对压电陶瓷极化特性的研究

根据研究模型首先得出压电陶瓷极化特性的理论推测,然后使用DP-5型介电谱仪,测量由压电陶瓷材料制作的蜂鸣器。实验测出压电陶瓷的极化方式与极化率和外场频率有关,随着频率的增加,压电陶瓷的离子位移极化率、电介质分子取向极化的极化率将减小,最终表现为相对介电常数减小。实验结果与理论猜测吻合。     

厚壁径向极化压电陶瓷薄圆环的研究

本文对厚壁径向极化压电陶瓷薄圆环进行了研究,得出了振子的谐振和反谐振频率的理论方程,并用有限元法分析了和实验测试了径向振动模态,给出了理论、有限元法和实验数据的一个对比。结果表明:本文的理论较为完善,对实际运用有一定的指导意义。     

0-3型压电复合材料覆盖层水下 吸声性能的理论研究

目前压电分流阻尼技术在振动和噪声领域的应用得到了广泛的关注. 本文尝试将压电分流阻尼技术应用于水下吸声领域, 以提高覆盖层的吸声性能. 将压电覆盖层厚度模态的机电方程和声波传播的传递矩阵相结合, 建立一维电声模型. 该模型可以用于分析多层压电和非压电水下吸声覆盖层的吸声性能. 采用该模型分析了0-3型压电复合材料覆盖层的水下吸声性能. 压电复合材料的参数是采用Furukawa的模型计算的. 研究结果表明, 采用合适的分流电阻, 负电容分流电路可以在较宽的频率范围显著提高覆盖层的吸声性能. 其原理可以从阻抗匹配的角度解释, 负电容分流电路可以调整压电覆盖层的表面声阻抗, 使之与水的特性声阻抗相匹配.     

考虑弯曲和轴向振动模态的一维梁压电阻抗模型及试验研究

同时考虑一维梁结构的弯曲和轴向振动,对其压电阻抗模型进行建模分析和试验验证。在0.02～42 kHz频段内区分并标记了一维钢梁弯曲振动模态前18阶及轴向振动模态前3阶。结果表明:在0.02～7.5kHz频段内,数值计算和试验结果中谐振峰对应频率的相对误差较大:11.7%～16.5%,其原因可能是低频时振动能量较低且波的传播受结构阻尼、边界条件及环境噪音等因素影响较为明显;在7.5～42kHz范围内,两者谐振峰位置符合良好,相对误差较小:0.11%～2.31%,表明该模型在高频段具有较好的适用性;轴向振动模态对应频率大于弯曲振动模态。本研究为结构健康监测过程中检测频段的选取及损伤信息的提取提供参考。     

基于虚拟仪器的压电陶瓷驱动技术研究

针对压电陶瓷驱动器的非线性应变,以压电陶瓷微位移驱动原理为基础,分析了扫频激光器腔长控制原理;在硬件时钟的定时下,分析了压电陶瓷的驱动特性,并通过调整驱动信号的步长电压来调节压电陶瓷的非线性。设计了基于虚拟仪器的控制系统,并对线性化方法进行了原理分析和实验。实验结果表明,该测量系统可以使压电陶瓷在其伸长范围内线性地伸长。     

应用迈克耳孙干涉仪研究压电陶瓷的特性

简述了应用迈克耳孙干涉仪测量压电陶瓷压电常量的原理及实验结果分析.简单介绍了研究压电陶瓷振动特性的方法.     

压电陶瓷快反镜的控制器设计及温度补偿研究

针对压电陶瓷快速反射镜,设计了一种基于频域分析的传递函数辨识方法,可以实现对任意已知传递函数阶次的系统进行扫频和传函拟合,再基于拟合的压电快反镜传函进行控制器设计、仿真、实物验证,对设计出的控制器进行验证。闭环性能为控制带宽为600 Hz,1V阶跃信号调节时间为12 ms,结果表明控制器性能满足要求。设备运行过程中会受到温漂影响,因此利用温度、光学偏转角和控制电压之间的关系进行温度补偿,实验结果表明温度补偿功能的温漂抑制效果达90%,极大提高了系统控制精度。     

基于经验模态分析的故障诊断方法及应用研究

为实现对微弱动态响应的准确辨识及故障状态的早期诊断,提出了基于经验模态分析的故障诊断方法,将模态分解、互信息熵与主元分析结合,故障特征更凸显,方法更有效。首先模态分解,得到一系列固有模态分量,利用互信息熵判断所有固有模态分量的高低频分界点并对高频分量自适应阈值去噪。将去噪后的所有高频分量和低频分量主元分析,计算各主元的峭度值,选取峭度值大的分量求时频谱得故障频率,从而确定故障。将该方法应用到含有高频环境噪声的轴承故障信号中诊断可靠、准确。     

具有压电分流电路薄板的吸声特性Ⅰ.理论分析

首次从理论上分析了粘有压电陶瓷片薄板的低频吸声特性和吸声机理.根据压电陶瓷薄片外接分流电路时的等效柔顺性系数,应用拉格朗日方程建立了粘有压电陶瓷片薄板的运动方程.该方程中包含了薄板和压电片的质量、弹性、阻尼以及压电片分流电路的电阻和电感.给出了粘有压电片薄板的表面阻抗和吸声系数的数值计算方法,数值计算表明调节分流电路参数可明显改善薄板一阶模态处的吸声特性.     

具有压电分流电路薄板的吸声特性Ⅱ.数值和实验分析

利用数值计算和实验方法研究了压电分流阻尼技术控制薄板吸声特性的机制,分析了串联电阻和电感与薄板吸声系数、相对声阻和相对声抗之间的关系.数值计算和实验结果表明:通过调节分流电路中电感和电阻等参数,可使电路谐振和机械谐振出现强耦合,进而明显提高薄板一阶模态处的吸声系数和吸声带宽.     

Finite element reduced order model for noise and vibration reduction of double sandwich panels using shunted piezoelectric patches

This work concerns the control of sound transmission through double laminated panels with viscoelastic core using semi-passive piezoelectric shunt technique. More specifically, the system consists of two laminated walls, each one composed of three layers and called sandwich panel with an air cavity in between. The external sandwich panel has a surface-mounted piezoelectric patches. The piezoelectric elements, connected with resonant shunt circuits, are used for the vibration damping of some specific resonance frequencies of the coupled system. Firstly, a finite element formulation of the fully coupled visco-electro-mechanical-acoustic system is presented. This formulation takes into account the frequency dependence of the viscoelastic material. A modal reduction approach is then proposed to solve the problem at a lower cost. In the proposed technique, the coupled system is solved by projecting the mechanical displacement unknown on a truncated basis composed by the first real short-circuit structural normal modes and the pressure unknown on a truncated basis composed by the first acoustic modes with rigid boundaries conditions. The few initial electrical unknowns are kept in the reduced system. A static correction is also introduced in order to take into account the effect of higher modes. Various results are presented in order to validate and illustrate the efficiency of the proposed finite element reduced order formulation.     

Investigations of thickness-shear mode elastic constant and damping of shunted piezoelectric materials with a coupling resonator

Shear-mode piezoelectric materials have been widely used to shunt the damping of vibrations where utilizing surface or interface shear stresses. The thick-shear mode(TSM) elastic constant and the mechanical loss factor can change correspondingly when piezoelectric materials are shunted to different electrical circuits. This phenomenon makes it possible to control the performance of a shear-mode piezoelectric damping system through designing the shunt circuit. However, due to the difficulties in directly measuring the TSM elastic constant and the mechanical loss factor of piezoelectric materials, the relationships between those parameters and the shunt circuits have rarely been investigated. In this paper, a coupling TSM electro–mechanical resonant system is proposed to indirectly measure the variations of the TSM elastic constant and the mechanical loss factor of piezoelectric materials. The main idea is to transform the variations of the TSM elastic constant and the mechanical loss factor into the changes of the easily observed resonant frequency and electrical quality factor of the coupling electro–mechanical resonator. Based on this model, the formular relationships are set up theoretically with Mason equivalent circuit method and they are validated with finite element(FE) analyses. Finally, a prototype of the coupling electro–mechanical resonator is fabricated with two shear-mode PZT5 A plates to investigate the TSM elastic constants and the mechanical loss factors of different circuit-shunted cases of the piezoelectric plate. Both the resonant frequency shifts and the bandwidth changes observed in experiments are in good consistence with the theoretical and FE analyses under the same shunt conditions. The proposed coupling resonator and the obtained relationships are validated with but not limited to PZT5 A.     

Coupled FEM/BEM for control of noise radiation and sound transmission using piezoelectric shunt damping

In this paper, we present a coupled finite element/boundary element method (FEM/BEM) for control of noise radiation and sound transmission of vibrating structure by passive piezoelectric techniques. The system consists of an elastic structure (with surface mounted piezoelectric patches) coupled to external/internal acoustic domains. The passive shunt damping strategy is employed for vibration attenuation in the low frequency range. The originality of the present paper lies in evaluating the classically used FEM/BEM methods for structural–acoustics problems when taking account smart systems at the fluid–structure interfaces.     

铁电阴极材料压电系数在电子发射过程中的实验规律

 作为一种新型功能材料，铁电阴极材料的研究日益受人们重视。对铁电材料进行电子发射试验时，偶然观测到材料压电系数随着电子发射次数的增多，其数值大小渐次先由高降低至零，然后又开始反向增大并逐渐稳定于某一绝对值,该绝对值略小于预极化初始值，而在这变化过程中，材料的电子发射电流密度基本恒定。对此进行重复验证以及系统考察发现，压电系数的这种变化规律，为铁电材料电子发射时所普遍遵循，这为铁电电子发射的机理研究探索又提供了一种新的实验现象。     

Free vibration of nonlocal piezoelectric nanoplates under various boundary conditions

This paper investigates the thermo-electro-mechanical vibration of the rectangular piezoelectric nanoplate under various boundary conditions based on the nonlocal theory and the Mindlin plate theory. It is assumed that the piezoelectric nanoplate is subjected to a biaxial force, an external electric voltage and a uniform temperature rise. The Hamilton's principle is employed to derive the governing equations and boundary conditions, which are then discretized by using the differential quadrature (DQ) method to determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes. The detailed parametric study is conducted to examine the effect of the nonlocal parameter, thermo-electro-mechanical loadings, boundary conditions, aspect ratio and side-to-thickness ratio on the vibration behaviors.     

Integrated design of piezoelectric damping system for flexible structure

This paper aims at developing an integrated design method of the active/passive hybrid type of piezoelectric damping system for reducing the dynamic response of the flexible structures due to external dynamic loads. The design method is based on the numerical optimization technique whose objective function is a control effort of the active damping. A vibration suppression performance, which is evaluated by the maximum value of the gain of the frequency response function of the structure, is constrained. In order to demonstrate the structural damping capability of the hybrid type of piezoelectric damping system designed by proposed method, numerical simulation and laboratory experiment will be done using a three-story flexible structure model equipped with 12 surface bonded PZT tiles pairs. Both numerical and experimental results indicate that the optimally designed hybrid piezoelectric damping system can be successfully achieving excellent performance as compared to a conventional purely active piezoelectric damping system.     

测定材料的缓冲防震性能

利用力学、机械传感器研究了不同缓冲材料与其他物体碰撞过程中瞬时作用力及其与碰撞初速度之间的关系,得到了材料的缓冲防震性能的动态变化曲线,并通过改变同种材料的厚度,发现该材料对缓冲作用的不同响应,并得到了一定材料在防震中的最佳缓冲厚度.     

Flexural vibration analyses of piezoelectric ceramic tubes with mass loads in ultrasonic actuators

Based on Timoshenko beam model, a theoretical model of radially polarized piezoelectric ceramic tubes is investigated. In the model, the piezoelectric effects are considered, and the shear correction factor is introduced which reveals effects of the size of the cross-section and Poisson’s ratio. Based on the model, the particular attentions are devoted to effects of the boundary conditions at two ends on flexural resonance frequencies of the piezoelectric ceramic tubes. Changing the sizes of the tubes and the mass loads at both free ends, the variations of the flexural resonance frequencies of free–free piezoelectric ceramic tubes are calculated theoretically. Besides, the flexural resonance frequencies of the piezoelectric ceramic tube cantilevers with mass loads at one free end are also investigated theoretically. To verify accuracy of the theoretical mode, the flexural resonance frequencies for different lengths of the piezoelectric ceramic tubes and different loaded masses are measured experimentally. The theoretical results agree well with the experimental measurement, which demonstrates that the model is accurate for analyzing the flexural resonance frequencies of the piezoelectric ceramic tubes with mass loads.     

超声复合振动系统中局部共振现象的有限元分析

本文用有限元软件对超声复合振动系统中的局部共振现象进行了仿真计算.通过对仿真结果的分析,验证了“局部共振是耦合振动”的观点.在此基础上,用有限元方法进一步研究了截面直径比、工具杆长度等影响局部共振的因素,总结出了产生局部共振的条件.     

Simplified formulae to investigate flexural vibration characteristics of piezoelectric tubes in ultrasonic micro-actuators

Based on the Rayleigh energy theory combining with Timoshenko beam model, the flexural vibration characteristics of piezoelectric tubes in ultrasonic micro-actuators are investigated. Additionally, the simplified formulae are derived to study the fundamental flexural resonance frequencies of the piezoelectric tubes with free-free ends and cantilevers. By changing the sizes of the tubes and the mass loads at the free ends, the variations of the flexural resonance frequencies of the piezoelectric tubes and cantilevers are calculated theoretically. To verify accuracy of the simplified formulae, by changing the lengths of the tubes and the mass loads the flexural resonance frequencies of the piezoelectric tube with free-free ends are measured experimentally. The theoretical results agree well with the experimental measurements, which demonstrate that the simplified formulae are accurate and effective for analyzing the flexural vibration characteristics of the piezoelectric tubes in the ultrasonic micro-actuators.