利用双给体实现可见光范围高探测率 有机光电探测器

采用P3HT∶PBDT-TT-C∶PC_(61)BM为活性层,通过溶液旋涂和高真空蒸镀工艺制备了覆盖可见光范围的高探测率有机光电探测器.利用原子力显微镜、紫外可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱研究了窄带隙聚合物红光吸收材料PBDT-TT-C掺入P3HT∶PC_(61)BM对活性层薄膜光学特性和器件电学特性的影响.研究发现当活性层中P3HT∶PBDT-TT-C∶PC_(61)BM质量比为8∶2∶10时,活性层的响应光谱范围拓宽到350～780 nm.其探测器在-1 V偏压下红绿蓝三基色的光响应度和外量子效率分别达到了422 mA/W、464 mA/W、286 mA/W和83%、108%、77%,比探测率均达到10~(12)Jones以上.结果表明,在有机光电探测器活性层中掺入吸收光谱互补的有机材料,在保证薄膜微观形貌的基础上,通过调节三元混合材料的质量比,不仅可以优化载流子的产生和输运,提高器件的光电流,还可通过第三组分的掺入促进薄膜结晶,减小器件的暗电流.     

基于P3HT∶PC61BM∶ITIC双受体三元有机光电探测器特性研究

为实现有机光电探测器对三基色(红、绿、蓝)的全响应以及器件性能的改善,研究了在P3HT∶PCBM活性层中,掺入非富勒烯受体ITIC实现光谱拓宽以及通过改善迁移率的平衡性和活性层表面形态,进而改善探测器性能的方法,着重研究了ITIC受体含量对探测器光电学性能的影响。在此基础上,获得了一个覆盖400～800 nm波长范围的三基色探测器,并且在低偏压-1.5 V下三基色(波长为630、530和460 nm)的外量子效率EQE和比探测率D*分别达到了56%、68%、52%和1.17×10¹² Jones、1.4×10¹² Jones、1.2×10¹² Jones。结果表明：在P3HT:PC61BM中混入适量的ITIC,不仅可将光谱拓宽到400～800 nm,改善器件的光学特性,而且还可以提高激子解离率和载流子收集率,降低混合薄膜中的双分子复合,使器件电学特性得到了明显改善。本文研究为研发宽光谱高探测率三基色有机光电探测器提供了一种新思路。     

高性能宽带倍增型四元有机光电探测器

采用溶液法制备了结构为ITO/PEDOT∶PSS/活性层/Al的四元倍增型有机光电探测器,器件本体异质结活性层由P3HT∶PTB7-Th∶IEICO∶PC_(71)BM以90∶10∶0.5∶0.5的质量比共混组成。随着偏压增加,器件外量子效率(External quantum efficiency, EQE)远超100%,并展现300～850 nm的宽光谱响应。在330 nm与780 nm处,器件可获得的最高EQEs和响应度分别为773000%和2 057 A·W~(-1)以及311000%和1 956 A·W~(-1),为有机光电探测器在紫外和近红外光区可获得的最高EQE和响应度之一。-25 V偏压下,与结构为ITO/PEDOT∶PSS/P3HT∶PTB7-Th∶IEICO(90∶10∶1)/Al的三元器件相比,四元器件的平均EQE(388167%)、响应度(1 604 A·W~(-1))以及探测灵敏度(3.6×10~(13) Jones)分别提高了0.5倍、0.5倍和0.4倍,有效提升了器件对弱光的探测能力。上述结果提供了一种制备多元宽带倍增型有机光电探测器的有效策略,用以提高器件弱光探测能力,特别是提升了器件对紫外和近红外光的响应与探测能力。     

宽光谱高比探测率有机光电探测器

为实现有机光电探测器对三基色(红、绿、蓝)的全响应以及器件性能的改善,研究了在聚(3-己基噻吩)(P3HT)∶[6,6]-苯基-C61-丁酸甲酯(PC61BM)活性层中,掺入窄带隙材料(4,8-双-(2-乙基己氧基)-苯并[1,2-b:4,5-b′]二噻吩)-(4-氟代噻并[3,4-b]噻吩)(PBDT-TT-F)实现光谱拓宽以及通过提高阳极修饰层电子注入势垒来降低暗电流,改善探测器性能的方法,研究了PBDT-TT-F掺杂浓度以及修饰层厚度对探测器光电学性能的影响规律.在此基础上,获得了一个覆盖400~750nm波长范围的探测器,并且在低偏压-1V下三基色的线性动态范围和比探测率分别达到了81、80、81dB和2.7×1012、2.0×1012、2.6×1012 Jones.结果表明:在保持原有二相体异质结薄膜的微观形貌和电学特性前提下,掺入13wt.%少量光谱拓宽材料可实现活性层的光谱拓宽.采用合适厚度的三氧化钼(MoO3)层替换原有的聚乙撑二氧噻吩-聚(苯乙烯磺酸盐)(PEDOT∶PSS)阳极修饰层,可使探测器的三基色线性动态范围和比探测率大幅提高.该研究为研发宽光谱高探测率三基色有机光电探测器提供了一种新思路.     

窄带有机光电探测器的优化设计

针对基于无机材料的光电探测器需要借助滤光器或棱镜耦合实现窄带响应,提出了一种通过有机材料制备窄带光电探测器并提高吸收峰值和降低半高全宽的方法和结构。该器件由分布布拉格反射器和有机光电二极管构成。有机光电二极管的顶电极和底电极之间构成光学微腔。采用传输矩阵法,详细分析了分布布拉格反射器的中心波长、有机光电二极管透明顶电极和光敏感层的厚度对有机光电探测器吸收性能的影响。研究结果表明,Tamm等离激元共振波长接近光敏感层的光学带隙时,可获得半高全宽小于20 nm的窄带响应,并且吸收峰值在70%以上。基于PTB7∶PC~(71)BM和PTB7-Th∶IEICO-4F的有机光电探测器分别可用于探测红光和近红外光。该研究从基本物理机制出发,结合材料和器件结构可将有机光电探测器的响应窗口从可见光拓展至近红外光。     

Realizing photomultiplication-type organic photodetectors based on C_(60)-doped bulk heterojunction structure at low bias

Photomultiplication(PM) structure has been widely employed to improve the optoelectronic performance of organic photodetectors(OPDs). However, most PM-type OPDs require a high negative operating voltage or complex fabrication. For obtaining high-efficiency OPDs with low voltage and easy process, here the bulk heterojunction(BHJ) structure of high exciton dissociation efficiency combined with the method of trap-assisted PM are applied to the OPDs.In this paper, we investigate the operating mechanism of OPDs based on poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3 HT):(phenyl-C61-butyric-acid-methyl-ester)(PC61 BM), and poly-{[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b]dithiophene-2,6-diyl]-alt-[3-fluore-2-(octyloxy)carbonyl-thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-4,6-diyl]}(PBDT-TT-F):PC_(61)BM doped with C_(60) as active layer.Furthermore, the influence of C_(60) concentration on the optoelectronic performances is also discussed. With 1.6 wt.% C_(60)added, the P3 HT:PC_(61)BM:C_(60) OPD exhibits a 327.5% external quantum efficiency, a 1.21 A·W~(-1) responsivity, and a4.22 x 1012 Jones normalized detectivity at-1 V under 460 nm(0.21 mW·cm~(-2)) illumination. The experimental results show that the effective electron traps can be formed by doping a small weight of C_(60) into BHJ active layer. Thus the PM-type OPDs can be realized, which benefits from the cathode hole tunneling injection assisted by the trapped electrons in C_(60) near the A1 side. The efficiency of PM is related to the C_(60) concentration. The present study provides theoretical basis and method for the design of highly sensitive OPDs with low operating voltage and facile fabrication.     

光损伤肖特基钙钛矿探测器的光电特性分析

为了研究飞秒激光对光电探测器光学性能的影响,本文对飞秒脉冲激光辐照CsPbBr₃背靠背肖特基光电探测器的损伤特性,以及不同激光功率密度下的光电性能进行了研究。利用化学气相沉积法在ITO叉指电极上沉积CsPbBr₃微米晶薄膜,制备了背靠背肖特基型全无机钙钛矿光电探测器。利用脉冲宽度为35 fs的钛宝石飞秒激光器辐照CsPbBr₃光电探测器,通过显微镜观察不同激光功率密度下CsPbBr₃多晶薄膜的损伤形貌,并研究了不同功率密度损伤下肖特基结构的钙钛矿光电探测器的光电性能变化。结果表明：自制的全无机金属卤化物肖特基光电探测器具有较高的损伤阈值,达到了2.1 W/cm²,并且在样品轻度损伤的情况下,样品的光电特性出现了一定程度的提升,光谱响应度出现了50 nm的展宽,并且在部分薄膜受热脱落后,器件仍然保持一定的光电探测性能。     

具有光电倍增的宽光谱三相体异质结有机彩色探测器

实验研究了P3HT：PBDT-TT-F：PCBM三相体异质结活性层光谱拓宽及其材料混合度对探测器光电特性的影响以及陷阱辅助光电倍增的机理.在此基础上,获得了一个覆盖350–750 nm波长范围的彩色探测器.该探测器在-1 V低偏压下红绿蓝三基色的光响应度和外量子效率分别达到了470,381,450 mA/W和93%,89%,121%,比探测率均接近10¹² Jones,且各基色的特性参数最大平均相对偏差均小于20%,同时频率带宽分别达到了5,8,8 kHz.结果表明：在保持二相体异质结薄膜原有微观形貌下,掺入少量光谱拓宽材料可实现活性层吸收光谱的拓宽.利用能级陷阱中电子的辅助作用引入外电路空穴注入,可实现探测器光电倍增.通过调节三相材料的混合度可实现基色间探测能力的均衡性.     

添加剂对基于PBDTC_(10)DBT∶PC_(61)BM光伏器件性能的影响

制备ITO/PEDOT∶PSS/PBDTC10BDT∶PC61BM/LiF/Al聚合物薄膜,研究了添加剂OT,DBrO对光敏层PBDTC10DBT∶PC61BM的影响,结果表明,加入微量的添加剂对光活化层的光吸收以及形貌起到积极的作用,添加剂的加入使得光活化层的分子排列更加有序,使各组分能够更好的吸收太阳光,同时光活化层的粗糙度减小,各组分之间的分布更加均匀,OT,DBrO的最佳添加量分别为2.5%和3%。当OT添加量为2.5%时,器件有最高光电转换效率1.93%。研究结果将为微相调节方法提高光伏器件性能提供理论依据和技术支持。     

GaN基MIS紫外探测器的电学及光电特性

制备了GaN基金属-绝缘层-半导体(MIS)结构紫外探测器,并测量了其暗电流和光谱响应。通过分析其暗电流,发现在反偏情况下,其主要电流输运机制为隧穿复合机制;在正偏情况下,随着偏压的增大,电流输运机制从隧穿机制变为空间电荷限制电流机制。光谱响应测试结果显示,该探测器在-5 V的偏压下,在315 nm处获得了最大响应度170 mA/W,探测度为2.3×10¹² cm·Hz^1/2·W^-1。此外,还研究了不同厚度I层对器件光电压的影响,结果表明,光电压受隧穿机制与漏电流机制的共同制约。     

Extending the response spectrum of organic photodetectors by quaternary active layer method with complementary absorption spectra

In this work, we report a new method for extending the response spectra of organic photodetectors (OPDs) by incorporating PBDT-TT-C and PBDT-TT-F in the P3HT:PC₆₁BM. The effects of PBDT-TT-C and PBDT-TT-F incorporation on the optical and electrical properties of OPDs were investigated, It was found that when the mass ratio of P3HT:PBDT-TT-F:PBDT-TT-C:PC₆₁BM was 12:2:2:8, the response spectrum of the active layer was extended to 780 nm. The responsivity (R) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the OPDs reached 340, 376, 315 mA/W and 67%, 88%, 85% under 630, 530, and 460 nm illumination and −1 V bias, respectively, and the detectivity (D*) reached 10¹² Jones. The results show that the inclusion of an appropriate amount of donor material with similar chemical structure and complementary absorption spectrum can reduce the influence of the doping material on the micro-morphology of the original film while improving the absorption of the spectrum. The interaction between the donor materials promotes the generation of photogenerated carriers and increases the photocurrent of the OPDs. In addition, the incorporation of the different component promotes crystallization of the film, resulting in a reduction in dark current of the OPDs.     

三元P3HT:PTB7-Th:PCBM聚合物太阳能电池性能的研究

将窄带隙聚合物PTB7-Th作为第三种物质掺入到P3HT:PCBM中制备了双给体结构的三元聚合物太阳能电池, 并且通过改变PTB7-Th的浓度来研究PTB7-Th对器件性能的影响. 研究发现, 掺入PTB7-Th后, 聚合物太阳能电池的短路电流和填充因子同时获得了提高, 使器件的光电转换效率得到了改善. 进一步分析表明, PTB7-Th的加入能够拓宽活性层的吸收光谱, 增加活性层吸收的光子数目, 有利于短路电流的提升. PTB7-Th与P3HT之间以电荷转移的形式相互作用, 这种作用方式有利于激子的解离, 从而使器件的填充因子得到了提高.     

不同受体对PTB7聚合物太阳能电池的性能影响的研究

使用两种或者更多种类的富勒烯衍生物作为受体可以使poly(3-己基噻吩)(P3TH)系的混合异质结太阳能电池效率明显提升。这样的提升源于当受体使用富勒烯多重加合物的最低未占轨道(LUMO)提升而使其开路电压升高。虽然其他聚合物也同样能获得高的开路电压,但是大多数的聚合物却不像P3TH一样获得性能提升,在与像苯基-C61-丁酸甲酯 (bis-PCBM)或者the indene-C60 bis-adduct (ICBA)混合后表现出下降的光电流。在此,我们研究这些性能改变的原因。使用[6,6]-苯基C₇₀-丁酸甲酯(PC₇₀BM), ICBA和bis-PC₇₀BM作为受体并且PTB7作为给体,其结构为：ITO/PEDOT：PSS/活性层/LiF/Al,聚合物太阳能电池的表现的性能分别为7.29%, 4.92% 和3.33%。性能的改变可能主要归因于不同受体影响器件激子产生和电荷收集。     

基于金颗粒自组装烷基硫醇为缓冲层的有机太阳能电池

有机活性层和无机电极的界面修饰影响到有机太阳能电池性能。本文引入金纳米颗粒自组装烷基硫醇,改善有机/无机的界面。制备“ITO/金颗粒-硫醇自组装缓冲层/聚3-己基噻吩(P3HT)∶[6,6]-苯基-C61-丁酸甲酯(PCBM)/LiF/Al电极”结构的器件。自组装硫醇防止了因金颗粒与活性层直接接触导致的激子猝灭效应。我们研究了金纳米颗粒自组装不同链长的烷基硫醇对器件性能的影响,烷基硫醇的烷基链越长,硫醇对金颗粒的覆盖性越好,器件的短路电流越高。金纳米颗粒自组装十二烷基硫醇,短路电流J_SC由5.19 mA·cm-2提升到6.24 mA·cm-2,提高了20%。     

Improved efficiency of ternary the blend polymer solar cells by doping a narrow band gap polymer material

A series of P3HT:PC71BM polymer solar cells(PSCs)with different PIDTDTQx doping concentrations were fabricated to investigate the effect of the PIDTDTQx as a complementary electron donor on the performance of PSCs.The power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the optimized ternary blend PSCs(with 2 wt%PIDTDTQx)reached 3.87%,which is 28%higher than that of the PSCs based on P3HT:PC71BM(control cells).The short-circuit current density(Jsc)was increased to 10.20 m A/cm2compared with the control cells.The PCE improvement could be attributed to more photon harvest and charge carrier transport by appropriate doping PIDTDTQx.The energy transfer from P3HT to PIDTDTQx was demonstrated from the 650 nm emission intensity decrease and the red-shifted emission peaks from 725 nm to 737 nm along with the increase of PIDTDTQx doping concentrations.     

基于PTB7,Bis-PC_(70)BM,PC_(70)BM的高效率有机三元太阳能电池

我们将Bis-PC_(70)BM作为第二种电子受体混入基于PTB7:PC_(70)BM的聚合物太阳能电池中,制备了三元混合聚合物太阳能电池.相比于PC_(70)BM,Bis-PC_(70)BM的最低未占分子轨道(lowest unoccupied molecular orbital,LUMO)能级更高,所以掺入Bis-PC_(70)BM后器件的开路电压(V_(oc))得到了提升.Bis-PC_(70)BM在PTB7和PC_(70)BM之间起到桥梁的作用,因此在给体/受体界面创造了更多的电荷传递通道.而且从原子力显微镜中得到的结果来看,当混入质量比为3%的Bis-PC_(70)BM后薄膜的表面形貌更为平整,平均粗糙度从原来的1.87 nm降到了1.80 nm.能量转换效率(power conversion efficiency,PCE)达到7.00%,其中器件的V_(OC)为0.77 V,短路电流(J_(SC))为13.92 mA·cm~(-2),比PTB7:PC_(70)BM的器件效率6.07%提高了15%.     

Influence of morphology of PCDTBT:PC71BM on the performance of solar cells

Because of the restriction of low energy difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital of P3HT and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of PCBM, the obtained power conversion efficiency of P3HT:PCBM solar cells is merely half the ideal value. In this paper, we have fabricated bulk heterojunction solar cells based on PCDTBT and PC71BM (structure: ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PCDTBT:PC71BM/LiF (0.8 nm)/Al (80 nm)). In order to optimize the performance of the cells, the weight ratio of PCDTBT to PC71BM, the thickness of the active layer and thermal annealing are investigated. When the weight ratio of PCDTBT to PC71BM is 1:2 and the thickness of the active layer is 73 nm, a short circuit current density of 10.36 mA/cm², an open-circuit voltage of 0.91 V, a fill factor of 55.06 % and a power conversion efficiency of 5.19 % can be achieved. Moreover, we probe the influence of annealing temperature on the performance of organic solar cells, and find that the thermal treatment methodology (apart from the removal of trapped casting solvent) is of limited benefit.     

Study on effect of substituents grafted on cyclopenta-fused anthracences as the cascade material for improving ternary bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells

Searching alternatives to enhance the attainable conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics is one of the most crucial issues toward renewable energy source. Here, the model ternary organic solar cells systems were designed to improve the performance of P3HT/PC₆₁BM organic solar cells which promise a potential to large area and flexible fabrication, based on a group of cyclopent[hi]aceanthrylenes (CPAs) derivatives as the third cascade component in active layer of the device. In all of these solar cells, although all ternary structures containing a group of cyclopent[hi]aceanthrylene derivatives demonstrate the improvement of open-circuit voltage (V_OC) compared to binary device of P3HT/PC₆₁BM, the conversion efficiencies of these devices can not all be improved. This indicates the different influence on observable device metrics attributed by the different substituents around cyclopent[hi]aceanthrylene core. By extension, these results suggest that the ternary system used a simple one single active layer processing step can provide a potentially effective way to optimize the performance in BHJ solar cells.     

Dual plasmonic‐enhanced bulk‐heterojunction solar cell incorporating gold nanoparticles into solution‐processed anode buffer layer and active layer

A dual plasmonic resonance effect on the performance of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT):phenyl C61‐butyricacid methyl ester (PC61BM) based polymer solar cells (PSCs) has been demonstrated by selectively incorporating 25 nm colloidal gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) in a solution‐processed molybdenum oxide (MoO₃) anode buffer layer and 5 nm colloidal Au NPs in the active P3HT:PCBM layer. The devices exhibit up to ～20% improvement in power conversion efficiency which is attributed to the dual effect of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Au NPs with enhanced light absorption and exciton generation. Our report shows a guideline on the usage of dual LSPR effect for the solution‐processed polymer solar cells to achieve high efficiencies. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Solution-processed polymer photodetectors with trap-assisted photomultiplication

Here, we report a trap-assisted photomultiplication(PM) phenomenon in solution-processed organic photodetectors(OPDs) using poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT): indene-C60 bisadduct(ICBA) as the active layer. The maximum external quantum efficiency(EQE) is 685% for the device with 2% ICBA doping ratio, which is much higher than that of OPDs with P3HT:ICBA(1:1) as the active layer. The PM phenomenon is attributed to the hole tunneling injection assisted by trapped electron in ICBA near Al cathode, which can be demonstrated from the EQE spectra and transient photocurrent curves of OPDs with different ICBA doping ratios.