分了筛催化合成MTBE的反应性能研究

在开发出催化性能良好的合成ＭＴＢＥ沸石分子筛催化的基础上,详细考察了反应条件：包括温度、压力、空速、醇烯比等操作条件对改性β沸石分子筛催化剂的合成ＭＴＢＥ反应性能的影响。结果表明：反应条件对催化剂活性、ＭＴＢＥ选择性及活性稳定性都有一定影响。在一定范围内反应温度升高,烯烃的转化率增加、ＭＴＢＥ的选择性不变,但反应温度过高,ＭＴＢＥ的选择性和催化剂的稳定性变差;反应压力必须大于系统完全液化压力;醇烯     

沸石分子筛催化剂上萘的择形异丙基化反应性能

 研究了HY,Hβ,HM和HZSM－5沸石分子筛对萘择形异丙基化反应的催化性能．结果发现,这些沸石分子筛的活性顺序为HY＞Hβ＞HM＞HZSM－5,对2,6－二异丙基萘的选择性顺序为HM＞Hβ＞HY．除沸石分子筛的酸量与酸分布外,其孔道结构与大小是影响萘异丙基化反应的主要因素．脱铝能选择性地降低沸石外表面的酸性,且对沸石的催化性能有较大影响．常压水蒸气脱铝结合强酸再处理有利于催化剂催化性能的提高．提高反应温度有利于萘的转化,但温度过高会引发许多副反应,适宜的反应温度约为523K．反应时间对产物分布的影响不明显．异丙醇／萘摩尔比应小于2．     

苯酚和草酸二甲酯在不同分子筛催化下的酯交换反应

研究了以TS－1、H－ZSM－5、Hβ和H－丝光沸石等不同分子筛为催化剂，苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成草酸二苯酯反应。通过对催化剂进行吸附吡啶的红外光谱和NH3－TPD表征，考察了不同分子筛催化剂的酸性和酸强度对草酸二苯酯合成反应的影响，确定了催化剂上的弱酸中心是催化苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成草酸二苯酯反应的活性位，且催化剂的酸性中心越多，酸量越大，催化活性越好。催化剂上的强酸中心促进了副产物苯甲醚的生成。     

分子筛催化合成MTBE的反应性能研究

在开发出催化性能良好的合成MTBE沸石分子筛催化剂的基础上 ,详细考察了反应条件 :包括温度、压力、空速、醇烯比等操作条件对改性 β沸石分子筛催化剂合成MTBE反应性能的影响。结果表明 :反应条件对催化剂活性、MTBE选择性及活性稳定性都有一定影响。在一定范围内反应温度升高 ,烯烃的转化率增加、MTBE的选择性不变 ,但反应温度过高 ,MTBE的选择性和催化剂的稳定性变差 ;反应压力必须大于系统完全液化压力 ;醇烯比大于 1时 ,对选择性和稳定性的影响程度小 ,醇烯比小于 1时 ,随反应深度增加 ,MTBE选择性和催化剂的稳定性变差。为了充分利用催化剂的性能 ,有一个比较合适的操作范围 ,在最佳反应条件T =70℃、P =2 1MPa ,MeOH IB =1 1 ,WHSV =4h- 1下 ,对改性 β分子筛的催化性能进行长期考察 ,结果表明 :催化剂的各项性能的稳定性很好。     

环己烯水合制备环己醇的研究 I．分子筛结构及晶粒大小的影响

考察了三种不同结构的分子筛（ZSM－5，MCM－22及-β）以及不同晶粒大小的ZSM－5分子筛对环己烯水合反应的催化活性。结果表明，具有12元环孔道体系的β分子筛对环己烯的转化率（9．6％）最高，但对环己醇的选择性（35．4％）最差。MCM－22分子筛的活性很低，其环己烯转化率只有0．8％。而孔口为10元环结构的ZSM－5分子筛则具有较高的活性环己烯转化率7．5％）和产物选择性（99．2％），因此是较好的水合催化剂。ZSM－5分子筛的晶粒大小对其环己烯水合反应活性有明显的影响，分子筛晶粒越细，则水合反应活性越高，其原因大于晶粒变细增大了分子筛的外比表面积，从而增加了接近孔口处的活性中心的数量。     

K_2O和MnO助剂对Fe／Silicalite－2催化剂CO加氢制低碳烯烃性能的影响

在Ｓｉｌｉｃａｌｉｔｅ－２分子筛担载的铁催化剂中添加ＭｎＯ和Ｋ２Ｏ助剂，可显著提高其ＣＯ加氢制低碳烯烃的选择性及催化活性．ＭｎＯ助剂主要抑制乙烯和丙烯的加氢反应而提高烯／烷比值；Ｋ２Ｏ助剂则增加催化剂对ＣＯ的吸附能力，同时抑制乙烯在催化剂表面的二次反应（主要是乙烯的歧化反应），从而有利于提高低碳烯烃的选择性及催化剂活性．     

微波固相法制备ZnCl2/Y在α-蒎烯环氧化物重排反应中的催化性能

 考察了微波固相法制备的ZnCl2／Y分子筛催化剂在α－蒎烯环氧化物重排反应中的催化性能．催化剂活性及产物选择性与分子筛表面的酸性有关．在微波作用下,ZnCl2可分散于分子筛表面且可与分子筛中的阳离子发生固态离子交换反应．分散的ZnCl2（中强L酸）有利于生成龙脑烯醛,固态离子交换生成的ZnY（弱L酸）有利于α－蒎烯环氧化物重排生成松蒎酮;不同Na＋交换度的HY分子筛表面具有不同的B酸中心,B酸的存在可使重排反应产物松香芹醇和香芹醇发生分子内脱水二次反应生成单萜烯．用微波固相法制备催化剂时,随着ZnCl2负载量的增加,产物香芹醇的选择性升高,分散于分子筛孔道内的ZnCl2有利于生成香芹醇．比较了不同溶剂对α－蒎烯环氧化物重排反应产物分布的影响,以环己烷作溶剂时,松蒎酮选择性可达24％．通过对分子筛表面酸性的调变可实现选择合成．     

改性Hβ-分子筛催化FCC轻汽油醚化反应性能的研究

分别用硼，SO4^2-/Fe2O3对Hβ－分子筛进行改性，并研究改性后催化剂的表面酸性变化及其对FCC汽油醚化反应的催化活性，稳定性的影响。结果表明，两种改性剂的引入，均增加了L酸及强酸的总量，提高了烯烃的转化率。硼改性催化剂的选择性高于SO4^20-Fe2O3改性的催化剂；改性催化剂上活性组分的最佳含量约1．0％。     

磷改性β沸石催化剂上催化裂化轻汽油的醚化

在小型固定床反应装置上,考察了负载磷的β沸石催化剂的制备条件对其催化性能的影响以及醚化反应温度、压力、醇烯摩尔比、LHSV对醚化反应的影响。实验结果表明,浸渍磷的质量分数为2%的Hβ催化剂具有较好的醚化活性。在最佳反应条件(温度70 ℃,压力0.8 MPa,LHSV 1.0 h-1,醇烯摩尔比1.0)下,该催化剂的叔碳烯烃的总转化率可达到56.91%。负载磷后的催化剂具有活性好、选择性高、不易失活等优点。反应性能均优于Hβ催化剂。     

还原温度对超细K－Co－Mo催化剂合成低碳醇性能的影响

 用溶胶－凝胶法合成了K－Co－Mo催化剂．样品经不同温度还原后，用于低碳醇的合成．XRD和HRTEM结果表明，样品是超细粒子，粒子尺寸为2～5nm．考察了催化剂的还原温度和反应条件对催化剂性能的影响．实验结果表明，还原温度对催化剂的活性有较大的影响，最佳还原温度为500℃．最佳反应温度范围为310～330℃．升高压力和空速可以提高醇的收率和选择性．在空速14400h－1，压力6．0MPa和温度310℃的条件下，醇的选择性为55．8％，收率为520．0g／（kg·h），MeOH／C2＋OH为0．27．催化剂稳定性良好，在200h的寿命实验中，活性基本不变．与文献中催化剂相比，超细K－Co－Mo催化剂对合成醇具有较高的活性和选择性，尤其是对C2＋OH的合成明显高于其他合成醇催化剂体系．     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。