周期性加隔板有限长圆柱壳声散射

研究内部真空周期性加隔板圆柱壳在水中的声散射特性.壳体振动用薄壳理论的Donnell方程描述,隔板振动用相互独立的薄板纯弯曲振动和平面应力状态下的振动方程描述.考虑轴向、切向、径向三个方向的力和弯矩共同作用导出了散射声场的解析表达式.数值计算给出远场收发合置情况下的角度-频率谱图,并据此进行机理分析.通过与内部周期性加环肋圆柱壳声散射的角度-频率谱图比较发现,除周期加肋产生的Bragg散射波与弯曲Bloch-Floquet波外,加隔板的情况还存在明显的隔板共振亮线,并且发生隔板共振与壳体弹性波、Bragg散射波、弯曲Bloch-Floquet波耦合的现象.通过实验对理论进行了验证,在实验的频率范围内,Bragg散射亮线与理论符合得很好,部分Bloch-Floquet波散射亮线和隔板共振散射亮线也与理论符合.     

强激光加热旋转薄柱壳的参量选择分析

为了把激光加热静止圆柱壳的实验测量结果应用到旋转圆柱壳的激光参量估计中,研究了旋转圆柱壳的激光加热效率。用积分变换法得到了旋转圆柱壳的温度分布,分析了最大温升点相对激光峰值强度点的滞后现象。基于静止圆柱壳和薄壳假设,导出了旋转圆柱壳激光加热效率及估计辐照时间的表达式。对于旋转金属圆柱壳,最大温升点相对激光峰值强度点的滞后角和激光加热效率取决于无量纲参量DR(柱壳半径R与束斑半径r0之比)、DL(横向热扩散尺度4ατL与束斑半径r0之比)及DM(加热时间τL与柱壳旋转频率fR的乘积)。达到相同的最大温升时,旋转圆柱壳的激光辐照时间和静止圆柱壳的激光辐照时间之间存在与激光功率无关的非线性关系,而激光功率决定了所需的绝对激光辐照时间。     

爆炸荷载下不同壁厚圆柱壳动力学行为的研究

对爆炸荷载下圆柱壳的动力学行为进行了实验研究及数值模拟。将外径均为100mm的3种壁厚的Q235钢质圆柱壳置于由TNT药柱产生的爆炸场中进行冲击实验,系统分析了在不同装药高度及壳壁厚度参数条件下圆柱壳的冲击变形模式,即迎爆面局部凹陷变形模式(ModeⅠ)、迎爆面局部凹陷与壳整体弯曲变形耦合模式(ModeⅡ)、整体变形失效模式(ModeⅢ)及局部穿透与整体变形失效耦合模式(ModeⅣ)。采用LS-DYNA有限元程序及Lagrangian-Eulerian流固耦合算法,对圆柱壳的非线性动力响应过程进行了数值模拟,分析了圆柱壳的变形历程及最终残余变形的情况,计算结果与实验现象吻合较好。研究结论可为圆柱壳结构爆炸破坏分级及抗爆技术设计提供科学依据。     

蠕变-疲劳交互作用的电子显微学研究

用透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜研究了一种镍基合金(Nimonic 75型)蠕变-疲劳交互作用的机制。在温度873K,应力幅392MPa下进行的实验表明,蠕变、疲劳和“蠕变叠加疲劳”数据近似满足线性积累损伤规律。扫描电子显微镜断口观察表明,所有试样均发生晶间型断裂。但用透射电子显微镜进行的位错观察指出,在蠕变、疲劳和“蠕变叠加疲劳”试样中,位错组态有明显的差别。这些不同的位错组态,对晶间断裂过程产生了各自不同的影响,因而蠕变损伤与疲劳损伤相互独立,在宏观上表现出线性交互作用的规律。本工作表明,透射电子显微 关键词：     

填充介质圆柱壳在侧向爆炸冲击作用下的变形型面研究

对填充介质圆柱壳在侧向爆炸冲击作用下的变形型面进行了实验研究,获得了圆柱壳的最终变形型面。基于刚塑性动力学中的塑性铰理论建立了相应的分析模型,将圆柱壳划分为多个首尾相连的刚性方杆,利用方杆的平动、转动描述圆柱壳的变形过程,详细推导了相邻方杆间弹簧力、弯矩和偏折角等的表达式,考察了侧向炸药覆盖宽度和圆柱壳初始速度等因素对变形型面的影响。研究结果表明:所建立的分析模型能够有效地预测圆柱壳的变形型面,侧向炸药覆盖宽度和爆轰威力是影响圆柱壳最终变形型面的关键因素,可通过调整侧向炸药的覆盖宽度和圆柱壳初始速度实现不同的圆柱壳变形型面。     

三弹性圆柱壳体多重耦合声辐射计算方法

为研究多圆柱壳组合结构的声辐射特性,采用模态叠加法建立了3个并排无限长弹性圆柱壳的振动声散射耦合物理模型,充分考虑了三圆柱壳的表面振动与散射声场的耦合,其中散射声场可分解为各圆柱壳刚性散射声场和弹性辐射声场的叠加,数学上将各壳间的声场耦合关系通过柱函数加法公式描述。利用该物理模型,分析了多重散射对稳态声场求解结果的影响,比较了三圆柱壳耦合系统与单个圆柱壳系统的辐射声场指向性、声压级及辐射声功率级的差异及其产生机理,结果表明:结构弹性耦合声辐射不仅在低频对总声场有显著影响,在高频范围也不可忽略;另外,针对本文设定参数的组合圆柱壳,在150 Hz以上频段,两旁圆柱壳对中间圆柱壳在正横方位产生了声辐射遮蔽效应,垂直方位则体现声泄漏作用。本文建立的方法可推广到三维空间任意多壳结构的声振耦合建模。      

激光束照射下轴压圆柱薄壳热屈曲数值分析

 针对激光束照射下承受轴压作用的圆柱薄壳,实现了材料参数(弹性模量E，泊桑比μ、线膨胀系数α)随温度变化情况下热屈曲破坏有限元数值分析。数值计算结果表明,激光照射区域产生的热应力和材料软化将导致处于正常工作状态的轴压圆柱壳发生灾难性的热屈曲破坏。     

激光辐照下充压柱壳结构变形的数值模拟

 激光辐照下充压柱壳局部受热，最终导致充压柱壳上激光加载区发生鼓包和爆裂现象。作者用有限元方法数值模拟了激光辐照下柱壳的变形，计算出的应力、应变场显示光斑中心处是最有可能发生爆裂的地方，结论与实验结果相符。同时，根据计算结果，对激光加载初期发生鼓包现象的原因作了分析。     

用内耗方法研究铜的蠕变断裂过程

在文献[1]关于工业纯铝研究的基础上,研究了工业纯铜在不同条件下蠕变过程中晶界内耗峰的变化,蠕变条件分为三类:(a)较高温度、较低应力;(b)中等温度、中等应力;(c)较低温度、较高应力;使试样分别发生晶间型、混合型和穿晶型的断裂。由晶界内耗峰的变化可以推知:在较高温度、较低应力的蠕变过程中,晶界强度变化不大;在中等温度、中等应力的蠕变过程中,晶界强度有一定程度的提高;在较低温度、较高应力的蠕变过程中,晶界强度则有比较显著的提高。这说明,在蠕变过程中,晶界强度是变化着的,在不同的蠕变条件下,晶界强化的程度不同,最终导致了不同类型的蠕变断裂。这对于“等强温度”概念是一个修正和补充。 关键词：     

在不同温度下球墨鑄铁的冲击性能

本文描述高温冲击实验的技术,以及由-85℃至1070℃的铸态和锻造后的球墨铸铁的冲击性能。研究结果找到了基体主要为铁素体的球墨铸铁的两个变脆温度范围(-20℃以下和550℃至700℃之间)和一个比较具有韧性的温度范围(850℃与1050℃之间)。在这些温度范围内,曾考查试样的断口情况和断裂时的弯曲角度,并与其基体组织的变化相联系,进行讨论。最后,本文指出研究结果在球墨铸铁的应用上所起的作用,以及在球墨铸铁热加工时对于选择热加工温度的意义。     

An exact general-relativity solution for the motion and intersections of self-gravitating shells in the field of a massive black hole

The motion with intersections of relativistic gravitating shells in the Schwarzschild gravitational field of a central body is considered. Formulas are derived for calculating parameters of the shells after intersection via their parameters before intersection. Such special cases as the Newtonian approximation, intersections of light shells, and intersections of a test shell with a gravitating shell are also considered. The ejection of one of the shells to infinity in the relativistic region is described. The equations of motion for the shells are analyzed numerically.     

Use of Crustacean Shells for Uptake and Removal of Metal Ions in Solution

Abstract

The use of crustacean shells, in particular crab shells, for the removal of metal ions in solution is described. Research studies found in the literature on the ability of the shells, effect of particle size, pH, competitive studies in mixtures of metals, application to real samples such as acid mine drainage, and use of the shells in a column are presented. The major component of the shells that allows uptake to occur is chitin. Several mechanisms are proposed for uptake. There are conflicting accounts in the literature on such areas as the effect of pH, flow rate, and particle size.     

Modal voltages and micro-signal analysis of conical shells of revolution

Conical shells and components are widely used as nozzles, injectors, rocket fairings, turbine blades, etc. Dynamic and vibration characteristics of conical shells have been investigated over the years. In this paper, micro-electromechanics and distributed sensing phenomena of a generic double-curvature shell and a conical shell are discussed, and governing sensing signal-displacement equations are derived. Spatially distributed modal voltages and micro-signal generations of conical shells laminated with distributed piezoelectric sensor layers are investigated based on the Donnel-Mushtari-Valsov theory. Distributed modal voltages and their various signal components of two conical shells reveal that the dominating signal component among the four contributing micro-signal components is the circumferential membrane component. This dominance is even more significant for lower shell modes and/or deep shells. In general, high strain regions result in high signal magnitudes. Accordingly, the spatially distributed signal patterns—the modal voltages—clearly represent the modal dynamic and micro-strain characteristics of conical shells.     

Zero-point energy of N perfectly conducting concentric cylindrical shells

The zero-point (Casimir) energy of N perfectly conducting, infinitely long, concentric cylindrical shells is calculated utilizing the mode summation technique. The obtained convergent expression is studied as a function of size, curvature and number of shells. Limiting cases, such as infinitely close shells or infinite radius shells are also investigated.     

Some problems of analysis and optimization of plates and shells

The classical optimization problems of plates and shells to satisfy a priori given geometry and dynamical characteristics are considered. Orthotropic plates and shells with variable thickness and low transverse stiffness are analyzed. First, some useful theorems and their proofs are given. Then the finite approximation of the problem related to optimization of free vibrations of shells with transverse deformation and rotary inertia is discussed. The varational iteration (MVI) and Bubnov-Galerkin (MB) methods are applied, and their convergence and suitability for application to plates and shells analysis are discussed and numerically evaluated.     

核衰变产生的X射线和俄歇电子数据计算

核衰变过程中,内转换电子发射和电子俘获能在原子电子壳层内留下空穴.其他原子电子壳层的电子将填补这些空穴,其原子电子位置将重排,并发射X射线和俄歇电子.X射线和俄歇电子的能量由原子电子结合能计算得到,X射线和俄歇电子的强度分别由内转换电子发射和电子俘获在原子电子壳层内留下的空穴数,X射线荧光产额,和空穴转移系数计算得到.本文简要介绍核衰变产生的X射线和俄歇电子数据的计算方法、计算程序与工作流程,并以核衰变为例说明其具体应用和简要讨论与总结.     

Driven self-assembly of hard nanoplates on soft elastic shells

The driven self-assembly behaviors of hard nanoplates on soft elastic shells are investigated by using molecular dynamics(MD) simulation method, and the driven self-assembly structures of adsorbed hard nanoplates depend on the shape of hard nanoplates and the bending energy of soft elastic shells. Three main structures for adsorbed hard nanoplates,including the ordered aggregation structures of hard nanoplates for elastic shells with a moderate bending energy, the collapsed structures for elastic shells with a low bending energy, and the disordered aggregation structures for hard shells,are observed. The self-assembly process of adsorbed hard nanoplates is driven by the surface tension of the elastic shell,and the shape of driven self-assembly structures is determined on the basis of the minimization of the second moment of mass distribution. Meanwhile, the deformations of elastic shells can be controlled by the number of adsorbed rods as well as the length of adsorbed rods. This investigation can help us understand the complexity of the driven self-assembly of hard nanoplates on elastic shells.     

具有各向异性的梯度颗粒复合材料的有效介电响应

本文研究了具有梯度壳层椭球颗粒复合体系的有效介电响应，在稀释条件下用准静态近似方法, 推导了颗粒壳层具有任意介电梯度形式的椭球颗粒复合体系的有效介电常数和部分共振条件的一般表达式。并以壳层的介电常数为主轴的幂函数形式为例，得出了通过调节壳层的介电梯度形式、颗粒的结构和形状,可以提高该体系的有效介电常数和实现部分共振的结论。     

A GROUP THEORETIC APPROACH TO THE LINEAR FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF SHELLS WITH DIHEDRAL SYMMETRY

This paper deals with a group theoretic approach to the finite element analysis of linear free vibrations of shells with dihedral symmetry. Examples of such shell structures are cylindrical shells, conical shells, shells with circumferential stiffeners, corrugated shells, spherical shells, etc. The group theoretic approach is used to exploit the inherent symmetry in the problem. For vibration analysis, the group theoretic results give the correct symmetry-adapted basis for the displacement field. The stiffness matrix K and the mass matrix M are identically block diagonalized in this basis. The generalized linear eigenvalue problem of free vibration gets split into independent subproblems due to this block diagonalization. The Simo element is used in the finite element formulation of the shell equilibrium equations. Numerical results for natural frequencies and natural modes of vibration of several dihedral shell structures are presented. The results are shown to be in very good agreement with those reported in the literature. The computational advantages and physical insights due to the group theoretic approach are also discussed.     

Modal densities of stiffened,axially loaded cylindrical shells

Donnell type equations are used to calculate modal densities of thin cylindrical shells, stiffened by closely spaced eccentric rings and stringers, and subjected to axial stresses. The formulation presented degenerates to known results for unstiffened, unloaded shells. The effects of stiffeners and axial stresses on modal densities are examined by numerous examples, and qualitative conclusions referring to radiation efficiency and transmission ratio of the stiffened shells are drawn.