手性固定相高效液相色谱法拆分系列抗胆碱能药物对映体的研究

采用手性固定相高效液相色谱法研究了甲醇-磷酸盐体系、乙腈-磷酸盐体系和甲醇-乙腈-磷酸盐体系对系列抗胆碱能药物的手性拆分情况,讨论了流动相的各个因素（有机相的种类和比例、磷酸盐浓度、酸度、三乙胺用量等）对手性拆分的影响。研究表明,流动相中较大的水相比例、较高的磷酸盐浓度、pH和三乙胺浓度更有利于抗胆碱能药物的手性拆分。通过对比研究10种抗胆碱能手性药物的色谱行为,从结构上讨论了化合物中不同官能团对保留时间及手性拆分的影响,并探讨了手性拆分的内在机制。     

基于直链淀粉衍生物手性固定相的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法拆分4种β-受体阻滞剂对映体及其分离机制的探讨

建立了以直链淀粉衍生物为手性固定相的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)直接拆分普萘洛尔、美托洛尔、阿罗洛尔和卡维地洛4种β-受体阻滞剂对映体的方法。考察了手性固定相的种类、流动相改性剂和添加剂的体积分数、柱温和流速等对4种药物对映体分离的影响。结果表明:在Chiralpak AD-H手性色谱柱上,在正己烷-乙醇-二乙胺(20∶80∶0.03,v/v/v)为流动相、流速0.550 mL/min、柱温40℃的条件下,普萘洛尔、美托洛尔、阿罗洛尔和卡维地洛对映体均达到基线分离,分离度分别为1.37、1.80、2.09和4.70。通过热力学研究及对映体结构分析对拆分机理进行了探讨,发现4种药物对映体的手性拆分均为焓驱动过程,而固定相的手性空腔对不同药物的拆分影响较大。研究结果为β-受体阻滞剂的深入研究提供了参考方法。     

薄层色谱法拆分手性药物对映体

用性能稳定的薄层色谱用β-环糊精(β-CD)、硅胶手性固定相拆分手性药物对映体.在适当比例的乙腈-1%乙酸三乙胺(TEAA)、己烷-异丙醇、乙腈-甲醇-乙酸-三乙胺、甲醇-1%TEAA及乙腈-1%TEAA-三乙胺溶剂系统中展开,8种临床常用的手性药物对映体得到有效分离,对映异构体之间的相对比移值α为1.53～4.89.     

高效液相色谱手性流动相添加剂法分离3种黄酮类化合物对映体

采用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC),以磺丁基醚-β-环糊精(SBE-β-CD)作为手性流动相添加剂,建立了二氢黄豆苷原(dihydrodaidzein)、雌马酚(equol)和山姜素(alpinetin)3种黄酮类化合物的手性拆分方法。考察了环糊精的种类和浓度、有机相的种类和比例、缓冲盐的种类和浓度以及pH对3种化合物手性拆分效果的影响。结果表明:采用Kromasil 100-5C₁₈(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-10 mmol/L SBE-β-CD水溶液(含20 mmol/L KH₂PO₄, pH值到4.0)(体积比为20:80)的条件下,二氢黄豆苷原、雌马酚和山姜素的对映体都达到了基线分离,分离度分别为1.8, 1.9和1.4。该方法简便,分离效果好,对黄酮类化合物的拆分具有应用价值。     

高效液相色谱的4种商品手性柱对38种手性化合物的拆分研究

采用纤维素-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)涂敷型手性固定相(Chiralcel OD柱)、直链淀粉-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)涂敷型手性固定相(Chiralpak AD柱)、直链淀粉-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)键合型手性固定相(Chiralpak IA柱)和Pirkle型的(S,S)-Whelk-01手性固定相对38种外消旋体化合物进行手性拆分。实验结果表明,4种固定相的手性识别能力为:OD>AD>IA>(S,S)-Whelk-01,OD固定相的手性识别率达到60%,并且它们之间的手性识别性能还具有一定的互补性。本研究对4种常用手性固定相的拆分能力进行了对比,为拆分手性化合物时有的放矢地选择手性固定相提供了参考。     

β-环糊精键合手性固定相分离苯并恶嗪类对映体

研究了在反相高效液相色谱模式下,基于点击化学的β-环糊精手性固定相对苯并恶嗪类对映体的手性分离情况。考察了流动相中有机改性剂的类型和比例、缓冲盐的浓度和pH值对分离的影响。考察结果表明: 乙腈作为有机改性剂比甲醇更有利于苯并恶嗪对映体的分离;乙酸三乙胺缓冲盐体积分数从0.1%增大到1.0%时,苯并恶嗪对映体的保留时间和分离度都随之减小,在pH 4.1时苯并恶嗪对映体具有最大分离度。因此确定乙腈和体积分数为0.1%的乙酸三乙胺缓冲盐流动相(pH 4.1)为最佳分离条件。分离机理研究结果表明,固定相和样品之间的包容络合相互作用以及样品和固定相之间的氢键作用,是样品得以分离的基础。本研究为进一步深入研究β-环糊精固定相提供了实验基础,同时也证明了点击化学在手性环糊精固定相制备中具有极大潜力。     

一种手性中间体在键合型和涂覆型纤维素手性固定相上的拆分

制备了涂覆型和键合型纤维素-(3, 5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)固定相, 分别在制备的纤维素手性固定相上成功地拆分了一种手性中间体, 通过考察流动相中的改性剂(醇、四氢呋喃、三氯甲烷)对手性拆分的影响, 优化了手性中间体在两种手性固定相上的色谱分离条件, 并比较了手性中间体在涂覆和键合型纤维素手性固定相上的拆分. 结果表明, 涂覆型和键合型手性固定相对这种手性中间体均有较好的拆分效果, 在150 mm的色谱柱上, 这两种手性固定相对这种手性中间体的拆分能力相差不大, 但键合型固定相上可选择的流动相范围更广.     

冠醚固定相的制备及手性拆分

以R-联萘酚为原料合成了R-(1,1′-二萘基)-20-冠-6,并将其涂敷于C18硅胶(平均粒径5μm,孔径120nm)上制成了可用于高效液相色谱手性拆分的R-(1,1′-二萘基)-20-冠-6冠醚固定相(CSP).在以pH=2的高氯酸溶液为流动相,流速为0.1mL·min-1,柱温为25℃的条件下,研究了CSP对9种α-氨基酸对映体的拆分能力.实验结果表明,有5种手性氨基酸(缬氨酸、苯甘氨酸、对羟基苯甘氨酸、谷氨酸、色氨酸)得到不同程度的拆分,说明CSP能对手性氨基酸进行一定的拆分.     

纤维素类手性固定相高效液相色谱法拆分三唑类手性化合物

采用纤维素-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)手性固定相(Chiralcel OD)和纤维素-三(4-甲基苯基甲酸酯)手性固定相(Chiralcel OJ),在正相高效液相(N-HPLC)模式下,基线拆分了两个系列共13个结构类似的三唑类手性化合物,结果发现,当手性固定相(Chiral Stationary Phase,CSP)可以与溶质分子之间形成较强氢键时,Chiralcel OD的手性识别能力明显优于Chiraleel OJ,当手性固定相(CSP)与溶质分子之间不能或难于形成氢键时,两种CSP的手性拆分能力相似;提高流动相中极性改性剂的极性有利于手性化合物的拆分。在反相高效液相(R-HPLC)模式下,共基线拆分了8个三唑类手性化合物,实验发现,OJ-CSP的手性拆分能力明显优于OD-CSP．它们对对映体分子的选择性主要受CSP与溶质分子间的π-π相互作用的影响。     

高效液相色谱使用两种类型的纤维素-三(对甲基苯甲酸酯)固定相手性拆分非洛地平的比较

以高效液相色谱手性固定相法对非洛地平(FEL)进行手性拆分。分别采用两种类型的纤维素-三(对甲基苯甲酸酯)手性柱Chiralcel OJ-R和Chiralcel OJ-H进行比较实验,以正己烷-异丙醇(90:10, v/v)为流动相,考察了流动相、柱温对保留及手性拆分的影响。实验显示,两柱拆分FEL的van’t Hoff图均发生了转折,在高温区域为焓驱动,在低温区域为熵驱动。两柱在温度升高时拆分FEL的分离度均提高,其中OJ-H的分离度优于OJ-R。两种手性柱对FEL具有相似的拆分机理。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.