Facile Method for Thiocyanation of Activated Arenes Using Iodic Acid in Combination with Ammonium Thiocyanate

A facile method for direct thiocyanation of activated arenes using iodic acid in combination with ammonium thiocyanate is described.     

S2O2-8派生氧化法催化降解水中的甲基橙

 S2O2-8在Ag+的催化作用下可生成 SO-4· 和Ag2+, SO-4· 和Ag2+ 具有极强的氧化能力,其电极电位分别为E0Ag2+/Ag+=1.989 V, E0SO-4·/SO2-4=3.64 V. 本文研究了S2O2-8+Ag+体系中甲基橙的降解情况,并用紫外光谱、总有机碳(TOC)和高效液相色谱/质谱对降解过程进行了表征. 在pH=1的S2O2-8+Ag+体系中,反应8 min时, 5 μmol/L的甲基橙色度去除率达100%. 2 h后,水样中有悬浮物出现,过滤后样品TOC去除率为8.6%; 在同样条件下, Fenton法对甲基橙TOC去除率为10%. 在促使有机物矿化方面, S2O2-8+Ag+法与Fenton法的效果基本相同.     

Practical and Regioselective Halogenations of Aromatic Compounds Using Tetrabutylammonium Peroxydisulfate

Abstract

The halogenated aromatic compounds have been important intermediates for various synthetic methods. Electron-rich aromatic compounds were easily iodinated using tetrabutylammonium peroxydisulfate (1) and iodine in mild conditions with excellent yields. Bromination was achieved using 1 and bromine, and regioselective bromination of highly activated aromatic compounds was also achieved using 1 and lithium bromide in mild conditions with excellent yields.     

Synthesis of Methyltriphenylphosphonium Peroxydisulfate as a Mild Selective Reagent for the Oxidation of Alcohols

Methyltriphenylphosphonium peroxydisulfate (MTPPP) was synthesized by treating methyltriphenyl bromide and potassium peroxydisulfate in aqueous solution. This was used as an efficient and selective reagent for oxidation of alcohols to their corresponding carbonyl compounds in good to high yields.     

Enhanced Degradation of Antibiotic by Peroxydisulfate Catalysis with CuO@CNT: Simultaneous 1O2 Oxidation and Electron-Transfer Regime

The nonradical process in the peroxydisulfate (PDS) oxidation system is a promising method for antibiotic removal in water. In this study, CuO@CNT was successfully synthesized by a facile approach to catalyze PDS. The removal efficiency of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was 90.6% in 50 min, and the stoichiometric efficiency (ΔSMX/ΔPDS) was 0.402. The very different degradation efficiency of common organic contaminants revealed the selective oxidation of the surveyed system. The process of ¹O₂ oxidation and the electron-transfer regime was exhibited by chemical quenching tests, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) determination, a UV–vis spectrophotometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) detection, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. Sustainable catalysis was promoted by the circulation between the surface electron-rich centers of Cu(II) and Cu(III). Dissolved oxygen (DO) and a metastable Cu(III) intermediate contributed to the generation of ¹O₂. Still, a portion of SMX was removed by the mildly activated PDS. Moreover, the influence factors (pH, dosage, water matrix) were examined, and suppressions were acceptable by common anions and real water. Distinguished from the radical process, unique intermediate products were ascertained via the theoretical calculation and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection. Furthermore, CuO@CNT showed a satisfactory activation ability in the cycling experiments. Overall, this study developed CNT to be a supporter of CuO, unveiled the mechanism of catalysis, and evaluated the application potential of the nonradical process.     

零价铁活化过二硫酸盐氧化降解阿特拉津

利用零价铁(Fe0)活化过二硫酸钠(PDS)产生硫酸根自由基(SO4-.)降解环境中的阿特拉津。初步探讨了介质初始pH值、PDS初始浓度、Fe0加入量对阿特拉津降解率的影响,并比较了铁量相同的Fe0/PDS、Fe2+/PDS和Fe3+/PDS 3种体系对阿特拉津的降解能力。结果表明,在初始pH=6.5、1 mL初始浓度为2.0 mmol/L PDS、Fe0加入量为28 mg的条件下,反应60 min后,Fe0/PDS体系对100 mL浓度为0.10 mmol/L阿特拉津的降解率达到99.0%,远高于Fe0、PDS、Fe2+/PDS和Fe3+/PDS 4种体系对阿特拉津的降解率。另外,酸性介质、增加Fe0或PDS的投入量均有利于提高阿特拉津的降解率。同时,通过采用甲醇和叔丁醇作为分子探针鉴定了Fe0/PDS体系中产生的活性中间体SO4-.和羟基自由基(.OH)。     

Absorptiometric Determination of Acetylsalicylic Acid in Aqueous Ethanolic Solution

Abstract

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was found to be quite soluble and quite stable in a 50/50% volume/volume water–ethanol solution. In this solution, a well-defined spectrum with a maximum absorbance, λ_max, of 276 nm of ASA was observed, and a molar absorptivity, ε, of 1.1 × 10³ M-cm was determined. These characteristic physical properties were used to determine ASA concentration in different brands of aspirin. The λ_max and the ε of salicylic acid were also determined. The characteristic values determined were 300 nm and 3.83 × 10³ M-cm, respectively. In this solution and using the method developed here, the concentrations of salicylic acid and ASA in a given aspirin formulation can be determined simultaneously.     

Efficient Thiocyanation of Indoles Using Para-Toluene Sulfonic Acid

Treatment of indoles with ammonium thiocyanate in the presence of para-toluene sulfonic acid afforded the corresponding 3-thiocyano indoles at room temperature in excellent yields.     

pH-Responsive Aqueous Foams of Oleic Acid/Oleate Solution

Aqueous foams of oleic acid/oleate solution were found to be pH-responsive with pH changes. Detailed characterization of the aqueous foams of oleic acid/oleate solution was conducted with respect to their stability, structure, and pH response. The pH values required for foam circulation were studied through pH adjustment. The foaming and defoaming activities of oleic acid/oleate solution were explained by microscopic analysis and oil defoaming mechanisms. Because of the reversibility of oleic acid losing or receiving protons, the foaming and defoaming cycles could be readily repeated many times.      

Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Matrix Membrane Electrodes Responsive to Thiocyanate,Perchlorate and Periodate

Abstract

Three types of PVC matrix membrane ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are described. These are based on membranes containing nitron thiocyanate with 2-nitro-phenyl phenyl ether, 2-nitrophenyl phenyl ether alone and tetraphenylarsonium thiocyanate with 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether. Each type is conditioned and stored in 0.1M sodium thiocyanate. The first two electrodes have been evaluated for thiocyanate and perchlorate response and the best linear long range (linear range down to 2.5×10^?5M) response was obtained for perchlorate. The third electrode is suitable as a periodate ISE with linear calibration range down to 2×10^?4M. The plasticized (2-nitrophenyl phenyl ether) PVC electrode for thiocyanate and perchlorate had a much longer pH interference free range (1.5–12.5) than either of the other electrodes.     

A Simple and Selective Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides Using Tetrabutylammonium Peroxydisulfate: A Rebuttal

Abstract

The report that oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides using tetrabutylammonium peroxydisulfate (2) in methylene chloride was found to be erroneous. We repeated the procedure described in the paper and found that oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide could not be achieved with the method.     

水溶液中噻吩的电化学聚合成膜

本文研究水溶液中噻吩的电化学聚合。高酸度水溶液中噻吩先经历化学低聚反应,低聚合物可在较负的电位阳极氧化成膜。     

硫氰酸盐电化学氧化的动力学复杂性

本文利用多种电化学方法研究了多晶电极上硫氰酸盐电化学氧化的动力学和机理,观察到电流和电位振荡。循环伏安测量表明氧化动力学分为二步过程。除了振荡现象,系统也展示双稳态,利用时间电位扰动,氧化反应可在高电位和低电位稳态之间转换,而且强烈吸附的惰性离子也可诱导从振荡转化为稳态。     

The Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Methyl Esters and Diols to Lactones Using Trichloroisocyanuric Acid

Abstract

Primary alcohols and diols are easily oxidized to methyl esters by a solution of trichloroisocyanuric acid with methyl alcohol in dichloromethane. In addition, α,ω-diols are also readily oxidized into lactones by refluxing with trichloroisocyanuric acid and pyridine in dichloromethane.     

利用海藻酸钙胶囊提取醋酸

我们曾进行了利用聚酰胺胶囊处理含铬废水的研究,取得了一些结果,积累了一定的经验.当前还没有找到从低浓度的醋酸废水溶液中提取醋酸的有效方法.戴猷元等人曾用中空纤维膜器中萃取方法处理低浓度的醋酸水溶液.本文利用内含磷酸三丁酯(TBP)的海藻酸钙胶囊处理低浓度的醋酸水溶液.实验表明,这种方法与利用萃取剂直接萃取法相比有明     

Kinetics and Modeling of Methacrylic Acid Radical Polymerization in Aqueous Solution

Batch radical polymerization of non‐ionized methacrylic acid, 30 wt.‐% in aqueous solution, has been studied at 50 °C and ambient pressure with 2‐mercaptoethanol (ME) as the chain‐transfer agent (CTA). Initial polymerization rate decreases with CTA concentration, which has been varied up to 20 mol‐%. A kinetic model is presented which includes chain‐length‐dependent termination and uses an empirical function to account for the dependence of termination rate on both monomer conversion and molar mass of the polymeric product. In conjunction with PREDICI simulation, this model affords for an adequate representation of the measured monomer conversion vs. time profiles.

     

高透光p型CuSCN薄膜的电沉积制备及机理研究

A stable aqueous electrolyte solution containing Cu(Ⅱ) cations and (SCN) anions was prepared by adding EDTA(ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt, C₁₀H₁₄N₂O₈Na₂·2H₂O) to chelate with Cu(Ⅱ) cations. CuSCN films were electrodeposited on transparent ITO conducting substrates from as-prepared electrolyte solution. Deposition mechanisms of CuSCN at varied temperatures have been studied. The results indicate that electron quantum tunnel through CuSCN film plays a role and the dense thin film with nanocrystals was obtained at or below room temperature. However, at higher temperature, a thermally activated process was involved and a thick film was obtained. It has been calculated that the activation energy of the growth for crystals is 0.5 eV. XPS pattern shows that the electrodeposited film is (SCN) in stoichiometric excess, indicating a p-type film. As-prepared CuSCN film was with high transmittance (≥85%) in the visible optical range and the direct transition band gap was 3.7 eV.     

金催化剂上乙二醛氧气氧化合成乙醛酸的研究

利用沉积-沉淀法和溶液相还原法制备了系列金催化剂,以氧气氧化乙二醛合成乙醛酸为探针反应,进行了反应条件的优化,并通过对催化剂进行XRD、AAS、UV-Vis和XPS表征,分析了影响催化剂活性的因素.结果显示:与沉积-沉淀法相比,采用溶液相还原法制备的催化剂Au/ZrO2(L),金的实际负载量较高,表现出较高的催化活性,当溶液pH为7.7,反应温度为323 K时,乙醛酸收率达到6.2%.