A review of: “Classical electricity and magnetism”

The article reviews the considerable progress that has been made recently in the experimental determination of the electronic structure of metals and in particular the determination of Fermi surfaces and neighbouring surfaces of constant energy. In Part I the concept of electronic structure is briefly explained and this is followed by a simple analysis of the dynamics of electron motion in a magnetic field. The geometry of the orbit carried out by an electron in real space is related to the geometry of surfaces of constant energies in k-space and it is shown how the dimensions of orbits may be inferred from size-effect and ultrasonic experiments if perfect enough samples are available. Finally the frequency of rotation of the electrons in a magnetic field is related to a differential property of the constant energy surfaces and it is shown how this frequency can be measured in experiments on cyclotron resonance.

Part II starts by considering the effect of purification of the orbital motion and it is shown that this leads to an oscillatory field dependence of the magnetic properties known as the de Haas-van Alphen effect. The conditions for practical observation of this effect are discussed and it is shown that it can provide valuable information about the electronic structure. The frequency of the oscillations gives extreme areas of the Fermi surface, the temperature dependence of amplitude gives information similar to that from cyclotron resonance, while the field dependence of amplitude gives information about scattering time. As an illustration of the experimental methods a fairly detailed account is given of the determination of the Fermi surface of copper and of the variation of electron velocity over this Fermi surface. The article concludes with a brief mention of the more complicated Fermi surfaces of a few polyvalent metals.     

A review of: “Techniques of high energy physics”

Edited By David M. Ritson. (Interscience Publishers, 1961.) [Pp. xii+540.] 126s     

A review of: “Advances in phase transitions”

From specific heat, thermal expansion, and dielectric constant measurements between 150 and 300 K we have confirmed the low temperature phase transition in barium chloride dihydrate (BaCl₂.2H₂O) at 195 ± 1 K. This transition appears to be associated with the local ordering (or displacements) of the two water molecules in the crystal. A “pseudospin” type model is proposed to explain the transition mechanism.     

A review of: “Environmental Behaviour of Crop Protection Chemicals”

Abstract

Proceedings of an International Symposium on the Use of Nuclear and Related Techniques for Studying Environmental Behaviour of Crop Protection Chemicals Jointly Organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and held in Vienna, 1–5 July 1996. IAEA Vienna 1997, 519 pp.     

A review of: “Harmonization of Health Related Environmental Measurements Using Nuclear and Isotopic Techniques”

Abstract

Proceedings of an International Symposium Organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency and Held in Hyderabad. India, 4–7 November 1996. IAEA Vienna 1997, 663 pp.     

A review of: “Isotopes in Water Resources Management”

Abstract

Proceedings of the International Symposium, organized by the IAEA, in co-operation with UNESCO, Vienna, 20–24 March 1995. Vol. 1 (ISBN 92-0-105595-1) and Vol. 2 (ISBN 92-0-100796-5), edited by IAEA, Vienna, Austria, March 1996.     

Coupled disease–behavior dynamics on complex networks: A review

It is increasingly recognized that a key component of successful infection control efforts is understanding the complex, two-way interaction between disease dynamics and human behavioral and social dynamics. Human behavior such as contact precautions and social distancing clearly influence disease prevalence, but disease prevalence can in turn alter human behavior, forming a coupled, nonlinear system. Moreover, in many cases, the spatial structure of the population cannot be ignored, such that social and behavioral processes and/or transmission of infection must be represented with complex networks. Research on studying coupled disease–behavior dynamics in complex networks in particular is growing rapidly, and frequently makes use of analysis methods and concepts from statistical physics. Here, we review some of the growing literature in this area. We contrast network-based approaches to homogeneous-mixing approaches, point out how their predictions differ, and describe the rich and often surprising behavior of disease–behavior dynamics on complex networks, and compare them to processes in statistical physics. We discuss how these models can capture the dynamics that characterize many real-world scenarios, thereby suggesting ways that policy makers can better design effective prevention strategies. We also describe the growing sources of digital data that are facilitating research in this area. Finally, we suggest pitfalls which might be faced by researchers in the field, and we suggest several ways in which the field could move forward in the coming years.     

A brief review of “granular elasticity”

Although granular materials are predominantly plastic, preparation-dependent, anisotropic under shear, and incrementally nonlinear, their static stress distribution is well accounted for, in the whole range up to the point of failure, by an isotropic, nonlinear and carefully tailored elasticity theory termed GE, for "granular elasticity". Its usefulness, limits, and the understanding behind it are reviewed, and some contentious questions (e.g. what is the elastic reference state, how to measure the elastic displacement) discussed.     

A review of: “Australian academy of science silver jubilee symposia”

Vols. i-iii (a$7.50 each)     

A local fuzzy method based on “p-strong” community for detecting communities in networks

In this paper,we propose a local fuzzy method based on the idea of "p-strong" community to detect the disjoint and overlapping communities in networks.In the method,a refined agglomeration rule is designed for agglomerating nodes into local communities,and the overlapping nodes are detected based on the idea of making each community strong.We propose a contribution coefficient b_v~(ci)to measure the contribution of an overlapping node to each of its belonging communities,and the fuzzy coefficients of the overlapping node can be obtained by normalizing the b_v~(ci) to all its belonging communities.The running time of our method is analyzed and varies linearly with network size.We investigate our method on the computergenerated networks and real networks.The testing results indicate that the accuracy of our method in detecting disjoint communities is higher than those of the existing local methods and our method is efficient for detecting the overlapping nodes with fuzzy coefficients.Furthermore,the local optimizing scheme used in our method allows us to partly solve the resolution problem of the global modularity.     

A review of: “Surface effects in controlled fusion devices”

Proceedings of the second conference on surface effects in controlled fusion devices, San Francisco, USA, February 1976. (Eds. W. Bauer, C. R. Finfgeld and M. Kaminsky). North Holland (Amsterdam), 534 pages. US $120.50.     

A review of: “The science of crystallization,microscopic interfacial phenomena”

Abstract

By W. A. Tiller, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-38827-9     

A review of: “Comparative crystal chemistry: temperature,pressure, composition and the variation of crystal structure”

By R. M. Hazen and L. W. Finger. Wiley (1982). Price: £19.50 (U.K.)     

A review of: “Ordering in strongly fluctuating condensed matter systems”

Abstract

Ed. T. Riste. (Nato Advanced Study Institutes Series, Vol. 50). Plenum, Price: $55 (U.S.)     

A review of: Report on the Book “Lectures on phase transitions”

by V.I. Yukalov, and A.S. Shumovsky (World Scientific)