On Classification of Integrable Nonevolutionary Equations

We study partial differential equations of second order (in time) that possess a hierarchy of infinitely many higher symmetries. The famous Boussinesq equation is a member of this class after the extension of the differential polynomial ring. We develop the perturbative symmetry approach in symbolic representation. Applying it, we classify the homogeneous integrable equations of fourth and sixth order (in the space derivative) equations, as well as we have found three new tenth-order integrable equations. To prove the integrability we provide the corresponding bi-Hamiltonian structures and recursion operators.     

The master T-operator for vertex models with trigonometric R-matrices as a classical τ-function

We apply the recently proposed construction of the master T-operator to integrable vertex models and the associated quantum spin chains with trigonometric R-matrices. The master T-operator is a generating function for commuting transfer matrices of integrable vertex models depending on infinitely many parameters. It also turns out to be the τ-function of an integrable hierarchy of classical soliton equations in the sense that it satisfies the same bilinear Hirota equations. We characterize the class of solutions of the Hirota equations that correspond to eigenvalues of the master T-operator and discuss its relation to the classical Ruijsenaars-Schneider system of particles.     

Relativistic Toda Chains and Schlesinger Transformations

We construct the auto-Schlesinger transformations for all equations in the known list of integrable relativistic Toda chains. Our construction is essentially based on the equations being Lagrangian and on a standard transition to their Hamiltonian form; in this case, the transition is described by the changes of variables that are invertible but not pointwise. We discuss two examples of another type that has similar properties; these are also integrable Lagrangian equations allowing the Schlesinger transformation.     

Twisted calculus

A twisted ring is a ring endowed with a family of endomorphisms satisfying certain relations. One may then consider the notions of twisted module and twisted differential module. We study them and show that, under some general hypothesis, the categories of twisted modules and integrable twisted differential modules are equivalent. As particular cases, one recovers classical results from the theory of finite difference equations or q-difference equations.     

Integrable discretization and numerical simulations of the generalized coupled integrable dispersionless equations

In this paper, we study the generalized coupled integrable dispersionless (GCID) equations and construct two integrable discrete analogues including a semi-discrete system and a full-discrete one. The results are based on the relations among the GCID equations, the sine-Gordon equation and the two-dimensional Toda lattice equation. We also present the N-soliton solutions to the semi-discrete and fully discrete systems in the form of Casorati determinant. In the continuous limit, we show that the fully discrete GCID equations converge to the semi-discrete GCID equations, then further to the continuous GCID equations. By using the integrable semi-discrete system, we design two numerical schemes to the GCID equations and carry out several numerical experiments with solitons and breather solutions.     

具有N-peakon的新可积模型与孤子方程的代数几何解

在孤立子理论中, 寻找新的可积系统是最基础而重要的内容之一. 而如何有效的求得一类孤子方程的精确解, 并研究该精确解的性质, 一直是一个基本而又富有挑战性的课题. 本文便是从这两个方面展开, 一方面构造了两个具有N-peakon 的新可积系统, 为目前并不丰富的具有尖孤子解的可积非线性家族提供了极为重要的可积动力模型; 另一方面, 基于超椭圆代数曲线理论, 本文对Lax 对的有限展开法进行了改进, 并将其拓广到求解相联系的孤子方程可积形变后的代数几何解, 给出了著名的KdV(Korteweg de Vries) 6 方程的解. 进一步, 通过研究与孤子方程族相应的亚纯函数、Baker-Akhiezer 函数和超椭圆曲线的渐近性质和代数几何特征, 本文摆脱了现有代数几何方法中使用Riemann 定理的限制, 构造了mKdV (modified Korteweg de Vries) 型方程和混合AKNS (Ablowitz Kaup Newell Segur)方程等孤子方程的代数几何解. 为构造高阶矩阵谱问题所对应的孤子方程族的代数几何解提供了有力的工具.     

A new result on impulsive differential equations involving non-absolutely convergent integrals

In this paper we obtain, as an application of a Darbo-type theorem, global solutions for differential equations with impulse effects, under the assumption that the function on the right-hand side is integrable in the Henstock sense. We thus generalize several previously given results in literature, for ordinary or impulsive equations.     

Dispersionless integrable equations as coisotropic deformations: Extensions and reductions

We discuss the interpretation of dispersionless integrable hierarchies as equations of coisotropic deformations for certain associative algebras and other algebraic structures. We show that with this approach, the dispersionless Hirota equations for the dKP hierarchy are just the associativity conditions in a certain parameterization. We consider several generalizations and demonstrate that B-type dispersionless integrable hierarchies, such as the dBKP and the dVN hierarchies, are coisotropic deformations of the Jordan triple systems. We show that stationary reductions of the dispersionless integrable equations are connected with dynamical systems on the plane that are completely integrable on a fixed energy level. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 151, No. 3, pp. 439–457, June, 2007.     

A Direct Proof of the Nekhoroshev Theorem for Nearly Integrable Symplectic Maps

We provide the direct proof of the Nekhoroshev theorem on the stability of nearly integrable analytic symplectic maps. Specifically, we prove the stability of the actions for a number of iterations which grows exponentially with an inverse power of the norm of the perturbation by conjugating the generating function of the map to suitable normal forms with exponentially small remainder.Communicated by Eduard Zehndersubmitted 16/06/03, accepted 31/03/04     

Higher Hirota Difference Equations and Their Reductions

Theoretical and Mathematical Physics - We previously proposed an approach for constructing integrable equations based on the dynamics in associative algebras given by commutator relations. In the...     

Reductions of the Dispersionless KP Hierarchy

We present a method for constructing the S-function based on a system of first-order differential equations and use it to analyze reductions of dispersionless integrable hierarchies.     

Entropy solution theory for fractional degenerate convection–diffusion equations

We study a class of degenerate convection-diffusion equations with a fractional non-linear diffusion term. This class is a new, but natural, generalization of local degenerate convection-diffusion equations, and include anomalous diffusion equations, fractional conservation laws, fractional porous medium equations, and new fractional degenerate equations as special cases. We define weak entropy solutions and prove well-posedness under weak regularity assumptions on the solutions, e.g. uniqueness is obtained in the class of bounded integrable solutions. Then we introduce a new monotone conservative numerical scheme and prove convergence toward the entropy solution in the class of bounded integrable BV functions. The well-posedness results are then extended to non-local terms based on general Lévy operators, connections to some fully non-linear HJB equations are established, and finally, some numerical experiments are included to give the reader an idea about the qualitative behavior of solutions of these new equations.     

Evans Function for Lax Operators with Algebraically Decaying Potentials

We study the instability of algebraic solitons for integrable nonlinear equations in one spatial dimension that include modified KdV, focusing NLS, derivative NLS, and massive Thirring equations. We develop the analysis of the Evans function that defines eigenvalues in the corresponding Lax operators with algebraically decaying potentials. The standard Evans function generically has singularities in the essential spectrum, which may include embedded eigenvalues with algebraically decaying eigenfunctions. We construct a renormalized Evans function and study bifurcations of embedded eigenvalues, when an algebraically decaying potential is perturbed by a generic potential with a faster decay at infinity. We show that the bifurcation problem for embedded eigenvalues can be reduced to cubic or quadratic equations, depending on whether the algebraic potential decays to zero or approaches a nonzero constant. Roots of the bifurcation equations define eigenvalues which correspond to nonlinear waves that are formed from unstable algebraic solitons. Our results provide precise information on the transformation of unstable algebraic solitons in the time-evolution problem associated with the integrable nonlinear equation. Algebraic solitons of the modified KdV equation are shown to transform to either travelling solitons or time-periodic breathers, depending on the sign of the perturbation. Algebraic solitons of the derivative NLS and massive Thirring equations are shown to transform to travelling and rotating solitons for either sign of the perturbation. Finally, algebraic homoclinic orbits of the focusing NLS equation are destroyed by the perturbation and evolve into time-periodic space-decaying solutions.     

A hierarchy of Liouville integrable lattice equations and its integrable coupling systems

A new discrete two-by-two matrix spectral problem with two potentials is introduced, followed by a hierarchy of integrable lattice equations obtained through discrete zero curvature equations. It is shown that the Hamiltonian structures of the resulting integrable lattice equations are established by virtue of the trace identity. Furthermore, based on a discrete four-by-four matrix spectral problem, the discrete integrable coupling systems of the resulting hierarchy are obtained. Then, with the variational identity, the Hamiltonian structures of the obtained integrable coupling systems are established. Finally, the resulting Hamiltonian systems are proved to be all Liouville integrable.     

Model equation of the theory of solitons

We consider the hierarchy of integrable (1+2)-dimensional equations related to the Lie algebra of vector fields on the line. We construct solutions in quadratures that contain n arbitrary functions of a single argument. A simple equation for the generating function of the hierarchy, which determines the dynamics in negative times and finds applications to second-order spectral problems, is of main interest. Considering its polynomial solutions under the condition that the corresponding potential is regular allows developing a rather general theory of integrable (1+1)-dimensional equations. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 153, No. 1, pp. 29–45, October, 2007.     

A Unified Approach to Computation of Integrable Structures

We expose a unified computational approach to integrable structures (including recursion, Hamiltonian, and symplectic operators) based on geometrical theory of partial differential equations.     

Darboux transformations and recursion operators for differential-difference equations

We review two concepts directly related to the Lax representations of integrable systems: Darboux transformations and recursion operators. We present an extensive list of integrable differential-difference equations with their Hamiltonian structures, recursion operators, nontrivial generalized symmetries, and Darboux-Lax representations. The new results include multi-Hamiltonian structures and recursion operators for integrable Volterra-type equations and integrable discretizations of derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equations such as the Kaup-Newell, Chen-Lee-Liu, and Ablowitz-Ramani-Segur (Gerdjikov-Ivanov) lattices. We also compute the weakly nonlocal inverse recursion operators.     

Integrable Chains and Hierarchies of Differential Evolution Equations

A class of integrable differential–difference systems is constructed based on auxiliary linear equations defined on sequences of Zakharov–Shabat formal dressing operators. We show that the auxiliary equations are compatible with the evolution equations for the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy. The investigation results are used to elaborate a modified version of Krichever rational reductions for KP hierarchies.     

Concentration inequalities for stochastic differential equations of pure non-Poissonian jumps

We provide concentration inequalities for solutions to stochastic differential equations of pure not-necessarily Poissonian jumps. Our proofs are based on transportation cost inequalities for square integrable functionals of point processes with stochastic intensity and elements of stochastic calculus with respect to semi-martingales. We apply the general results to solutions of stochastic differential equations driven by renewal and non-linear Hawkes point processes.     

Decomposition of a hierarchy of nonlinear evolution equations

The generalized Hamiltonian structures for a hierarchy of nonlinear evolution equations are established with the aid of the trace identity. Using the nonlinearization approach, the hierarchy of nonlinear evolution equations is decomposed into a class of new finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems. The generating function of integrals and their generator are presented, based on which the finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems are proved to be completely integrable in the Liouville sense. As an application, solutions for the hierarchy of nonlinear evolution equations are reduced to solving the compatible Hamiltonian systems of ordinary differential equations.