旋转超声磨削平行砂轮复合变幅器设计与试验

为了获得大负载平行砂轮复合变幅器的设计方法,将复合变幅器简化为复合变幅杆与多阶环盘组成.利用Mindlin中厚板理论,求解了各振动环盘的位移、转角、弯矩和剪力解析表达式,通过复合变幅杆各振动单元间的力、位移的边界条件和连续条件,以及复合变幅杆和环盘两者结构间力与位移的耦合条件,建立了复合变幅器的数学模型和频率方程.针对...     

微型轴承内滚道超声辅助超精研磨系统的设计研究*

为了提高5G基站中微型轴承的精度和使用寿命,基于微型轴承外套圈结构特征提出一种超声振动辅助研磨轴承外圈滚道的加工工艺。通过坐标变换及运动合成,获得了振动研磨轴承外圈滚道的工作面轨迹特点,阐明了振动高效研磨的本质特征;之后,分别采用等效电路法和有限分析法,建立了振动系统的等效电路图与频率方程,分析了该系统模型的固有模态与谐响应特性;最后,通过对自行研制的超声辅助研磨系统分别进行振动特性测试和加工效果测试。结果表明,加工系统振动频率相对设计频率的误差率为10‰,超声振幅为12.95μm,加工轴承滚道的粗糙度和轮廓度较传统研磨加工分别降低了27.17%和24.1%。     

带有锥形孔的复合变幅杆设计及动态分析

在超声振动拉丝加工过程中,为了实现线材的顺利拉拔,需要应用带有锥形孔的复合变幅杆。为此,本文基于等效四端网络与传输矩阵法,建立了带锥形孔圆锥变幅杆的传输矩阵,推导出带锥形孔圆锥过渡复合变幅杆的频率方程的一般公式。根据推导出的频率方程,应用区间搜索法和牛顿迭代法获取了准确的数值解,实现了该复合变幅杆的纵向振动。之后,应用有限元软件Ansys对设计出的复合变幅杆分别进行模态分析和动力学特性分析,获得了各段不同长度下复合变幅杆谐振频率、放大系数以及最大应力值的变化规律。最后,对制造出的复合变幅杆进行阻抗与振动性能测试,结果表明其频率准确,且振幅比较稳定。     

超声辅助滚压系统的设计与研究*

鉴于风力发电机组主轴的复杂工作情况和疲劳断裂失效形式,提出一种基于表面强化技术的超声辅助滚压加工系统;首先基于运动合成原理,获得了滚轮接触线的运动轨迹特征,并应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件分析了加工过程的特点;之后,基于一维振动理论、等效波长理论与牛顿迭代理论,推导了并求解了复合变幅杆的频率方程,实现了该复合变幅杆的纵向振动。通过对该变幅杆进行有限元仿真分析与振动特性测试,结果表明二者相对设计频率的偏差仅在0.817％以内。最后,通过对40Cr主轴进行超声辅助滚压测试,结果获得了粗糙度Ra 0.085μm和表面硬度32.2HRC的加工表面,较普通滚压加工粗糙度降低了69.1％,显微硬度提高了60％。     

“一种新型的超声加工深小孔的工具系统”一文讨论:非半波长变幅器

范国良、应崇福、林仲茂和彭翔的“一种新型的超声加工深小孔的工具系统”一文,提出了一种非半波长的等截面杆的工具系统,是很有价值的.其意义在于实际证明了传统的只有半波长或半波长级联的杆才能构成超声振动系统的观点可以打破,并在实用上解决了由于工具头磨损而限制了超声加工应用的长期令人困扰的问题.     

离轴三反光学遥感器遮光罩的设计与试验验证

遮光罩是空间光学遥感器的重要组成部分,是抑制空间光学遥感器杂散光的首要措施。遮光罩削弱杂散光效果的好坏直接影响到光学遥感器光学系统的成像品质。本文设计了一种满足离轴三反空间光学遥感器要求的大尺寸碳纤维/环氧复合材料遮光罩,并结合有限元分析、杂散光分析及力学试验、光学系统传递函数检测手段来验证该遮光罩是否满足航天使用要求。结果显示,各视场光学系统传递函数检测结果基本一致,均在0.2以上。表明该大尺寸遮光罩具备良好的结构的稳定性、可靠性,能够满足空间应用要求。     

金刚石砂轮在精密光学加工中的应用技术

在精密光学加工中,金刚石砂轮被广泛应用于精磨各种硬脆性材料。为了提高光学零件的表面质量,降低亚表面损伤,精密金刚石砂轮的制造及其光学加工工艺受到广泛的关注。综述了金刚石砂轮的结构、装夹方式、结合剂及基体的选用情况,对金刚石砂轮的静平衡和动平衡进行了分析,并提出了解决方案,运用该方案加工出的非球面零件面形精度Rt1 m,Ra＜0.3 m。实践证明,运用该方法加工出的零件达到了超精磨的水平,大大提高了后道工序的加工效率。     

超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊仿真分析及实验

为解决传统的搅拌摩擦焊工艺存在的轴向压力过大、搅拌头易磨损、焊接表面存在缺陷等问题,设计了一种集搅拌头与夹心式纵扭超声振动换能器为一体的超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊工具头。对超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊工具头进行了模态分析与谐响应分析,确保换能器结构满足要求。应用仿真软件对超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊进行了流体场、温度场和声场仿真分析,验证了在搅拌摩擦焊过程中加入纵扭超声振动能够增强材料的软化率,提高焊接材料的塑性流动。搭建实验平台,进行了6061铝合金的超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊焊接实验。结果表明,纵扭超声的引入能够提高焊接过程中材料流动性,减小搅拌头的前进阻力和轴向压力,改善焊接表面质量。在焊头转速900 r/min、焊接速度1.4 mm/s、轴向压力2.6 kN、超声功率100 W时,焊接效果最好,能较好地应在铝合金、镁合金等焊接熔点比较低的轻金属焊接之中。     

超声辅助电镀的仿真与实验*

为了提高镀层的表面质量,提出了一种超声辅助电镀的方法。超声的空化与搅拌作用可以影响电镀的电沉积过程。设计了合理的换能器结构,并搭建了超声辅助电镀装置。通过对模型进行压电声学场与电镀场耦合仿真分析,结果表明：在硫酸铜电解液,镀铜时间60s,电压300V条件下,进行超声辅助电镀,镀层厚度分布均匀,镀层中部电流密度分布均匀,边缘最大电流密度是未加超声的2倍左右 。基于仿真结果,进行相同的实验测试,结果表明：超声辅助电镀可以提高镀层的均匀性,减少铜颗粒表面的杂质,提高表面的光洁度。阴极样品距离换能器头部位置在60mm左右,镀层质量良好。     

Effects of high power ultrasonic vibration on temperature distribution of workpiece in dry creep feed up grinding

Temperature history and distribution of steel workpiece (X20Cr13) was measured by a high tech infrared camera under ultrasonic assisted dry creep feed up grinding. For this purpose, a special experimental setup was designed and fabricated to vibrate only workpiece along two directions by a high power ultrasonic transducer. In this study, ultrasonic effects with respect to grinding parameters including depth of cut (a_e), feed speed (v_w), and cutting speed (v_s) has been investigated. The results indicate that the ultrasonic vibration has considerable effect on reduction of temperature, depth of thermal damage of workpiece and width of temperature contours. Maximum temperature reduction of 25.91% was reported at condition of v_s = 15 m/s, v_w = 500 mm/min, a_e = 0.4 mm in the presence of ultrasonic vibration.     

超声反射成像测井的有限元分析*

利用有限元方法研究了有限长换能器激发的超声波在套管井多层介质中的传播规律。数值模拟了换能器长度及套管曲率对反射回波的影响。随着换能器长度增加,反射回波频谱谱陷个数由单一向多个变化;套管共振透射窗的反射波相对能量先逐渐减小后振荡变化,较小长度的换能器对套管与水泥环界面的声阻抗区分能力优于较大长度的换能器。随着套管曲率的增大,套管共振透射窗的反射波由单一模式的厚度振动纵波向其他模式波变化。数值模拟结果对超声脉冲反射声波测井仪器的换能器结构优化设计起到了良好的指导作用。     

Effects of ultrasonic assisted high-temperature cooking method on the physicochemical structure characteristics and in vitro antioxidant capacities of dietary fiber from Dendrocalamus brandisii Munro shoots

In this study, the ultrasonic assisted high-temperature cooking extraction method of soluble dietary fiber from bamboo shoots was optimized by response surface methodology, and the effects of ultrasonic assisted high-temperature cooking extraction on the structural characteristics, physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from bamboo shoots were evaluated. The yield of modified UH-SDF¹ was significantly higher than that of untreated D-SDF². FTIR and XRD confirmed that UH-SDF had more hydrophilic groups and higher crystallinity (28.73 %), resulting in better thermal stability. SEM observation showed that UH-SDF exhibited a more loose microstructure, and the particle size of UH-SDF (601.52 μm) was significantly smaller than that of D-SDF (242.59 μm), so UH-SDF had a larger specific surface area. In addition, UH-SDF has stronger water holding capacity, water swelling capacity and oil holding capacity than D-SDF. The DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging rates of UH-SDF were 8.91 % and 7.49 % higher than those of D-SDF. In addition, the reducing ability of UH-SDF was higher than that of D-SDF, which had better antioxidant activity. In summary, UH-SDF has the potential to be developed as an anti-inflammatory functional food.     

Numerical investigation of cavitation generated by an ultrasonic dental scaler tip vibrating in a compressible liquid

Bacterial biofilm accumulation around dental implants is a significant problem leading to peri-implant diseases and implant failure. Cavitation occurring in the cooling water around ultrasonic scaler tips can be used as a novel solution to remove debris without any surface damage. However, current clinically available instruments provide insufficient cavitation around the activated tip surface. To solve this problem a critical understanding of the vibro-acoustic behaviour of the scaler tip and the associated cavitation dynamics is necessary. In this research, we carried out a numerical study for an ultrasound dental scaler with a curved shape tip vibrating in water, using ABAQUS based on the finite element method. We simulated the three-dimensional, nonlinear and transient interaction between the vibration and deformation of the scaler tip, the water flow around the scaler and the cavitation formation and dynamics. The numerical model was well validated with the experiments and there was excellent agreement for displacement at the free end of the scaler. A systematic parametric study has been carried out for the cavitation volume around the scaler tip in terms of the frequency, amplitude and power of the tip vibration. The numerical results indicate that the amount of cavitation around the scaler tip increases with the frequency and amplitude of the vibration. However, if the frequency is far from the natural frequency, the cavitation volume around the free end decreases due to reduced free end vibration amplitude.