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电磁超声(EMAT)作为一种非接触超声检测技术,已得到了普遍的关注和研究。然而,EMAT目前只得到了一些有限的应用,尤其在缺陷探伤应用方面还不能替代压电超声,深入探究其原因并加以改进,对推动EMAT在缺陷检测方面的应用具有重要意义。利用有限元方法建立了螺旋型EMAT模型,分析了其辐射声场和声场特征;通过将有限元计算所得到的洛伦兹力分布简化为门函数,并结合格林函数法,得到了螺旋型EMAT辐射声场的简化解析结果。这些方法可用于计算螺旋型EMAT辐射声场指向性以及在缺陷检测中比较关心的一些特征参数,如扩散角、偏离角等参数。通过螺旋型EMAT辐射声场实验,验证了理论分析结果。通过与压电超声检测理论与实验的对比,研究认为:螺旋型EMAT辐射声场的具有横波和纵波等多种波模及多种模态转换的特点,以及相对复杂的异型声场几何分布等复杂特性,使其在缺陷检测应用方面受到局限。这些研究方法对改进EMAT设计,优化控制EMAT辐射声场,拓展EMAT在缺陷检测方面的应用具有参考价值。 相似文献
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提出一种用于研究电磁超声换能器(EM.AT)激发超声兰姆波的模式展开分析方法。从EMAT曲折线圈的电流分布出发,推导出铝板表面洛伦兹切向应力的形式解;对其进行空间傅里叶变换,得到激发超声兰姆波的表面驱动应力之波数谱密度。在此基础上采用导波激发的模式展开分析方法,推导出与EMAT线圈的几何参数密切相关的兰姆波模式展开系数的数学表达式,为严格分析EMAT的兰姆波激发问题奠定了理论基础。数值分析结果表明,通过改变EMAT线圈的几何参数,可对兰姆波的模式展开系数进行适当调整,从而实现有效抑制不需要兰姆波模式的目的,这一结果为采用EMAT激发纯度高的单一兰姆波模式提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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当粒子系中粒子平均间距接近甚至小于热辐射特征波长时,由于倏逝波贡献,其辐射换热热流可远超黑体辐射极限热流。由于存在复杂近场作用,密集粒子系内近场辐射热扩散特性尚不清晰。本文基于涨落电磁理论研究了均匀分布纳米粒子系的近场辐射热扩散特性。研究发现:通过与离散尺度多体辐射换热理论及动理学理论关于金属及电介质粒子链近场辐射换热结果对比,常规热扩散理论可更准确地用于研究粒子系近场辐射热扩散特性,SiC纳米粒子链辐射等效导热系数随温度增大而增大,且温度只影响辐射等效导热系数的大小,而对其光谱峰值频率则无影响。当粒子间距一定时,粒子系辐射等效导热系数随粒子尺寸的增大而增大,更多能量可以在大颗粒构成的粒子链上传递。紧密堆积的粒子系内近场光子隧穿作用较强,其辐射等效导热系数也大于较稀疏粒子系的辐射等效导热系数。 相似文献
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设计了一种涂覆石墨烯的椭圆形电介质纳米线光波导.采用分离变量法,在椭圆柱坐标系中,借助Mathieu函数,得到了色散方程.通过数值求解色散方程,可以得到模式的有效折射率和场分布,从而得到模式的传播长度.研究了工作波长、结构参数以及石墨烯的费米能对模式特性的影响,并给出了前五个模式的品质因数.计算表明,当波长从4.3μm增加到8.8μm,这5个模式的有效折射率的实部减小,基模和一阶模的传播长度增大,二阶模的传播长度先增大后减小.当改变纳米线结构参数半长轴和半短轴时,对基模和一阶模的模式特性影响较小,对二阶模的模式特性影响较大.当石墨烯的费米能从0.45 eV增加到0.72 eV时,有效折射率的实部减小,传播长度可以达到2μm左右.分离变量法得到的结果与有限元方法得到的结果完全一致.本文工作可以为基于涂覆石墨烯的电介质纳米线的光波导的设计、制作和应用提供理论基础. 相似文献
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偶极横波远探测技术在我国复杂地质结的构油气勘探中具有十分广阔的应用前景。换能器的工作频率直接影响声波测井的探测深度。本文对正交偶极声波测井换能器弯曲模态的谐振频率进行了解析计算,并利用有限元方法研究了其结构参数对谐振频率的影响。计算结果表明:当压电陶瓷片的长度增加时,换能器一阶谐振频率先降低后升高,三阶谐振频率先升高再降低之后又上升;当金属基片厚度增加时,换能器一阶与三阶谐振频率均升高;当压电陶瓷片厚度增加时,换能器谐振频率的变化方向与幅度还与压电陶瓷片长度等其他参数相关,有可能升高或降低。 相似文献
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《工程热物理学报》2020,(5)
利用高速摄像机和放大比例的单孔透明喷嘴搭建可视化试验台,研究喷孔长度和喷油体温度对喷孔内乙醇柴油空化流动特性和近场喷雾的影响,试验用喷嘴的孔径均为2 mm,孔长分别为4 mm、6 mm和8 mm,喷油体温度分别控制在303 K、333 K和363 K。试验发现,随着孔内燃油平均流速的增加,各喷孔的空化现象依次经历了无空化、空化初生、空化发展和超空化5个阶段,短喷孔内更易发生空化现象,且在相同的空化阶段短喷孔的孔内燃油平均流速小于长喷孔;此外在相同进出口压差下短喷孔对应的近场喷雾锥角要大于长喷孔喷雾锥角。喷油体温度也会影响喷孔内空化流动特性和近场喷雾形态,喷油体温度越高,空化现象越强烈,空化变化速率越大;当喷孔进出口压差相同时,喷油体温度在303 K、333 K和363 K所对应的近场喷雾锥角依次增大。最大近场喷雾锥角所需的喷射压力随喷油体温度的升高而减小。 相似文献
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《光学学报》2015,(11)
设计了一种由涂覆了单层石墨烯的双椭圆电介质纳米并行线构成的表面等离子体光波导,采用有限元方法对其传输特性、电磁参数以及结构参数之间的依赖关系进行了研究。结果表明:随着椭圆的中心距离的增大,有效折射率的实部逐渐减小,传播距离先增大后减小,模式面积逐渐增大;椭圆的半短轴对有效折射率、传播距离和模式面积有微调作用;通过优化计算,减小并行线之间的距离,增加并行线的半短轴的长度,可以达到更好的传输效果;工作频率越高,有效折射率的实部越小,传输距离越短,模式面积越大;温度越高,有效折射率的实部越大,传输距离越短,模式面积越小。研究结果为基于石墨烯材料的表面等离子激元光波导的设计、制作和应用提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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The paper presented here outlines a technique for examining aerospace adhesive bonds using electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMAT). The main restriction on the use of bonded structures is the lack of a reliable, applicable non-destructive test. Simple acoustic theory shows that a shear wave at normal incidence to an interface should be a more sensitive probe of interfacing coupling than a longitudinal wave. Conventional piezoelectric shear transducers require a very viscous couplant which makes scanning problematic. The EMAT described here consists of a pancake coil, and a permanent magnet behind the coil provides a static magnetic field normal to the surface of the sample and the plane of the coil. The EMATs used have the advantage of generating broadband radially polarized shear waves, while requiring no acoustic couplant. They are also comparable in size to typical piezoelectric transducers. The broadband nature of the transducer gives it a high spatial resolution in the direction of wave propagation. Experiments performed on plate-like samples have successfully detected deliberately constructed defects, while monitoring the adhesive thickness. Defects have been identified using a C-scan technique using a single EMAT in send-receive mode from either side of the bond. 相似文献
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套管井中的声传播涉及到波在柱状多层介质中的传播问题。通过数值计算对比了宽带相控线阵声源在套管井外均匀地层中产生的纵横波声场的指向性。结果表明,在任意胶结状况下,均可实现向套管井外地层定向辐射纵横波的技术;与地层中纵波的传播特征不同的是在主瓣偏转角方向横波幅度随着偏转角的增大逐渐增加,且在主瓣辐射方向的横波幅度受套管井胶结状况的影响较纵波小;采用玻璃钢套管代替钢套管,会进一步减弱地层声场受胶结状况的影响,这有利于实现在套管井外地层较大范围内的精确定向辐射声波的技术。 相似文献
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S. Ghosh M.P. Rishi 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2002,19(2):223-230
The modulation of an intense electromagnetic beam induced by the acousto-optic (AO) effect has been analysed in a transversely
magnetised semiconductor-plasma medium. The effect of carrier diffusion on the threshold field and gain profile of the modulated
wave has been extremely investigated using coupled mode theory. The origin of the AO interaction is assumed to lie in the
induced nonlinear diffusion current density of the medium. By considering the modulation process as a four wave parametric
interaction an expression for effective third-order AO susceptibility describing the phenomena has been deduced. The modulation
is greatly modified by propagation characteristics such as dispersion and diffraction due to dielectric relaxation of the
acoustic mode. The threshold pump field and the steady state growth rates are estimated from the effective third-order polarisation
in the plasma medium. Analytical estimation reveals that in the presence of enhanced diffusion due to excess charge carriers
the modulated beam can be effectively amplified in a dispersionless acoustic wave regime. The presence of an external dc magnetic
field is found to be favourable for the onset of diffusion induced modulational amplification of the modulated wave in heavily
doped regime.
Received 5 November 2001 相似文献
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Callé S Remenieras JP Matar OB Hachemi ME Patat F 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2005,118(5):2829-2840
One of the stress sources that can be used in dynamic elastography imaging methods is the acoustic radiation force. However, displacements of the medium induced by this stress field are generally not fully understood in terms of spatial distribution and temporal evolution. A model has been developed based on the elastodynamic Green's function describing the different acoustic waves generated by focused ultrasound. The function is composed of three terms: two far-field terms, which correspond to a purely longitudinal compression wave and a purely transverse shear wave, and a coupling near-field term which has a longitudinal component and a transverse component. For propagation distances in the shear wavelength range, the predominant term is the near field term. The displacement duration corresponds to the propagation duration of the shear wave between the farthest source point and the observation point. This time therefore depends on the source size and the local shear modulus of the tissue. Evolution of the displacement/time curve profile, which is directly linked to spatial and temporal source profiles, is computed at different radial distances, for different durations of force applications and different shear elastic coefficients. Experimental results performed with an optical interferometric method in a homogeneous tissue-mimicking phantom agreed with the theoretical profiles. 相似文献
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根据二维非稳态层流的质量和动量守恒方程,研究强声波作用下煤颗粒周围气体的振荡流动特性.入射波的振幅远大于颗粒特征长度,声雷诺数小于20.根据通用微分方程的解,详细分析不同声雷诺数与斯特劳哈尔数下,颗粒壁面的流场分布、轴向压力梯度、切向应力及分离角的分布,发现在低频(~50 Hz)时,颗粒壁面轴向压力梯度、切向应力及流动分离角的分布主要受曲率效应影响,其变化规律与振荡速度的幅值变化相对应;在高频时(~5 000 Hz),颗粒壁面轴向压力梯度、切向应力及流动分离角的分布同时受到曲率效应和流动加速度的影响.为进一步研究强声波强化煤颗粒燃烧提供理论基础. 相似文献
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Acoustic and electromagnetic fields are coupled in a fluid saturated porous medium due to seismoelectric effect. Seismoelectric
well logging method has been proposed to detect deep target formation utilizing such effect. Because of uncoupling of SH waves
with P-SV waves, a simple and forthright way to get shear waves information is possible, especially for soft or slow formation
whose shear wave velocity is lower than the velocity of borehole fluid. We consider the wave fields excited by a vertical
magnetic dipole (VMD) source. Two methods are used to simulate, one is the coupled method based on Pride model and the other
is the uncoupled method. For two methods, the frequency wavenumber domain representations of the acoustic field and associated
seismoelectric field are formulated. The full waveforms of acoustic waves and electromagnetic wave induced SH waves excited
by VMD source in the time domain propagation in borehole are simulated and analyzed. 相似文献
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G. A. Maximov 《Acoustical Physics》2010,56(4):493-500
On the basis of the generalized variational principle for dissipative continuum mechanics, a system of generalized Biot’s
equations is derived to describe the wave propagation in a two-phase porous permeable medium in the presence of shear relaxation
in the pore-filling fluid. It was shown that the inclusion of shear viscoelasticity of the fluid leads to the appearance of
two transverse modes in addition to two longitudinal modes described by the Biot theory. One of the transverse modes is an
acoustic mode, whereas the other is a diffusion mode characterized by the linear frequency dependence of phase velocity and
attenuation coefficient in the low-frequency region. 相似文献