茜素与β-胡萝卜素自由基抗氧化和一氧化氮释放 的研究

在均相体系中利用紫外吸收光谱法,研究了偶氮二异丁睛(AIBN)引发的亚油酸(LH)过氧化反应,发现茜素(Alz)和β-胡萝卜素(β-C)对LH过氧化均有抑制作用,并表现出协同效应。膨胀计法研究表明Alz和β-C对AIBN引发的苯乙烯自由基聚合有阻滞作用,发现Alz与β-C间存在明显的协同阻、缓聚作用。通过在培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞中的研究表明,Alz可促使内皮细胞释放一氧化氮(NO),其作用比乙酰胆碱(Ach)更为显著。     

无溶剂体系酶促阿魏酸双甘酯合成的研究

对酶催化合成阿魏酸双甘酯的脂肪酶进了筛选和比较,并对影响合成阿魏酸双甘酯的因素(助溶剂、转速、底物比、时间、温度、水含量和硅藻土添加量)进行了探讨,结果表明无溶剂反应体系中阿魏酸双甘酯的产率远远高于含有助溶剂体系中反应.同时优化了反应条:无溶剂体系中在70mg CRL催化下,转速为150 r/m in,底物比为1:1,反应时间为120 h,水含量为10 ug/g,硅藻土添加量为40 mg时产率可达33.25%.     

新型水飞蓟宾乙酰阿魏酸单酯的合成

以水飞蓟宾和阿魏酸为起始原料,采用酰氯酯化法合成了新化合物水飞蓟宾-23-乙酰阿魏酸单酯{3-(4-乙酰基.3-甲氧苯基)-2-丙烯酸[3-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-6-(3,5,7-三羟基-4-氡代-苯并吡喃-2)-2,3-二氢-1,4-苯并二氧六环-2]-甲基酯},其结构经UV,1H NMR和ESI-MS表征.     

酯类前药阿魏酸丹皮酚酯的合成

以阿魏酸和丹皮酚为起始原料,先将阿魏酸的羟基用乙酰基保护得乙酰阿魏酸（1）; 1与丹皮酚经酯化反应制得乙酰阿魏酸丹皮酚酯（2）; 2在水合肼催化下水解脱去保护基合成了酯类前药阿魏酸丹皮酚酯,总收率36.0%,其结构经过¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和MS（ESI）确证。     

毛细管电泳同时分离测定阿魏酸、异阿魏酸的研究

建立了同时分离测定阿魏酸、异阿魏酸的毛细管电泳(CZE)新方法。以20 mmol/L硼砂为背景电解质,体积分数15%异丙醇为有机改性剂,分离电压为20 kV,在219 nm波长下紫外检测。对硼砂浓度、有机溶剂体积分数、分离电压等因素对分离的影响做了系统的研究,最后确立了阿魏酸、异阿魏酸的最佳分离条件。阿魏酸、异阿魏酸分别在2.40~24.0μg/mL、1.80~18.0μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9995和r=0.9991),回收率分别为96.61%~101.9%,98.80%~101.8%。方法已用于升麻中阿魏酸、异阿魏酸的测定。     

阿魏酸分子印迹复合膜的制备及性能

以聚偏氟乙烯微孔滤膜为支撑膜、阿魏酸为模板分子、α-甲基丙烯酸为功能单体、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,采用紫外光引发原位聚合法制备阿魏酸分子印迹复合膜,并将其用于阿魏酸的分离提取.使用扫描电镜和红外光谱分析对印迹复合膜的形态和结构进行了表征;通过X射线衍射分析和拉伸测试等技术研究了印迹复合膜的晶体结构和力学性能;采用静态吸附法和平板超滤膜分离器考察了印迹复合膜的结合性能与渗透选择性能.结果表明:印迹复合膜对阿魏酸的结合容量高于对结构类似的肉桂酸,当吸附浓度为0.1 mmol/L时结合选择因子达到1.9.在渗透40 min时,印迹复合膜对阿魏酸渗透量为5.16 μmol/cm2,与肉桂酸相比,渗透选择性因子为1.74,渗透性能优于非印迹复合膜.     

蒽醌衍生物与β-胡萝卜素自由基抗氧化协同作用的研究

在均相体系中利用紫外光谱法,研究了偶氮二异丁睛(AIBN)引发的亚油酸(LH)过氧化反应,发现蒽醌(AQ)、1,2-二羟基-9,10-蒽醌(AQ1,2-OH)、1,8-二羟基-9,10-蒽醌(AQ1,8-OH)和β-胡萝卜素(β-C)对LH过氧化均有抑制作用,并表现出协同效应．膨胀计法研究表明AQ,AQ1,2-OH,AQ1,8-OH和β-C对AIBN引发的苯乙烯自由基本体聚合均有阻聚作用,并发现AQ,AQ1,2-OH和AQ1,8-OH与β-C间存在明显的协同阻聚作用．     

5-取代阿魏酸衍生物的结构与抗氧化活性研究

利用量子化学中密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法对一系列5-取代阿魏酸衍生物的结构与抗氧化活性进行了研究,获得了5-取代阿魏酸衍生物中性分子、自由基、自由基阳离子的稳定构型和能量。研究了两种不同的抗氧化机理—氢原子转移机制和电子伴随质子转移机制,以及表征抗氧化活性的两个最重要的参数—键解离焓和电离势。结果表明,分子平面结构和延伸的共轭链都有利于分散单电子,提高了自由基的稳定性,从而使自由基链式反应减慢或终止;5-位引入吸电子基团使得ArO—H键解离焓和电离势增大,抗氧化活性减弱;引入给电子基团则抗氧化活性增强。HOMO轨道能量与电离势具有较好的线性相关性,高度离域分散的自旋密度分布对于稳定半醌式自由基具有重要意义。通过实验测定了部分化合物的抗氧化活性,实验结果与理论预测结果具有良好的一致性,说明密度泛函对于阿魏酸的结构修饰以及抗氧化剂的筛选具有重要的指导作用。     

迷迭香单体的抗氧化活性

采用柱层析方法对迷迭香抗氧化剂(Rao)进行分离,分离出8个含量较高的单体.用光度法、ESR法、滴定法测定了迷迭香的8个单体、单体组合及Rao的抗氧化活性,并分析了抗氧化活性与其结构的关系.结果表明,在单体中,对超氧阴离子自由基及羟基自由基清除率最高的是槲皮素,分别为82.6%和87.1%.对香烟烟气自由基平均清除率最高的是迷迭香二酚,清除率为48.17%.单体活性最强的槲皮素和迷迭香二酚组合后,其抗氧化活性高于单体.活性强的抗氧化剂对油脂过氧化的抑制效果好,但作用时间较短.     

DFT Study on the Antioxidant Activity of a Modeled p-Terphenyl Derivative

Relationships between the structure characteristics of natural p-terphenyl com- pounds isolated from three edible mushrooms (Thelephora ganbajun, Thelephora aeronautical, and Boletopsis grisea) indigenous to China and their mechanism of antioxidant activity were studied. Geometry structures of terphenyl molecule and four corresponding radicals, bond dissociation energy (BDE), frontier orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) and single electron density were calculated using DFT methods (B3LYP/6-311G**). The computational results which are consistent with the experimental data well show that terphenyl molecule scavenges DPPH radical by hydrogen abstract mechanism and the high antioxidant activity depends on the substitution position of hydroxyls. Two active 7-, 8-hydroxyls facilitate the hydrogen abstraction due to the intramolecular hydrogen bond and the resonance effect makes 4-hydroxyl radical more stable.     

苯甲酸-Fenton体系荧光法测定中草药抗氧化活性

利用Feton体系产生羟自由基,能与苯甲酸反应生成具有强荧光的产物,加入抗氧化剂可有效清除羟自由基,导致体系荧光强度降低.据此建立了筛选抗氧化剂的荧光新体系.应用所建立的方法测定了葛根、吴茱萸和黄连三种常见中草药的抗氧化活性.结果表明,当中草药的浓度为0.4 mg(dry weight)/mL时,葛根、吴茱萸、黄连对羟...     

Design and Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridine and Cinnamic Acid Esters and Their Antioxidant Properties

In this study, cinnamic acid derivatives with pyridine ring were synthesized via Hantzsch reaction in order to expand conjugation system and their antioxidant abilities were tested. According to the evaluation results of their antioxidant properties, compounds 2 and 3 have similar antioxidant activity to prevent DNA from ^·OH^- and Cu²⁺/GSH induced oxidation, demonstrating that 1,4-dihydropyridine and pyridine nucleus exhibit good resistance to oxidation while the substituents have little effect. In the meantime, the AAPH-induced oxidative DNA damage[AAPH=2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine)dihydrochloride] and trapping ABTS^+· test show that N—H bond and large conjugation systems are the pivotal parts to improve the activities of antioxidant.     

Electrochemical Study of DPPH Incorporated in Carbon Paste Electrode as Potential Tool for Antioxidant Properties Determination

The electrochemical behaviour of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) incorporated in a carbon paste electrode (CPE/DPPH1 %) was studied. Two electrochemical systems assigned to the free‐radical were perfectly defined, including System I where DPPH acts as reducing agent and System II where it acts as an oxidant. Although System II was reversible and remains stable after several consecutive potential scans, System I shows high peak current ratio (Ipa/Ipc=1.4) and a significant decrease in signal intensity when performing consecutive potentials scans. This phenomenon was due to the chemical reaction of the oxidized DPPH and the hydroxide ions present at the vicinity of the electrode surface. This new compound formed was responsible of a new system (System III). Systems II and III were highly pH‐dependent, in agreement with the proton exchange involved in these electrochemical transformations. When experiments were performed in the presence of ascorbic acid (AAH₂), only System I was found to be ideal for monitoring the antioxidant activity of AAH₂. System I clearly shows a linear dependency between the peak currents of DPPH as a function of AAH₂ concentration. This linear response was used to determine the IC₅₀ of ascorbic acid (0.56 μM) in the described experimental condition. This effect was confirmed when controlled amount of tea extracts were used instead of AAH₂, confirming the efficiency of CPE/DPPH1 % for the electrochemical evaluation of antioxidant properties.     

使用本征值方法研究抗氧化剂的构效关系

利用本征值(EVA)方法对一组分子多样性较大的酚类或苯胺类抗氧化剂进行了理论研究,在未采用任何实验数据的情况下,研究结果接近于文献报道的QSAR模型,表明EVA方法是研究抗氧化剂抗氧化活性构效关系的良好工具.     

甲酸在钯微粒修饰聚苯胺电极上氧化的协同效应研究

Electrochemical oxidation of formic acid on PAN(Pd) electrode has been studied using conventional electrochemical techniques and the electrochemical in-situ FTIR. The process of electrochemical oxidation of PAN(Pd) electorde has been put forward. The kinetic parameters of different thickness of PAN film such as diffusion coefficient (D0) and reaction rate constant(k0) have been calculated. Furthermore, the causes of the difference between PAN(Pd) and pure Pd(or Pt) electrodes as well as the high electrocatalytic activation of PAN(Pd) electrode for oxidation of fomic acid have also been discussed. The high catalytic activation of PAN(Pd) electrode for oxidation of formic acid probably comes from the synergistic effect of the subcatalytic interaction of PAN and the catalytic interaction of the palladium microparticles.     

Photostability of Ferulic Acid and Its Antioxidant Activity Against Linoleic Acid Peroxidation

Ferulic acid (4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxycinnamic acid), a phenyl‐propenoid derivative of cinnamic acid, can undergo photolysis upon UV irradiation. The photodegradation kinetics of ferulic acid were thus investigated in different systems. The micellar solutions did not protect the acid from photodegradation. On the contrary, they catalyzed its degradation at a variable extent depending on the surfactant structure. The photodegradation of ferulic acid in microemulsions was slower than in micelles and near to that in water. TiO₂, habitually employed as a physical sunscreen, showed photocatalytic action toward ferulic acid degradation especially at higher initial concentration of ferulic acid. The action of ferulic acid on the peroxidation of linoleic acid in micelles and microemulsions also was evaluated. When the ferulic acid is absent the peroxidation is continuous while when it is present an induction time of 40 minutes or higher was observed. Accordingly, it is likely that linoleic acid acts as photosensitizer for ferulic acid, and that in turn ferulic acid acts as an antioxidant for linoleic acid, reducing the rate of peroxidation.     

毛细管电泳手性分离中的协同效应

综述了毛细管电泳手性分离中的协同效应。介绍了毛细管电泳手性分离中双手性选择剂的应用情况。表明用CDs/CDs.CDs/crown组成的双选择剂及聚合环糊精衍生物,聚合手性胶束体系有可能改善难拆分的对映体物质的分离效果,展示了协同效应的毛细管电泳拆分复杂物质对映体中的应用前景。     

基于果糖自氧化体系的抗氧化剂筛选方法

机体内果糖的自氧化过程中会产生多种自由基, 并最终转化为羟自由基, 苯甲酸钠可捕获羟自由基生成具有强荧光信号的羟基苯甲酸钠. 本文采用荧光光度法考察了影响果糖自氧化体系的各种因素, 建立了果糖自氧化产生羟自由基体系. 实验结果表明, 在果糖浓度为8.00 mmol/L, CuSO₄浓度为20.0 μmol/L, 苯甲酸钠浓度为24.0 mmol/L, pH=7.4, 温度为37℃及反应时间为24 h的条件下, 果糖自氧化体系最终可产生19.27 μmol/L的羟自由基. 抗氧化剂的存在可清除果糖自氧化过程中产生的自由基, 使最终生成的羟自由基的量减少, 从而导致生成的羟基苯甲酸钠减少, 荧光信号减弱, 由此建立了基于果糖自氧化体系的抗氧化剂筛选方法. 利用本评价体系考察了抗氧化剂盐酸小檗碱和阿魏酸的抗氧化能力, 实验结果表明, 中药标准品盐酸小檗碱和阿魏酸均能有效清除果糖自氧化体系产生的羟自由基, 其IC₅₀值分别为0.023和0.036 mmol/L.     

甲基磺酸铜-醋酸催化醛的双乙酰化反应的协同效应及重复使用性研究

甲基磺酸铜-醋酸作为协同催化体系,在室温条件下催化醛生成相应的1,1-双乙酸酯取得了较高收率.反应结束后,甲基磺酸铜可被回收重复使用,重复使用多次未见明显失活.