必需微量元素与人体健康

人的躯体与各内脏都是由多种化学元素组成的，人体现已检出81种元素，其中有14种是人体必需微量元素。微量元素与人体健康密切相关。本文阐述了必需微量元素在人体内的生理功能，同时简述了必需微量元素的来源、微量元素间的相互作用以及必需微量元素缺乏或过量对人体产生的影响。     

必需微量元素与皮肤病

必需微量元素是人体必不可少的微量元素,在人体防治各类疾病中占有重要地位,不足或缺乏都可能引起身体不适或疾病,皮肤的疾患与必需微量元素也同样有着密切的联系。     

必需微量元素与非必需微量元素

根据机体对微量元素的需要情况,可将其分为必需微量元素和非必需微量元素。维持生物体正常生命活动不可缺少的微量元素称必需微量元素。所谓不可缺少,并非指缺少时将危及生命不能生存,而是指缺少时会引起机体生理功能及结构异常,导致疾病发生。SCHROEDER、COTZIASOUS和DAVIES分别提出过判断必需元素的标准其要点包括以下几项:①广泛存在于自然界,海水中含量丰富,能被动植物吸收利用;②是形成正常组织结构的组成部分,存在于一切健康机体的所有组织之中且含量相当稳定;③一旦缺乏这种元素,无论是何种生物,都会产生相似的结构及生理功能异常和生物化学改变,充分供应该元素可预防此类异常,给缺乏者补充该元素则可使异常得到纠正;④能透过半透膜,即能通过胎盘和乳房屏障供给胎儿和婴儿;⑤以其天然形态适当剂量给人或动物服用,无毒害作用或毒性极低。此外,机体对该类元素有平衡调节能力;这类元素在元素周期表中处于一定位置,新发现的必需元素的原子序数大多排列在那些已知必需元素之间。目前多数人公认的必需微量元素有:铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、钴(Co)、锰(Mn)、铬(Cr)、钼(Mo)、镍(Ni)、钒(V)、锡(Sn)、硅(Si)、...     

浅论必需微量元素过量时在人体中的毒性

除简要介绍了必需微量元素作用外，还着重讨论了必需微量元素过量时，对人体的毒性问题。     

溴的生物必需性(三)

根据微量元素必需性的经典定义,从溴的生态地球化学、溴的生物学功能及溴的人体健康效应方面论述了溴是生命必需微量元素的16项理由.分3期刊出.本期发表第三部分.     

溴的生物必需性(上)

根据微量元素必需性的经典定义,从溴的生态地球化学、溴的生物学功能及溴的人体健康效应方面论述了溴是生命必需微量元素的16项理由.分3期刊出.本期发表第一部分.     

溴的生物必需性(二)

根据微量元素必需性的经典定义,从溴的生态地球化学、溴的生物学功能及溴的人体健康效应方面论述了溴是生命必需微量元素的16项理由.分3期刊出.本期发表第二部分.     

必需微量元素与儿童健康研究进展

就14种必需微量元素对儿童健康的利弊进行了综述,其中包括：铁、锌、锰、碘、铜和钼,铬、镍和钴,硒和锡,氟和钒,硅。必需微量元素与儿童生长发育息息相关,但过量则会对儿童产生不利影响。     

必需微量元素铁与疾病的关系

综述了近年来对必需微量元素铁的生理作用及与疾病的关系的研究概况。     

非必需微量元素与健康

论述了非必需微量元素，特别是有害元素对人体健康的影响．认为对这一类元素与健康关系的研究应予足够重视．     

儿童癫痫与微量元素关系初探

测定42例癫痫病患儿血中必需微量元素及有害元素，对其含量变化与临床症状间的关系进行分析研究，表明人体内微量元素失衡对本病的发生发展起重要作用．     

Determination of trace elements in total particulate matter of cigarette smoke by instrumental neutron activation analysis

Trace elements play an important role in the metabolism of the human body. Some of the trace elements are essential, whereas others are toxic and even carcinogenic. Cigarette smoke contains many of these hazardous trace elements. Tobacco samples have been analyzed by the authors for their trace element contents and the results have been reported earlier. This paper presents results on the trace element content analyzed in cigarette smoke using an automatic smoking machine developed in this laboratory to simulate actual smoking pattern. The trace element levels in the total particulate matter samples of the cigarette smoke collected on filter papers were measured and compared with those of cigarette smoke condensate reported in the literature. Both methods of collection give comparable results.     

Investigation of the influence of Zinc-containing compounds on the components of the colloidal phase of milk

To solve the problem of insufficient intake of essential macro - and micronutrients into the human body, particularly in the case of the essential trace element Zinc, the possibility of enriching a socially significant product (milk) with various forms of Zinc is considered. The influence of Zinc-containing compounds on the colloidal milk system's dispersed composition and stability, photon correlation spectroscopy methods, acoustic and electroacoustic spectroscopy was established in this research. It has been shown that Zinc lysinatoriboflavinate, is a colloidal and chelated organic form of the essential trace element Zinc, having the most negligible effects on the composition and stability of the dispersed phase particles. This increases the average hydrodynamic radius of the dispersed phase by 5% and the ζ-potential by 10%.A quantum-chemical simulation of the interaction of milk κ-casein sites with various forms of the essential trace element Zinc in the QChem program was performed using the IQmol molecular editor. The mechanism of action of various forms of Zinc on the components of the dispersed system of milk, in particular milk protein (casein), is suggested.     

Trace Element Evaluation of Different Varieties of Chewing Gum by Radiochemical Neutron Activation Analysis

Extensive use of chewing gums, by children in particular, entails the evaluation of trace element contents in them. Radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) was successfully employed to determine the concentration of 35 trace elements (essential, toxic and nonessential) in eight different brands of chewing gum generally consumed in Rawalpindi/Islamabad area. Comparison of trace element data of our work with literature has been presented. None of the elements detected in the brands of chewing gum examined was found to be present at a level representing a substantial contribution to the total dietary intake of the element.     

微量元素医学精要Ⅰ.微量元素的生理作用和体内平衡

本文综述了微量元素的各种生理作用及其在体内的平衡与健康的关系。主要内容包括，微量元素的主要生理作用；体内元素平衡及其与健康的关系；必需微量元素的生理作用及其与健康的关系；锌缺乏症，碘缺乏症；铁缺乏症；儿童铅中毒，铝中毒。     

Speciation of trace elements in biological materials: trends and problems.

In the determination of trace elements in biological materials, speciation is of particular importance as the essential effects or toxicity of an element and its metabolic behaviour depend to a large extent on the chemical forms in which it is present in the organism. Speciation is relatively easy if a property of a particular compound can be measured directly in the sample without interference from the other components of the material, e.g., the enzymic activities of the metallo-enzymes. Another possibility for speciation is immunoassay, which likewise allows direct determination of a particular trace element. At present, however, with most trace elements both fractionation methods and analytical procedures have to be combined and speciation has to be carried out by determining the elemental content in the separated fractions. The methods and apparatus used in taking, storing and preparing the samples can, therefore, not be selected solely according to the requirements of trace element determination, but it is also essential to ensure that the biological structures of the components to be separated remain intact. In this work the need for speciation in the investigation of the toxic and essential effects of trace elements is shown with the help of some examples, and the problems that can occur in the various steps of sampling, storage and sample preparation are discussed.     

小儿支气管哮喘与免疫功能及微量元素关系的临床研究

通过临床对照研究,发现哮喘患儿血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群Ｔ３、Ｔ４、Ｔ８及Ｔ４／Ｔ８比健康对照组显著低下（Ｐ＜０００５）,而总ＩｇＥ则显著升高。患儿血中必需微量元素Ｚｎ、Ｓｅ、Ｃｒ、Ｓｒ及宏量元素Ｂ、Ｍｇ比健康对照组显著降低,而Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｃａ、Ｖ、Ａｌ、Ｃｏ及有害元素Ｃｄ则显著升高（Ｐ＜００５）。结果表明,小儿哮喘与人体免疫缺陷、部分微量元素降低及有害微量元素升高密切相关。提示：提高人体免疫功能、调节微量元素代谢失衡对提高哮喘防治效果有重要意义。     

Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Boron in Soil

There is increasing interest in the determination of boron in several fields,for example, boron is an essential trace element in the physiology of plants.     

Preconcentration by Using Microcrystalline Phenolphthalein for Determining Trace Molybdenum(Ⅵ) in Water by GFAAS

Introduction Molybdenum(Ⅵ) is a biologically essential trace element and its role in an extremely wide variety of systems has been reported. Most common methods often fail to determine trace Mo(Ⅵ) in the analysis of molybdenum-containing samples, due to limitations such as inadequate detection limits and matrix interference, which make the direct determinations impossible.     

Study on essential and toxic elements intake from drinking of Chinese tea

Twenty different brands of Chinese tea were analyzed for multiple trace elements, including some essential and toxic elements, by neutron activation analysis (NAA). A comparison among tea brands from China, India, US and other countries was made for the ranges and averages of concentrations for Na, K, Mn, Cu, and Br. It has been observed that the trace element contents in tea leaves are largely dependent upon the soil and the environment where the tea grows. Chinese tea is rich in Mn and Cu comparing with those of other counties surveyed, but is indigent in Na. The transference ratio for each element determined (i.e., the fraction of an element in tea leave transferred into solution when tea is leached by percolation) is also reported. Adult daily intakes of some essential and toxic elements from tea drinking were also estimated.