏血酸混合处理3 h,可提高除锈效率,减少除锈剂使用。可见将抗坏血酸和柠檬酸按一定比例混合施用对铁膜的去除效果更好,其成本较单独使用抗坏血酸或柠檬酸低。     

草酸电还原反应机理的研究

以硫酸钠溶液作底液,用快速循环伏安和电势阶跃法研究了草酸在铅电极上的电还原机理,测定了草酸电还原第一步反应的动力学参数,并根据循环伏安图比较相同条件下草酸,乙醛酸和乙醇酸的还原峰峰电势,推断出草酸还原的中间产物.研究结果表明,草酸电还原遵从不可逆2电子EE反应机理.