奇特的量子效应——量子纠缠

 量子力学从1925年诞生以来,经过大量的实验检验和理论发展,肯定了它的正确性。量子力学与信息技术的结合也是必然的。当今,信息科学在推动社会文明进步和提高人类生活质量方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。     

浅析量子混沌教学

介绍了量子力学中量子混沌教学的重要内容和特点,这对帮助学生理解量子力学理论是非常重要的,同时也有利于培养学生的创新能力.     

概率论与量子力学

量子力学和相对论一样，是本世纪初为了适应现代物理学新发展形势的需要，克服了经典物理学在理论和实践中不能解决的一些困难而产生出来的科学理论．几十年来在科学实践的广泛领域里，取得了富有成效的应用成果．但是，关于它的基本原理的物理和哲学的解释，一直存在着两种思想、两种世界观的激烈斗争，这种斗争对完善、改革和发展这门科学理论具有重要的意义． 这里刊登了两篇关于量子力学的文章：《论量子力学的公理基础》一文，对量子力学基本原理的物理意义作了简明的、具有代表性的解释；《概率论与量子力学》一文，则对量子力学的基本原理和它的体系提出了不同的看法．欢迎大家对这一问题进行讨论．讨论的目的在于，站在无产阶级的立场，使马克思主义占领这一科学理论阵地，促使它更加完善，沿着正确的道路向前发展；改造它成为我国广大工农兵群众能够掌握和利用的科学武器，为我国的社会主义革命和建设事业服务，为巩固和加强无产阶级专政服务．     

论平均值公理在量子力学中的地位及其对教学的启示

文章对平均值公理在量子力学中的作用、地位及其对量子力学教学的启示进行了详细的分析和讨论,表明只需将普通的平均值公式加以推广,便可自然地得到量子力学中的平均值公理.平均值公理在量子力学中处于基础地位,从平均值公理出发,用严格的数学理论可进一步推导出量子力学的其他基本特性.在量子力学教学过程中,从平均值公理出发,量子力学理论的逻辑和概念会更清晰,特别是对于初学者而言,这样更便于他们接受和理解量子力学理论.     

评关洪著《一代神话--哥本哈根学派》

量子力学是在物理学里最成功和最精巧的理论之一,它只在一段相当短的时间里就建立起来了.历史上有许多重要的物理学理论是由很少数的几个人创立的,而这些理论都没有引起任何重大的争论.几个著名的例子是由牛顿创立的力学,由麦克斯韦创立的电磁学理论,和由爱因斯坦创立的狭义相对论.量子力学就大不相同了.为了得出它的数学方程式和意义解释,需要科学世界里最优秀的一批头脑的联合努力.不像在物理上已经得到充分发展和理解的经典力学那样,量子力学仍然在发展之中,并且仍然是在实验上和理论上都进行着紧张研究的一个领域.除了像定域性和测量问…     

探索量子与经典的界限——宏观系统内Leggett Garg不等式的实验检验

正量子力学是现代物理学的支柱理论,它精确地描述了微观世界的粒子行为。以量子理论为基础,人类发展出半导体、激光、核磁共振、电子显微镜、量子信息等一系列重大技术。量子力学的应用极大促进了人类物质文明的进步,然而,关于量子力学的理解与表述却众说纷纭,至今争议不断~[1]。量子力学使用波函数描述系统状态,它允许     

哥本哈根学派与量子力学

 量子力学是现代物理学的基础理论之一,是研究微观粒子的运动规律,是关于微观粒子波粒二象性的理论.量子力学诞生至今已有七十余年的历史,七十余年来,它不仅促进了物理学理论的发展,也促进了整个自然科学的发展.     

中外量子力学教材中有关“波函数的统计诠释”论述的区别与思考

量子力学理论作为近代物理学的重要基础理论之一,其发展对人类的影响产生极重要的作用.本文通过对4本国内外著名量子力学教材的介绍,具体就波函数的统计诠释这一基本概念的讲解展开分析,讨论了不同教材的讲解思路和教学讨论深广度的区别及特色,从而明确了国内外教材某些知识点的优势和侧重点.     

必须重视对量子力学的哥本哈根解释的批判

量子力学诞生至今已有五十年了,五十年来,量子力学作为突破经典物理学的一次巨大革新,在研究光谱学、固体物理、原子结构、原子核结构直至基本粒子等广泛的领域内取得了辉煌的成就.现在,量子力学和相对论一起,构成了现代物理学的两块基石,在这两个领域中进行探索和研究,对突破和发展现代物理学理论具有重要的意义. 科学上重大问题的出现,总会引起各种争论.五十年来围绕着量子力学解释问题上的争论一直没有停止过,学派之多,争论之激烈,是历史上空前的.这就说明,自然科学每前进一步都是要花费力气的,人类要在微观世界取得自由不是一件轻而易举…     

L.V.德布罗意及其对量子力学创建的贡献

介绍了Ｌ．德布罗意如何提出作为量子力学基础之一的相位波及波粒二象性理论，并讨论了Ｌ．德布罗意对建立量子力学的贡献及其科学思想对现代科学产生的深远影响和重要意义。     

The physics of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox

The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox as formulated in their original paper is critically examined. Their argument that quantum mechanics is incomplete is shown to be unsatisfactory on two important grounds. (i) The gedanken experiment proposed by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen is physically unrealizable, and consequently their argument is invalid as it stands. (ii) The basic assumptions of their argument are equivalent to the assumption that quantum mechanical systems are in fact describable by unique eigenfunctions of the operators corresponding to physical observables, independent of any observation or measurement. Following an argument due to Furry, it is shown that this interpretation of quantum mechanics must lead to some physical predictions at variance with those of conventional quantum mechanics. A decisive experiment has been performed by Freedman and Clauser, which rules out this interpretation, and imposes severe restrictions on any alternative theory which incorporates the Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen concept of physical reality.     

Interference and interaction in Schrödinger's wave mechanics

Reminiscing on the fact that E. Schrödinger was rooted in the same physical tradition as M. Planck and A. Einstein, some aspects of his attitude to quantum mechanics are discussed. In particular, it is demonstrated that the quantum-mechanical paradoxes assumed by Einstein and Schrödinger should not exist, but that otherwise the epistemological problem of physical reality raised in this context by Einstein and Schrödinger is fundamental for our understanding of quantum theory. The nonexistence of such paradoxes just shows that quantum-mechanical effects are due to interference and not to interaction. This line of argument leads consequently to quantum field theories with second quantization, and accordingly quantum theory based both on Planck's constant h and on Democritus's atomism.     

The Einstein Podolsky Rosen Paradox and Local Hidden—Variables Theories

Einstein's severe critique of quantum mechanics took its ultimate form in the so-called Einstein Podolsky Rosen (EPR) paradox. The latter remained a subject of mere dispute, until a remarkable progress was initiated in 1964 by Bell who showed that quantum mechanical correlations specific for an EPR type experiment cannot be reproduced in any local hidden—variables theory. Afterwards, realistic versions of EPR experiments have been conceived and, in fact, carried out. The objective of the present paper is to give a review of this recent exciting development, both theoretical and experimental, which reveals one of the most striking features of quantum theory, the “quantum interconnectedness of distant systems”.     

A Symmetrical Interpretation of the Klein-Gordon Equation

This paper presents a new Symmetrical Interpretation (SI) of relativistic quantum mechanics which postulates: quantum mechanics is a theory about complete experiments, not particles; a complete experiment is maximally described by a complex transition amplitude density; and this transition amplitude density never collapses. This SI is compared to the Copenhagen Interpretation (CI) for the analysis of Einstein’s bubble experiment. This SI makes several experimentally testable predictions that differ from the CI, solves one part of the measurement problem, resolves some inconsistencies of the CI, and gives intuitive explanations of some previously mysterious quantum effects.     

The nature of Einstein's objections to the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics

In what follows, I examine three main points which may help us to understand the deep nature of Einstein's objections to quantum mechanics. After having played a fundamental pioneer role in the birth of quantum physics, Einstein was, as is well known, far less enthusiastic about its constitution as a quantum mechanics and, since 1927, he constantly argued against the pretention of its founders and proponents to have settled a definitive and complete theory. I emphasize first the importance of the philosophical climate, which was dominated by the Copenhagen orthodoxy and Bohr's idea of complementarity: What Einstein was primarily reluctant to was to accept the fundamental character of quantum mechanics as such, and to modify for it the basic principles of knowledge. I thus stress the main lines of Einstein's own programme in respect to quantum physics, which is to be considered in relation to his other contemporary attempts and achievements. Finally, I show how Einstein's arguments, when dealing with his objections, have been fruitful and some of them still worthy, with regard to recent developments concerning local nonseparability as well as concerning the problems of completeness and accomplishment of quantum theory.     

Quantum Locality

It is argued that while quantum mechanics contains nonlocal or entangled states, the instantaneous or nonlocal influences sometimes thought to be present due to violations of Bell inequalities in fact arise from mistaken attempts to apply classical concepts and introduce probabilities in a manner inconsistent with the Hilbert space structure of standard quantum mechanics. Instead, Einstein locality is a valid quantum principle: objective properties of individual quantum systems do not change when something is done to another noninteracting system. There is no reason to suspect any conflict between quantum theory and special relativity.     

Some further comments on the Selleri-Tarozzi proof of the nonlocality of quantum mechanics

A recent proof, by Selleri and Tarozzi, of the nonlocality of quantum mechanics is reexamined within a general ensemble interpretation. It is concluded that there is no reason at all to doubt the compatibility between quantum mechanics and Einstein locality in the sense of Einstein's relativity principle (propagation of physical influences with finite velocity).