Development of the Model of the Generalized Quintom Dark Energy

We consider a generalized quintom （GQ） dark energy model for changing the equal weight of the negative-kinetic scalar field （phantom） and the normal scalar field （quintessence） in quintom dark energy. Though the phantomdominated scaling solution is a stable late-time attractor, the early evolution of GQ is different from that of the quintom model and the adjustability of the dark energy state equation in the model is improved.     

Analysis of the Interaction between Low-Frequency Waves and Ions in the High-Altitude Cusp Region Observed by Satellite Cluster

The energy transfer between ions （protons） and low frequency waves （LFWs） in the frequency range f1 from 0.3 to 10 Hz is observed by Cluster crossing the high-altitude polar cusp. The energy transfer between low frequency waves and ions has two means. One is that the energy is transferred from low frequency waves to ions and ions energy increases, The other is that the energy is transferred from ions to low frequency waves and the ion energy decreases. lon gyratory motion plays an important role in the energy transfer processes. The electromagnetic field of f1 LFWs can accelerate or decelerate protons along the direction of ambient magnetic field and warm or refrigerate protons in the parallel and perpendicular directions of ambient magnetic field, The peak values of proton number densities have the corresponding peak values of electromagnetic energy of low-frequency waves. This implies that the kinetic Alfven waves and solitary kinetic Alfven waves possibly exist in the high-altitude cusp region.     

Statefinder Diagnostic for Born--Infeld Type Dark Energy Model

Using a new method cafled the statefinder diagnostics which can make one dark energy model differ from the others, we investigate the dynamics of Born-Infeld （B-I） type dark energy model. The evolution trajectory of B-I type dark energy with Mexican hat potential model with respect to e-folding time N is shown in the r（s） diagram. When the parameter of noncanonical kinetic energy term η→0 or kinetic energy φ^2 →0, the B-I type dark energy （K-essence） model reduces to the quintessence model or the ACDM model corresponding to the statefinder pair （r, s） = {1, 0} respectively. As a result, the evolution trajectory of our model in the r（s） diagram in Mexican hat potential is quite different from those of other dark energy models. The current values of parameters Ωφ and wφ in this model meet the latest observations WMAP5 well.     

Intermediate Mass Dileptons from the Passage of Jets and High Energy Photons through Quark-Gluon Plasma

The production of the intermediate mass dileptons originating from the annihilation and Compton scattering of the jets and high energy photons （resolved photons） passing through the quark-gluon plasma is calculated. The contribution of the dilepton yield due to the jet-plasma and high energy photon-plasma interaction is pronounced compared to the thermal and Drell-Yan dilepton spectrum at intermediate mass. The ordinary spectrum of thermal and Drell-Yan processes is enhanced by the jet and photon-plasma mechanism. The numerical results match to the PHENIX data accurately in the intermediate mass region for Au-Au 200 GeV/A collisions at RHIC.     

Comparison of Supernovae Datasets Constraints on Dark Energy

Cosmological measurements suggest that our universe contains a dark energy component. In order to study the dark energy evolution, we constrain a parameterized dark energy equation of state ω（z） = ω0 ＋ ω1 1＋z/z using the recent observational datasets： 157 Gold type Ia supernovae and the newly released 182 Gold type Ia supernovae by the maximum likelihood method. It is found that the best fit ω（z） crosses -1 in the past and the present best fit value of ω（0） 〈 -1 obtained from 157 Gold-type Ia supernovae. The crossing of-1 is not realized and ω0 = -1 is not ruled out in 1σ confidence level for the 182 Gold-type Ia supernovae. It is also found that the range of parameter ω0 is wide even in 1σ confidence level and the best fit ω（z） is sensitive to the prior of Ωm.     

Using Energy Conditions to Distinguish Brane Models and Study Brane Matter

Current universe （assumed here to be normal matter on the brahe） is pressureless from observations. In this case the energy condition is po ≥ 0 and po =O. By using this condition, brahe models can be distinguished. Then, assuming arbitrary component of matter in DGP model, we use four known energy conditions to study the matter on the brahe. If there is nonnormal matter or energy （for example dark energy with w 〈-1/3） on the brane, the universe is accelerated.     

Theoretical analysis of ion kinetic energies and DLC film deposition by CH4＋ Ar （He） dielectric barrier discharge plasmas

The kinetic energy of ions in dielectric barrier discharge plasmas are analysed theoretically using the model of binary collisions between ions and gas molecules. Langevin equation for ions in other gases, Blanc law for ions in mixed gases, and the two-temperature model for ions at higher reduced field are used to determine the ion mobility. The kinetic energies of ions in CH4 ＋ Ar（He） dielectric barrier discharge plasma at a fixed total gas pressure and various Ar （He） concentrations are calculated. It is found that with increasing Ar （He） concentration in CH4 ＋ Ar （He） from 20% to 83%, the CH4＋ kinetic energy increases from 69.6 （43.9） to 92.1 （128.5）eV, while the Ar＋ （He＋） kinetic energy decreases from 97 （145.2） to 78.8 （75.5）eV. The increase of CH4＋ kinetic energy is responsible for the increase of hardness of diamond-like carbon films deposited by CH4 ＋ Ar （He） dielectric barrier discharge without bias voltage over substrates.     

Energy calibration of tagged photons by the d（γ,π~-pp） reaction

The energy of tagged photons, which were provided from the internal photon tagging system of the Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Tohoku University, has been calibrated using the d（γ,π-pp） reaction. Charged pions and protons in the final state were detected with the Neutral Kaon Spectrometer （NKS2）. Photon energies were obtained from the reaction of d（γ,π-pp）. The derived photon energy was consistent with the design of the tagger system and the previous measurement using electron-positron pair production. The consistency demonstrates the performance of NKS2 and the capability of the photon energy calibration using d（γ,π-pp）.     

Modelling of Hot-Electron Energy in Short-Channel MOSFETs by Electrical Method

Channel hot-electron （HE） energy in short-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors （MOS-FETs） is estimated based on electrical characterization. The HE assisted gate leakage is monitored, and its energy dependent tunnelling probability is calculated, from which the excess energy of HE is estimated. The credibility of the proposed method is supported by the experimental and theoretical results, and its accuracy in ultra-small-feature-size device application is also discussed.     

Dynamical Evolution of Modified Chaplygin Gas

Based our previous work [Mod. Phys. Lett. A 22 （2007） 783, Gen. Relat. Gray. 39 （2007） 653], some properties of modified Chaplygin gas （MCG） as a dark energy model continue to be studied mainly in two aspects： one is the change rates of the energy density and energy transfer, and the other is the evolution of the growth index. It is pointed that the density of dark energy undergoes the change from decrease to increase no matter whether the interaction between dark energy and dark matter exists or not, but the corresponding transformation points are different from each other.Eurthermore, it is stressed that the MCG model even supports the existence of interaction between dark energy and dark matter, and the energy of transfer flows from dark energy to dark matter. The evolution of the interaction term with an ansatz 3Hc^2ρ is discussed with the MCG model. Moreover, the evolution of the growth index f in the MCG model without interaction is illustrated, from which we find that the evolutionary trajectory of f overlaps with that of the ACDM model when a 〉 0.7 and its theoretical value f ≈ 0.566 given by us at z = 0.15 is consistent with the observations.     

Recent results from LEPS

Photoproduction of baryons with strangeness,such as the Σ（1385）,Λ（1520） and possibly the Θ ＋,are described from measurements at the LEPS/SPring-8 facility in Japan.Linearly polarized photons in the energy range of 1.5–2.4 GeV,along with the forward-angle kinematics at LEPS,provide unique data to learn about these baryons,which are non-perturbative solutions of QCD.     

Recent result from the A2 real photon facility at MAMI

The upgraded MAMI C accelerator is delivering electrons with an energy of 1558 MeV routinely. The A2 collaboration is doing experiments with energy marked polarised real photons produced via ＂Bremsstrahlung＂. Recent results from the GDH-experiment using a longitudinal polarised frozen spin target in combination with the DAPHNE detector and from the Crystal Ball experiment at MAMI are presented.     

A New Exponential Gravity

We propose a new exponential f（R） gravity model with f（R） = （R - λc） e^λ（c/R）n and n 〉 3, λ ≥ 1, c 〉 0 to explain late-time acceleration of the universe. At the high curvature region, the model behaves like the A CDM model. In the asymptotic future, it reaches a stable de-Sitter spaeetime. It is a cosmologically viable model and can evade the local gravity constraints easily. This model shares many features with other f（R） dark energy models like Hu-Sawicki model and ExponentiM gravity model. In it the dark energy equation of state is of an oscillating form and can cross phantom divide line ωde = -1. In particular, in the parameter range 3 〈 n ≤ 4, λ ～ 1, the model is most distinguishable from other models. For instance, when n = 4, λ = 1, the dark energy equation of state will cross -1 in the earlier future and has a stronger oscillating form than the other models, the dark energy density in asymptotical future is smaller than the one in the high curvature region. This new model can evade the local gravity tests easily when n 〉 3 and λ 〉 1.     

Investigating Transmission Efficiency of Light Guide by Monte Carlo Simulation

A large area neutron detector to detect the energy of about 1 GeV neutron by time-of flight method will be installed at RIBLL II of CSR. To obtain good energy resolution, the time resolution of the detector is a crucial parameter. For this purpose, the transmission efficiency of the light guide to transport the photons from detec-tor unit to light sensitive detector has been investigated by Monte-Carlo simulation. Here, the simulations were done mainly with two types of the light guides, namely type A and type B as shown in Figs.1 and 2 respectively.     

Leptonic Origin of TeV Gamma-Ray Emission from Crab Nebula

We study the nonthermal emission of the Crab nebula in the bands from radio to TeV γ-ray on a simplified timedependent injection model. In this model, relativistic electrons in the Crab nebula consists of two components and their injected spectrum is a broken power law with different indices and a break energy. The relativistic electrons emit nonthermal photons through synchrotron and inverse Compton scattering off soft photon fields inside the nebula. The resulting spectrum calculated with the model is well consistent with the observed data ranging from radio to very high energy γ-rays for the Crab nebula, where the emission from radio to medium γ-rays is from electron＇s synchrotron emission, whereas the emission above ～ 100 MeV primarily comes from the inverse Compton scattering of the relativistic electrons on synchrotron photons.     

Optical, Energetic and Exergetic Analyses of Parabolic Trough Collectors

Parabolic trough collectors generate thermal energy from solar energy. Especially, they are very convenient for applications in high temperature solar power systems. To determine the design parameters, parabolic trough collectors must be analysed with optical analysis. In addition, thermodynamics （energy and exergy） analysis in the development of an energy efficient system must be achieved. Solar radiation passes through Earth＇s atmosphere until it reaches on Earth＇s surface and is focused from the parabolic trough collector to the tube receiver with a transparent insulated envelope. A11 of them constitute a complex mechanism. We investigate the geometry of parabolic trough reflector and characteristics of solar radiation to the reflecting surface through Earth＇s atmosphere, and calculate the collecting totM energy in the receiver. The parabolic trough collector, of which design parameters are given, is analysed in regard to the energy and exergy analysis considering the meteorological specification in May, June, July and August in 1sparta/TUrkey, and the results are presented.     

Luminescence and Energy Transfer of Eu^2＋, Mn^2＋ in SrZnP2O7

The SrZnP2OT：Eu^2＋, Mn^2＋ phosphor is synthesized by high temperature solid state reaction. The luminescence properties and the energy transfer between Eu^2＋ and Mn^2＋ are investigated. The emission bands of this phosphor peaked at 42Ohm and 67Ohm are originated from the 5d → 4f transition of Eu^2＋ and from the 4T1 （4G） --〉 6A1 （6S） transit/on of Mn^2＋, respectively. With the increasing Mn^2＋ concentration, the intensity of fixed concentra- tion Eu^2＋ decreases and the intensity of Mn^2＋ also increases. It is suggested that there is an energy transfer from Eu^2＋ to Mn^2＋ in SrZnP2O7 host. According to Dexter＇s energy transfer formula of multipolar interaction, the energy transfer between Eu^2＋ and Mn^2＋ is due to the electric dipole-quadrupole interaction of the resonance transfer.     

Jet-photon conversion with energy loss in heavy ion collisions

The rate of high energy photons produced from energetic jets during their propagation through the QGP at RHIC and LHC is studied by taking into account the contribution of jet quenching in the medium. It is shown that the jet quenching effect reduces the rate of jet-photon conversion at large transverse momemtum by about 40% at RHIC with √8= 200 AGeV, and by about 80% at LHC with √8 = 5500 AGeV.     

X Y Z particles at BABAR

This paper intends to shortly summarize the recent results on Spectroscopy, published from the BABAR Collaboration. The BABAR experiment is a B-factory, at SLAC, where asymmetric energy beams of electron-positron are accelerated and collide at the energy in the center of mass of T（4S）. In 9 years of data taking, BABAR had collected 433 fb^-1 equivalent luminosity on-peak-data at the T（4S） energy, 30 fb^-1 data at the T（3S） energy, 15 fb^-1 data at the T（2S） energy, and a scan around T（4S） was done, collecting 25 pb^-1 every 5 MeV. Thanks to the high luminosity achieved, it is possible to perform high precision measurements, and spectroscopy studies. An update on the measurement of the state X（3872） will be given, as final result published by using the whole dataset available. Then, a new preliminary Y（4260） measurement is reported, and the study of the invariant mass J/ψπ^＋π^- in ISR events is shown, where no evidence of the state Y（4050） is highlighted. As conclusion, the results on the angular distribution analysis performed on the state Z（4430） are reported.     

$\phi$-Meson Photoproduction off the protons by using linearly polarized photons in the mid- to higher-$t$ regimes at threshold energies

Observables from vector meson photoproduction by linearly-polarized photons can be expressed in term of bilinear combinations of helicity amplitudes parameterized by the Spin Density Matrix Elements （SDMEs）. These SDMEs give straightforward relations for understanding the nature of the parity exchange at threshold energies, as well as for extracting signatures of the Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka violation. This paper will show preliminary measurements of SDMEs for γp →φp in the photon energy range of 1.7 to 1.9 GeV （momentum transfer squared t range of -1.2 to -0.25 GeV2） and 1.9 to 2.1 CeV （t range of -1.4 to -0.25 GeV2） from the g8b experimental data collected in the summer of 2005 in the Hall B of Jefferson Lab.