腐植酸接枝共聚物对赤红壤K^＋吸附与解吸的影响

本文研究了经施用硝基腐植酸与丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺三元接枝共聚物的料红壤中钾离子的吸附和解吸的影响。实验结果表明,施用共聚物的土训可减少土壤对中钾离子的吸附,增加土壤对钾离子的解吸,提高钾离子的抗淋溶。改良后的土壤可减少土壤钾的损失,提高钾肥的利用率。     

NH 型斜发沸石吸附钾离子

研究了NH4 型斜发沸石对盐水中钾离子的吸附行为,考察了竞争阳离子等对铵型斜发沸石吸附钾离子的影响。结果表明,NH4 型斜发沸石对钾离子具有较强的选择吸附性与较大的饱和吸附容量,受钾离子初始浓度的影响,NH4 型斜发沸石吸附钾离子的行为在沸石相K 平衡分数YK 为0.5时发生较大转折。竞争阳离子的存在在不同程度上抑制了铵型斜发沸石对钾离子的吸附,特别是钾离子与钠离子的相对比例直接影响NH4 型斜发沸石对混合液中钾离子的选择交换能力。     

温敏梳状嵌段共聚物对PS微球阻抗蛋白吸附作用的研究

采用可逆加成断裂链转移聚合(RAFT)方法和大分子单体技术,制备了温敏性聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)-聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)与PNIPAM-聚氧化乙烯(PEO)梳状嵌段共聚物,这些共聚物具有PVP或PEO支链.以溶菌酶为蛋白模型研究了所得共聚物对聚苯乙烯(PS)微球表面蛋白吸附的抑制作用.通过絮凝实验、激光散射法表观粒径测定、电泳迁移率测定及蛋白吸附量的定量数据比较了不同梳状结构的抗蛋白吸附效果.结果表明,预吸附梳状嵌段共聚物可有效阻抗蛋白吸附,亲水支链增加阻抗性能提高,即使环境温度高于PNIPAM的相转变温度也能阻抗蛋白吸附.透射电镜和共聚物胶体粒径测试表明,梳状嵌段共聚物阻抗蛋白吸附的机制是预吸附后PVP或PEO亲水支链在微球表面形成了阻隔层.通过PS微球的变温絮凝实验可评价预吸附聚合物的抗蛋白吸附性能,快速获得定性结果.     

MMA/MPC共聚物膜的制备及其抗凝血性能研究

采用自由基共聚制得了甲基丙烯酸甲酯与2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基磷酰胆碱(MPC)的共聚物, 在模板中将溶剂蒸发得到了共聚物膜. 用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、元素分析仪(EA)、氢核磁共振(¹H NMR)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对共聚物及其膜的结构与形态进行了表征, 并测定了膜的溶胀度与表面的亲水性, 结合对牛血清蛋白(BSA)吸附研究结果表明: 共聚物膜的溶胀度随着MPC含量的增加而逐渐上升, 并且随着温度的升高而逐渐增大; 由动态接触角(DCA)结果可知共聚物膜表面的链段可随着环境的变化而发生重排, MPC链段向膜表面的迁移提高了膜表面的亲水性, 降低了对蛋白质的吸附. 并通过体外血小板粘附试验对膜材料的抗凝血性能进行了评价. 结果表明, 当共聚物膜中w(MPC)＝0.25时, 膜表面吸附的血小板数量明显减少, 共聚物膜表现出良好的抗凝血性能.     

阳离子交换树脂静态脱除糖蜜酒精废液中钾离子的动力学研究

研究了ZGC108树脂对糖蜜酒精废液中钾离子的静态吸附行为。考察了搅拌速率、溶液温度、浓度及树脂粒径对钾离子在树脂上静态交换过程的影响,并用动边界模型描述了钾离子交换动力学过程,得出了动力学方程。确定糖蜜酒精废液中钾离子与ZGC108树脂的交换过程为颗粒扩散控制,表观活化能为42.5kJ/mol,反应级数为1.2,表观频率因子为7.03×104min-1。     

沸石吸附钾离子的热力学研究

研究了沸石吸附钾离子的热力学行为,测定了不同温度下吸附等温线热力学性能的变化,对平衡常数及吸附热进行了计算.结果表明,Langmuir吸附等温式的曲线拟合能较好地描述不同温度下的实验数据,钾离子在K -Na 体系中的平衡常数与温度成负相关,△H为负值且较大,其吸附过程为自发的放热反应.     

大孔交联聚苯乙烯吸附树脂的接枝改性

为改进大孔吸附树脂的吸附性能,利用辐射引发接枝或化学引发接枝的方法在大孔交联聚苯乙烯骨架上接枝甲基丙烯酸β羟乙酯。用红外光谱鉴定接枝共聚物。改变辐照温度,辐照剂量和单体浓度可控制接枝量。接枝后树脂的吸附能力显著提高,无论是对水溶性药物还是对脂溶性药物的吸附能力皆优于原树脂,并接近或超过椰壳炭。     

VDF-CTFE共聚物在TATB表面吸附链构象的分子动力学模拟

采用COMPASS力场和NVT正则系综的动力学计算模拟了偏氟乙烯(PVDF)与三氟氯乙烯(PCTFE)及其共聚物在1,3,5-三氨基-2,4,6-三硝基苯(TATB)表面吸附能和吸附链的构象. 结果表明, 氟聚合物链与TATB表面距离小于0.8 nm时, 产生吸附放热效应. 在TATB表面, PVDF有强吸附作用, 而PCTFE的吸附能力差. 对VDF与CTFE单体摩尔比为1∶1, 1∶2, 1∶3和1∶4的共聚物吸附模拟结果表明, 共聚物的组成和链的序列结构对其在TATB表面的吸附行为和吸附链构象影响很大. 单体摩尔比为1∶2的交替共聚物链的吸附效果最佳. 随着共聚物链段中PCTFE链节的增加, 聚合物链的刚性增大, 在TATB表面吸附能力逐渐下降、吸附能亦降低, 尾型(tail)或环型(loop)构象数逐渐增多.     

新型PLA-PVP两亲性共聚物的生物相容性

通过溶血试验、动态凝血试验、血小板吸附试验、细胞毒性试验,对新型PLA—PVP两亲性共聚物的生物相容性进行了研究,并考察了共聚物的组成对其生物相容性的影响。结果表明,共聚物的溶血率、凝血程度、血小板吸附和变形情况均符合生物材料生物学评价标准,并且,随单体投料比中亲水性单体NVP舍量增大,共聚物的血液相容性有所提高;细胞毒性试验结果显示共聚物对细胞无毒性,对其生长无明显抑制作用。共聚物中引入亲水性PVP链段后,与单一的PLA材料相比较,生物相容性得到改善。     

偏氟乙烯/三氟氯乙烯交替共聚物在TATB表面吸附的分子动力学模拟

采用COMPASS力场和NVT正则系综的动力学模拟方法, 搭建了聚合度分别为10, 50和100的偏氟乙烯(VDF)/三氟氯乙烯(CTFE)交替共聚物, 对交替共聚物在1,3,5-三氨基-2,4,6-三硝基苯(TATB)的(0,0,1)晶面上的吸附和结构进行了分子动力学(MD)模拟. 结果表明, 在300～320 K温区, 聚合度为100的VDF/CTFE交替共聚物链对TATB晶体有理想的表面活性和吸附能力, 以train型构象平铺于TATB表面. 通过对聚合度为10的交替共聚物的多链体系在TATB表面吸附的MD模拟, 表明了VDF/CTFE交替共聚物具有非凝聚吸附的高表面活性特征. 对搭建的乙酸乙酯溶剂化的聚合度为50的VDF/CTFE交替共聚物在TATB晶体表面吸附的模拟, 实验证明了溶剂小分子能够降低共聚物链的吸附能力, 且链以tail型构象吸附于TATB表面.     

离子交换树脂的选择及柠檬酸溶液循环使用研究

用离子交换树脂法吸附柠檬酸溶液中的金属离子,苯乙烯系阳离子交换树脂的吸附性能较好,它对镍、铝离子的吸附容量均较大,且吸附前后柠檬酸溶液的浓度变化较小.静态条件下树脂对镍的吸附容量为16.83mg Ni/g干树脂,对铝为21.36mg Al/g干树脂;动态条件下树脂对镍的吸附容量为6.78mg Ni/g干树脂,对铝为31.8mgAl/g干树脂,吸附液流速为1m/h～3m/h.吸附后的柠檬酸溶液可循环使用.当用1mol/L硫酸解吸时,树脂对镍铝的解吸率可达90%以上.当硫酸中Ni2 为1.70mmol/L,Al3 为7.40mmol/L时,树脂的解吸率仍可达80%以上.     

Adsorption of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions using nano-montmorillonite: kinetics,isotherm and mechanism evaluations

With increasing industrial development, heavy metal pollution, e.g., cadmium (Cd) pollution, is increasingly serious in soil and water environments. This study investigated the sorption performance of nano-montmorillonite (NMMT) for Cd ions. Adsorption experiments were carried out to examine the effects of the initial metal ion concentration (22.4–224 mg/L), pH (2.5–7.5), contact time (2–180 min) and temperature (15–40 °C). A simulated acid rain solution was prepared to study the desorption of Cd adsorbed on NMMT. After the adsorption or desorption process, the supernatant was analyzed using a flame atomic absorption spectrometry method. The Cd removal rate increased as the pH and contact time increased but decreased as the initial metal ion concentration increased. The maximum adsorption capacity was estimated to be 17.61 mg/g at a Cd²⁺ concentration of 22.4 mg/L. The sorption process can be described by both the Langmuir and Freundlich models, and the kinetic studies revealed that the pseudo-second-order model fit the experimental data. The Cd desorption rate when exposed to simulated acid rain was less than 1%. NMMT possesses a good adsorption capacity for Cd ions. Additionally, ion exchange was the main adsorption mechanism, but some precipitation or surface adsorption also occurred.     

腐植酸对砷的吸附作用研究

腐植酸中含有大量的极性基团,对金属离子有较强的吸附性能。运用氢化物-原子荧光光谱法,以泥炭腐植酸为原料,研究了腐植酸对砷(V)离子的吸附作用和腐植酸吸附剂中砷的回收,并得出了最佳的吸附和脱附条件。实验考察了酸度、时间分别对吸附和脱附的影响。结果表明,泥炭腐植酸对砷吸附的最佳模型为Freundlich吸附方程,当溶液成中性时腐植酸对砷的吸附量较大且趋于平稳。砷的浓度为1μg/mL,溶液的pH值为7,吸附时间控制在55min时,吸附效果最佳,最大吸附率为85.49%。脱附的最佳条件为:pH值14,脱附时间20min。     

环已胺在沸石分子筛上的吸脱附行为研究

本文以程序升温脱附(TPD)为主要实验手段,对环己胺在5种不同沸石分子筛上的吸脱附行为进行了研究。结果表明,沸石分子筛对环己胺有着较强的吸附作用,不同的沸石分子筛对环己胺的吸附能力受其结构和表面酸性特征的影响而异。有效吸附部位为与沸石分子筛表面酸性有关的弱化学吸附位;环己胺从不同沸石分子筛表面脱附的动力学与晶内扩散有关,其表观脱附活化能分别为:63.6kJ/mol(5A),68.6kJ/mol(13X),20.1kJ/mol(菱沸石),46.9kJ/mol(NaY)和47.3KJ/mol(ZSM-5)。     

树脂吸附法分离银杏酚酸的研究

采用树脂吸附法分离银杏酚酸，通过对5种不同类型的树脂的筛选，发现D290树脂对银杏酚酸类有较大的吸附量。对D290树脂对银杏酚酸的吸附性能进行了研究，得到了吸附等温线、动力学曲线、穿透曲线，同时对不同浓度的乙酸石油醚溶液对解吸率的影响进行了研究，发现1％的乙酸石油醚溶液洗脱较好，解吸率为95％。     

氨基酸与离子交换树脂相互作用的研究(Ⅱ)——高浓度下离子交换树脂超当量吸附氨基酸的机理

近年来,对氨基酸离子交换平衡虽有不少研究^[1～4],但涉及超当量吸附的研究并不多见,且解释亦各有不同^[6～7].本文拟对超当量吸附机理作深入研究.     

Adsorption, desorption and activities of acid phosphatase on various colloidal particles from an Ultisol

Adsorption, desorption and activity of acid phosphatase on various soil colloidal particles and pure clay minerals were studied. Higher adsorption amounts and low percentage of desorption of acid phosphatase were found on fine soil clays (<0.2 μm). Electrostatic force and ligand exchange are the major driving forces that are involved in the adsorption of enzymes on soil clays. More enzyme molecules were adsorbed on soil clays in the presence of organic components. However, enzymes on organic clays were more easily released. One-third of the enzyme on goethite was adsorbed via ligand exchange process. Some other interactions, such as van der Waals force, hydrophobic force and hydrogen bonding may be more important in the adsorption of enzyme on kaolinite and the enzyme in this system cannot be easily removed. Coarse clays (0.2–2 μm) and inorganic soil clays had higher affinities for enzyme molecules than fine clays and organic clays, respectively. The activity of enzyme bound on soil clays was inhibited and the thermal stability was increased in the presence of organic matter. Data obtained in this study are helpful for a better understanding of the interactions of enzymes with inorganic and organic constituents in soil and associated environments.     

Preparation of a K+‐imprinted polymer for the selective recognition of K+ in food samples

An analytical method is reported for the preparation of K⁺‐imprinted nanoparticles using cryptand 222 as the complexing agent, methacrylic acid as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinker and 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as the radical initiator. The prepared particles have a diameter of 200–250 nm. The maximum adsorption capacity of potassium ion‐imprinted polymer particles was 120 μmol/g. The optimum pH for quantitative extraction was 9.0. The nature of the eluent, eluent concentration, adsorption and desorption times, weight of the polymer material, aqueous phase, and desorption volumes were also studied. The relative selectivity coefficients of K⁺/Li⁺, K⁺/Na⁺, K⁺/Rb⁺ and K⁺/Cs⁺ were 48.10, 4.80, 29.70, and 43.4, respectively. The relative standard deviation and limit of detection of the method were obtained 1.61% and 4.62 ng/L, respectively. Finally, the method was applied for the determination of potassium ions from different samples using flame photometry.     

Adsorption Behavior of Potassium Ion on Planting Materials

Characterization of planting materials used as adsorbent has been studied in order to compare potassium ion adsorption on two types of planting materials, which are a fired planting material （FPM） made from a mixture of 4 kinds of wastes （bottom ash, flue gas desulfurization （FGD） gypsum, paddy soil and sawdust） formed and fired at 850 ℃and the commercial planting material called ＂hydroball＂ （HDB） bought from Jatujak market, Bangkok. The physical characteristics of both types of planting materials indicate that the FPM has a larger specific surface area than the HDB. The factors affecting potassium adsorption on both the planting materials such as an equilibration time and some solid/solution ratios were investigated. The suitable equilibration time for the adsorption to reach an equilibrium on the FPM and HDB is one and two hours, respectively. The highest amounts of potassium ion adsorbed on both the planting materials were obtained when the solid/solution ratio was 1 ： 15. The adsorption behavior on both the planting materials tends to correspond with the Freundlich isotherm.     

Peculiarities of Polyacrylic Acid Adsorption on Copper Oxide Powder

The adsorption of polyacrylic acid on copper(II) oxide powder from aqueous solutions was studied. The amount of the adsorbed polymer was shown to increase with time reaching its maximum over 6–7 min. The desorption kinetics of copper polyacrylates was studied by measuring variations in copper ion concentration in the solution. The rate of desorption was found to be independent of the initial concentration of polyacrylic acid. A decrease in the dispersed phase concentration did not actually affect the initial rate of the polymer desorption. However, it caused a drastic fall in the rate of desorption after 1–1.5 min. A mathematical model was proposed for describing the experimental data.