退火温度对Co掺杂CeO2稀磁氧化物薄膜的结构和铁磁性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法,在Si(100)和石英玻璃衬底上制备了3;Co掺杂CeO2稀磁氧化物薄膜,研究了不同退火温度(500 ℃, 600 ℃和700 ℃)对薄膜结构和铁磁性能的影响.XRD 和拉曼光谱结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,薄膜晶化度明显提高.不同退火温度下的3;Co掺杂CeO2薄膜为多晶薄膜,且未破坏CeO2原有的结构.随着退火温度的升高, 晶粒尺寸逐渐增大.另外,3;Co掺杂CeO2薄膜在可见光范围内都有很好的透射率,其室温下的光学带隙Eg随退火温度增加而减小.超导量子干涉磁强计(SQUID)测量表明所有样品都表现出室温铁磁性,随着退火温度的升高,饱和磁化强度和矫顽力增大,700 ℃退火的薄膜具有最大的饱和磁化强度和最大的矫顽力.不同退火温度导致样品的磁性有了明显的变化,这源于磁性产生的不同机理.可见薄膜的结构最终影响了其铁磁性能.     

真空退火温度对射频磁控溅射制备非晶In-Ga-Zn-O薄膜性能影响的研究

采用射频磁控溅射技术在室温下玻璃衬底上制备了铟镓锌氧(In-Ga-Zn-O)透明导电薄膜,并对该薄膜进行了真空退火.研究了不同退火温度对In-Ga-Zn-O薄膜结构、电学和光学性能的影响.X射线衍射(XRD)表明,在300℃至500℃退火温度范围内,In-Ga-Zn-O薄膜为非晶结构.随着退火温度的增加,薄膜的电阻率先减小后增大.透射光谱显示退火后In-Ga-Zn-O薄膜在500～ 800 nm可见光区平均透过率超过80;,且在350 nm附近表现出较强的紫外吸收特性.经过退火的薄膜光学禁带宽度随着退火温度的增加先增大后减小,350 ℃最大达到3.91 eV.     

脉冲偏压及退火处理对电弧离子镀N掺杂TiO_2薄膜结构和性能的影响

本文利用电弧离子镀技术,施加不同脉冲偏压,在玻璃基体上沉积了N掺杂TiO2薄膜。研究了基体偏压和热处理对薄膜结构、光吸收性能及光催化降解甲基橙的反应活性。结果表明:随脉冲偏压的提高,薄膜相结构先由锐钛矿向非晶转变然后向锐钛矿和金红石的混合相转变,吸收边先红移后蓝移,透明度先下降后升高。400℃下退火4 h,薄膜结晶形貌更加明显,吸收边进一步红移,透明度提高。原始薄膜和退火后的薄膜都具有高的紫外光催化活性。可见光下经过退火的-300V偏压下制备的薄膜具有最好的光催化活性。     

Ge覆盖层诱导晶化多晶Si薄膜的晶化特性研究

采用电子束蒸发技术在衬底温度为180℃条件下生长具有Ge覆盖层的非晶Si薄膜,并于500℃、600℃、700℃真空退火5h.采用Raman散射、X射线衍射(XRD)、全自动数字式显微镜等对所制备薄膜的晶化特性进行研究.结果表明,Ge覆盖层具有诱导非晶Si薄膜晶化的作用,且随着退火温度的升高a-Si薄膜晶化越显著.具有Ge覆盖层非晶薄膜经500℃退火5h沿Si(400)方向开始晶化,对应晶粒尺寸约为4.9 nm.将退火温度升高到700℃时,非晶硅薄膜几乎全部晶化,晶化多晶Si薄膜在Si(400)方向表现出很强的择优取向特性,晶粒尺寸高达23.3μm.与相同条件下制备的无Ge覆盖层的非晶Si薄膜相比,晶化温度降低了300℃.     

快速退火对PZT铁电薄膜结构的影响

采用射频磁控溅射方法在Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si衬底上制备出(PZT)铁电薄膜,在550℃、600℃、650℃、700℃几个温度下对薄膜进行了快速退火热处理,并在退火处理后用X射线衍射、原子力显微镜和热释电系数测试系统研究了PZT铁电薄膜的薄膜结构、表面形貌及热释电性能.在650℃快速退火后,PZT铁电薄膜已经形成较好的钙钛矿相结构,并获得了较好的热释电性能,热释电系数达到1.5×10-8C·cm-2·k-1.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Ag掺杂的ZnO薄膜及其结构和光学性能的研究

溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ag掺杂的ZnO薄膜(AZO).采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、UV-VIS分光光度计、光致发光检测研究了掺杂浓度和退火温度对AZO薄膜光学和结构的影响.AZO薄膜呈(002)择优生 长的纤维锌矿六角形结构的多晶相.0.5;和1; Ag掺杂的薄膜在可见光波长区域光学透过率在70;～ 80;之间,随着Ag掺杂浓度的升高平均透过率有所降低.5; Ag掺杂的ZnO薄膜经空气中700℃退火后出现两条发射光谱带,经He气氛中退火后UV发射光谱显著增强,并且可见光发射光谱随之消失.     

HWCVD低温制备超薄硼掺杂纳米晶硅薄膜

采用热丝化学气相沉积(HWCVD)技术在低温条件下(100℃)制备超薄(～30 nm)的硼掺杂硅薄膜.系统研究了氢稀释比例RH对薄膜的微结构和电学性能的影响.当RH由55增加至115,薄膜的有序度增加,晶化率升高,载流子浓度增加,暗电导率增加;同时,薄膜的缺陷密度增加、霍尔迁移率降低.实验证实,当RH=55～70时,超薄硅薄膜开始晶化,这是薄膜由非晶到纳米晶的转化区.快速热退火工艺进一步提高了薄膜导电率.在RH=115、衬底温度为100℃沉积条件下,经过420℃、80 s退火,获得电导率为6.88 S/cm的超薄硼掺杂纳米晶硅薄膜.     

掺杂VO2薄膜的相变机理和光电特性研究

本文采用V2O5粉和MoO3粉为原料,通过无机溶胶-凝胶法制备掺Mo6+的VO2薄膜.实验采用XRD和XPS等研究手段,对掺杂薄膜的物相组成、价态、相变温度、电阻突变量级和相变前后的光透过率进行了测试.结果发现:所制备的掺杂薄膜其主要成份是VO2,掺入的MoO3结构未发生改变,掺杂薄膜随MoO3含量的增加其相变温度明显下降,但其电阻突变量级和光透过率的突变量亦随之降低,其中,电阻突变量级的下降趋势更显著,不过只要MoO3掺杂量不高于5;时,掺杂薄膜的电阻突变仍可保持2个量级以上,而且红外光透过率的突变量仍保持较高.分析认为,薄膜中掺入的MoO3与VO2可以互溶,从而可作为施主组元降低VO2能带结构中的禁带宽度,改变其光电特性.     

La掺杂TiO2薄膜的制备及其光电流研究

采用溶胶凝胶-浸渍提拉法在ITO导电玻璃表面制备了纯TiO2薄膜和La掺杂TiO2薄膜,对其进行350℃、450℃、550℃保温2h热处理.利用XRD、SEM、EDS、XPS对样品结构、形貌、成分进行表征,利用电化学工作站对薄膜进行光电流测试,研究了La掺杂以及不同热处理温度对TiO2薄膜结构及光电流的影响.结果表明:La掺杂有细化TiO2晶粒和抑制锐钛矿相向金红石相转变的作用.随热处理温度提高,纯TiO2薄膜与La掺杂TiO2薄膜光电流密度均先增大后减小,450℃热处理后纯Ti02薄膜光电流密度为180 μA·cm-2,此温度下La掺杂TiO2薄膜光电流密度为650 μA·cm-2,是纯TiO2薄膜的3.6倍.     

退火温度和β-FeSi2薄膜厚度对n-β-FeSi2/p-Si异质结太阳电池的影响

本文采用室温直流磁控溅射Fe-Si组合靶的方法,并通过后续退火温度的优化得到了单一相高质量的β-FeSi2薄膜.结果表明,在本实验条件下得到的未掺杂的β-FeSi2薄膜在室温下是n型导电的,其电学特性存在一个退火温度的最优点:800 ℃.而且在这个最佳温度点上,在Si(111)衬底上外延得到的薄膜载流子迁移率比在Si(100)上高出了一倍多.在上述研究的基础上,采用p-Si(111)单晶片作为外延生长β-FeSi2薄膜的衬底,并通过退火温度和薄膜厚度的优化制备出了国内第一个n-β-FeSi2/p-Si异质结太阳电池,其Jsc=7.90 mA/cm2 ,Voc=0.21 V,FF=0.23,η=0.38;.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

原位氮化法制备TiN纳米粉体

用溶胶凝胶法合成的纳米TiO2粉体作为原料,将该粉体在氨气中进行原位氮化制备了TiN纳米粉体.用XRD,TEM,化学分析等手段对合成的TiN纳米粉体的物相组成、形貌、成分进行了分析.实验分析表明:在1000℃和1100℃下分别氮化5h,可以制备粒径大约为40nm和80nm的TiN粉体,其TiN的含量分别为95.40;和98.37;;而在1000℃条件下氮化时间减少到2h时,TiN的含量仅为58.36;.氮化温度和氮化时间是合成纳米TiN的重要因素,提高合成温度和延长氮化时间均可形成纯度较高的TiN纳米粉体,但延长氮化时间更有利于获得粒径小的氮化钛粉体.     

Mesomorphism Dependence on the Position of Substitution of a Pair of Esters

A novel homologous series of ethylene derivatives of thermotropic liquid crystals has been synthesized. The methoxy to octyloxy derivatives are nematogenic, the decyloxy to tetradecyloxy derivatives are smectogenic, in addition to nematogenic, and the hexadecyloxy homologue is smectogenic only. All the members of the series are enantiotropically mesogenic. Thermotropic behavior was determined by an optical polarizing microscope equipped with a heating stage and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) study. Analytical and spectral data confirm the molecular structures of homologues (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectra, X-ray, and DSC data). Textures of the nematic phase are threaded or Schlieren and that of smectic phase are focal conic fan-shaped of smectic A or C. Transition curves of the phase diagram behave in a normal manner except one or two deviations from the normal trend. The mesophase range (Sm+N) varies from 3°C to 44°C. The average thermal stability for smectic is 93°C and that for nematic 117.4°C. The LC behavior of the novel series is compared with a structurally similar known series.     

On the influence of structural features of DNA on the possibility of metabolic transfer of electrons

Abstract

A fragment of a DNA molecule is considered as one of the channels of metabolic electron transfer. The heterogeneity of the complementary chains is effectively taken into account. This made it possible to find the speed of the electron injected into the DNA conduction band and the current density that it creates. Estimates of electron mobility in nucleic acid chains are made. They were an order of magnitude smaller than that of typical semiconductors. For the specific conductivity of nucleic acid chains, estimates provide a conductivity of one to two orders of magnitude lower than in graphite.     

Effect of alumina on enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali silicate glasses

The enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses containing various concentrations of alumina was determined using an ion-exchange equilibrium method. For glasses with a constant alkali concentration, the enthalpy of mixing was found to become less negative with alumina addition. Consistent with our previous results on the enthalpy of mixing of alumina-free mixed alkali silicate glasses, the magnitude of enthalpy of mixing exhibited a good correlation with the molar volume mismatch of the corresponding two single alkali glasses as well as with the extent of conductivity mixed alkali effect, e.g. excess activation energy of conductivity, ΔE. The reduction of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing with alumina addition can be attributed to the reduction of non-bridging oxygen and ionic field strength. Combining the present results with results obtained earlier, the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing for all mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses with and without alumina was expressed by a simple function of a modified Tobolsky parameter, which takes into account the alkali concentration and the difference in cation-to-effective anion distances. The enthalpy of mixing data of the mixed alkali glasses was then compared with reported experimental data on the conductivity of mixed alkali aluminosilicate glasses. What appears to be conflicting experimental data can be understood in terms of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing and we can conclude that the mixed alkali effect is closely correlated with the negative enthalpy of mixing.     

电子显微分析在表征纳米晶体化学组分中的应用

纳米材料的化学组分及含量影响其光、电、声、热、磁等物理性能,电子显微分析是表征纳米晶体化学组分的重要方法之一.本文综述了X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线波谱(WDS)、电子能量损失谱(EELS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等现代电子显微分析技术在表征纳米晶体化学组分、形貌、尺寸和结构等方面的应用及其研究进展,并比较了这些分析方法存在的差异,提出了其应用中存在的不足及今后的研发方向.     

Ni-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层的制备及纳米颗粒分布均匀性研究

研究了在复合电铸过程中,当其它工艺参数一定时,复合电铸层的沉积速率及其厚度随时间的变化趋势, 以及复合电铸层表面微观形貌随电沉积时间的变化趋势.测定了复合电铸层的组织成分,并就纳米颗粒在复合电铸层表面和横截面上分布的均匀性进行了评价.结果表明,复合电铸层表面平整,组织均匀致密,其组成主要是镍和所复合的纳米颗粒,纳米颗粒较为均匀地分散在复合电铸层中.     

Evolution of the Defect Structure of Zinc-Oxide as a Consequence of Tribophysical Activation

Zinc-oxide powder was tribophysically activated in a high-energy vibro mill in a continual regime in air for 3, 30 and 300 minutes with the purpose of modifying the powders physico-chemical properties. By analyzing of data obtained by X-ray powder diffraction, electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, the values of distances between corresponding crystallographic planes, average domain sizes of coherent scattering, i.e. crystallites, width of diffraction lines due to the existence of microstrains, and microstrain values, minimal dislocation densities, dislocation density due to microstrain and real dislocation density, and also average distances between dislocations were determined. The dependence of these values on the activation time was established, which enabled analysis of the evolution of the defect structure of zinc-oxide powders during tribophysical activation by grinding in the described regime.     

PEG聚合度对氧化铝造粒粉的性能影响

为制备适用于干压成型的氧化铝造粒粉,研究了PEG聚合度对氧化铝造粒粉微观形貌、流动性和松装密度的影响.结果表明PEG的聚合度对氧化铝浆料粘度影响显著,PEG2000-6000是较为理想的粘结剂选择,造粒粉的流动性与环境温度及湿度相关.采用正交实验设计,以造粒粉的流动性和松装密度为评价指标,对PEG聚合度、粘结剂添加量和固含量进行了优选,其影响顺序为PEG聚合度＞固含量＞粘结剂添加量.以优选参数PEG6000、添加量为4wt;、固含量为80wt;,制备了性能优良的氧化铝喷雾造粒粉.     

立方晶系晶体本征铁弹相变序参量的选取

在本征铁弹相变的软模理论的基础上,依据弹性本构关系和居里原理,给出了立方晶系晶体所有可能的自发应变的种类,研究了立方晶系晶体本征铁弹相变序参量的选取问题.以Th群和Oh群为例,阐明了不同类的序参量导致晶体对称性变化相同的的原因,提出了该情况下序参量选取的“就少不就多”的原则.得到了发生本征铁弹相变时所有可能的序参量及晶体的对称性的变化.