核磁共振技术测定联萘酚的对映体纯度

手性联萘酚((±)-BINOL)制备是国内高校常开设的一个实验,其产品的对映体纯度测试是实验的重要一环。以2-甲酰基苯硼酸和(S)-(?)-1-苯乙胺的混合物作为手性试剂与联萘酚发生Bull-James Assembly反应,以此设计了核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)测定联萘酚对映体纯度的实验。实验结果表明,通过反应生成的对映体混合物的核磁信号,能准确地计算出(±)-BINOL的对映体纯度。以选定的苯环氢核信号计算出的(R)-BINOL含量与理论ee值有着良好的线性关系(R²=0.9999)。此实验方法能够快速完成大量学生样品的测量,同时大大减少实验废液的产生量。学生通过此实验可对核磁共振技术有更进一步的了解。     

Development of Electrophoretic Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Enantiomeric Ratio and Composition of Diastereomeric Salt Mixtures

Obtaining enantiomeric pure compounds is—among other techniques—possible in a resolvation experiment via diastereomeric salt formation, excellently exemplified by a modified Pope–Peachy method performed in supercritical carbon dioxide as solvent. The salt precipitation is followed by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) to separate the diastereomeric salts and the unreacted enantiomers. To evaluate the extraction efficiency, conversion and enantioselectivity achieved, it is essential to determine the enantiomer excess and the residual resolving agent content in extracts and raffinates. Carefully chosen experimental parameters enable the simultaneous determination of certain anions and cations in capillary electrophoresis in a single run, which has not been reported for diastereomeric mixtures so far. In this paper, a partially validated chiral selective cyclodextrin enabled capillary electrophoresis method is presented for the characterization of cis-permethrinic acid samples resolved with (R)-1-phenylethylamine prepared by the SFE-based resolvation technique. To evaluate the efficiency of the resolvation, a cyclodextrin enabled chiral separation method was developed applying permethylated-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector. The theoretical possibility of the widespread application of the developed method (with minor adjustments) is justified for other selectands and selectors. The developed methods can be thereby applied for the fast and reliable control of resolvation experiments.     

Development of Electrophoretic Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Enantiomeric Ratio and Composition of Diastereomeric Salt Mixtures

Obtaining enantiomeric pure compounds is—among other techniques—possible in a resolvation experiment via diastereomeric salt formation, excellently exemplified by a modified Pope–Peachy method performed in supercritical carbon dioxide as solvent. The salt precipitation is followed by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) to separate the diastereomeric salts and the unreacted enantiomers. To evaluate the extraction efficiency, conversion and enantioselectivity achieved, it is essential to determine the enantiomer excess and the residual resolving agent content in extracts and raffinates. Carefully chosen experimental parameters enable the simultaneous determination of certain anions and cations in capillary electrophoresis in a single run, which has not been reported for diastereomeric mixtures so far. In this paper, a partially validated chiral selective cyclodextrin enabled capillary electrophoresis method is presented for the characterization of cis-permethrinic acid samples resolved with (R)-1-phenylethylamine prepared by the SFE-based resolvation technique. To evaluate the efficiency of the resolvation, a cyclodextrin enabled chiral separation method was developed applying permethylated-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector. The theoretical possibility of the widespread application of the developed method (with minor adjustments) is justified for other selectands and selectors. The developed methods can be thereby applied for the fast and reliable control of resolvation experiments.

     

核磁共振在对映体纯度测定中的应用

综述了核磁共振技术对映体纯度测定中的应用，它包括三个方面：（１）手性衍生剂法；（２）手性镧系位移试剂法；（３）手性溶剂法，对三种方法的测定机理和特点也做了讨论，全文共６５篇参考文献。     

Regiochemistry of Cleavage of Monosubstituted Oxiranes by Phosphorochloridites. Enantiomeric Composition of Oxiranes by 31P NMR Spectral Data

The regioisomeric composition of the adducts of unsymmetrical oxiranes with achiral and chiral phosphorochloridites was studied. Factors allowing enantiomeric assessment of chiral oxiranes with the aid of chiral derivatizing organophosphorus reagents were revealed.     

手性毛细管气相色谱法测定微生物产生的环氧化物的对映体组成

在选择的修饰β－环糊精中,２,６－Ｏ－二戊基－３－Ｏ－三氟乙酰基－β环糊精（２,６－Ｏ－ＤＰ－３－Ｏ－ＴＦＡ－β－ＣＤ）是毛细管气相色谱法分离１－氯（溴）－２,３－环氧丙烷对映体较好的手性固定相,环氧丙烷对映体即使在室温下也不能拆分。由五株甲烷利用菌和一株乙烯利用菌产生的３－氯（溴）－１,２－环氧丙烷的对映体组成的测定结果表明,甲烷利用菌形成外消旋环氧化物,乙烯利用菌主要形成（Ｓ）－１－氯－２,３－环氧丙烷     

Numerical Method for Determination of Composition of Weak Acid Mixtures by Potentiometric Titration

An equation describing the state of weak acid mixtures was derived from the relationships between mole balance and charge balance. The equation was solved with numerical method and the compositions of the acid mixtures were determined. The advantages of this treatment were demonstrated by analyzing binary mixtures of chloroacetic, formic and acetic acids.     

Conformation of 2,5-substituted 1,3,2-dioxaborinanes studied by NMR

The conformation of a series of 2,5-substituted 1,3,2-dioxaborinanes is studied by PMR. The preferred conformation for the majority of compounds has an equatorial group on atom C₍₅₎. The 5-nitroderivative exists in the conformation with an axial nitro group.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, pp. 1107–1109, August, 1990.     

Changes in the Enantiomeric Composition of Chiral Mixtures Upon Adsorption on a Non‐Chiral Surface

The adsorption of propylene oxide, a chiral molecule, on a Pt(111) single‐crystal surface was studied as a function of enantiomeric composition by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and molecular beams. Two opposing trends were observed leading to variations in the enantiomeric excess (ee) of the chemisorbed layers with respect to the composition of the gas‐phase mixtures: a kinetic effect dominant during the initial uptake, with a preference toward the formation of enantiopure layers, and a steady‐state effect seen after approximately monolayer half‐saturation, at which point the preference is toward racemization. These effects may account for important phenomena such as the bias toward one chirality in biological systems and the selective crystallization of some chiral compounds, and may also be used in practical applications for chemical separations and catalysis.     

Determination of Enantiomeric Compositions of Tryptophan by Chemometric Analysis of the Fluorescence Spectra of Bovine Serum Albumin Receptor-ligand Mixtures

Determination of the enantiomeric composition of chiral substances has been paid much attention in recent years1. For high throughput screening strategies, time-consuming chromatographic methods are not attractive, and rapid spectroscopic techniques appea…     

Phosphorus Containing Achiral Reagents for the Determination of Enantiomeric Composition of Chiral Alcohols

Abstract

It is shown that P₄S₁₀ and (R₂N)3P can be used as achiral derivatising reagents for the determination of enantiomeric excess (ee) of chiral alcohols R*OH.     

Interaction in Binary Mixtures of Gemini Surfactant G12-6-12 and CTAB by NMR

The interaction between N, N′-bis（dimethyldodecyl）-1,6-hexanediammoniumdibromide （G12-6-12） and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB） in D20 aqueous medium has been investigated by NMR at 298 K. The G12-6-12 and CTAB are about 0.773 and measured critical micelle concentration （cmc） of 0.668 mmol/L, respectively. The cmc^＊ （cmc of mixture） values are less than CMC^＊ （cmc of ideally mixed solution） in the mixed system, and the interaction parameter βM〈0 at different molar fractions α of G12-6-12 in the mixed systems, but just when α≤0.3, cmc^＊ values are much smaller than CMC^＊, and βM satisfies the relation of ｜βM｜〉｜ln（cmc1/cmc2）｜ （cmcl： cmc of pure G12-6-12 and cmc2： cmc Of pure CTAB）. The results indicate that there exists synergism between G12-6-12 and CTAB, and they can form mixed micelles, which is further proven by 2D NOESY and self-diffusion coefficient D experiments. There are intermolecular cross peaks between G12-6-12 and CTAB in 2D NOESY, and the radius of micelles in mixed solution is bigger than that in G12-6-12 pure solution in D experiments, indicating there are mixed micelles. However, when α〉0.3, we find that cmc^＊≈CMC^＊, βM≈0, obviously, the two surfactants are almost ideal mixing fitting the pseudo-phase separation model and regular solution theory.     

Conformational Composition of 2,5-Disubstituted 1,3,2-Dioxaborinanes

We have used ¹H NMR spectra and also MM+ and AM1 calculation methods to show that the conformational equilibrium of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,2-dioxaborinane molecules, including two sofa forms, is shifted toward the equatorial conformer. We have established the values of G ⁰ for a number of substituents on the C₍₅₎ ring atom.     

Extraction-Photometric Determination of the Composition of Multicomponent Crown Ether–Podand Mixtures

A procedure was developed for the determination of the following constituents of an extraction mixture used in the processing of spent nuclear fuel: dibenzo-21-crown-7, dicyclohexano-18-crown-6, and diethyleneglycol decyl ether. The determination is based on the differences in the optical properties of the mixture components and the extraction properties of their complexes with metal cations and Bromothymol Blue or Metanil Yellow dye anions. The accuracy of analysis was checked by the added–found method.     

Determination of No2 -/NO3 - Mixtures by Titration with Ascorbic Acid

Abstract

The analysis of nitrite-nitrate mixtures by indirect titration with ascorbic acid performed before and after passage through a reducing Cd column is proposed and discussed with particular reference to experimental conditions, calculation scheme and concentration ranges.     

高效液相色谱法测定右旋雷贝拉唑钠的对映体纯度

采用高效液相色谱法测定右旋雷贝拉唑钠对映体的纯度。以α1-酸性糖蛋白键合硅胶为填充剂的CHIRALPAK-AGP手性柱为固定相,用乙腈-pH 6.0磷酸盐(1+9)混合溶液为流动相进行洗脱,用紫外检测器进行测定,检测波长为285nm。左旋雷贝拉唑钠的质量浓度在38.4~576μg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.2ng,测定下限(10S/N)为0.56ng。加标回收率在91.1%~102%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差在2.4%~4.3%之间。     

Analysis of Carbohydrate Mixtures by Diffusion Difference NMR Spectroscopy

Summary.  Diffusion difference NMR spectroscopy can be used as a fast and powerful tool to separate carbohydrates in a mixture by their translational diffusion properties. This method is of general interest for analyzing natural and synthetic mixtures and for monitoring and optimizing synthetic reactions. The proposed subtraction procedure applied to two varying diffusion encoded spectra can be combined with homo- and heteronuclear as well as with one- and multi-dimensional NMR experiments. Received November 26, 2001. Accepted November 30, 2001