近红外荧光传感法测定中药材中赭曲霉毒素A

以近红外荧光碳量子点为探针,以赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)适配体为特异性结合体,建立了近红外荧光核酸适体OTA传感检测平台。研究显示,所建立的近红外荧光核酸适体OTA传感对OTA具有高特异性,其他真菌毒素无明显干扰。研究了传感体系组成、p H值、孵化时间等因素对近红外荧光传感性能的影响,确定了最优检测条件。在最优检测条件下,OTA浓度在0.015～1.5 ng·m L~(-1)范围与体系荧光强度恢复呈良好线性关系,检测限为8 pg·m L~(-1)。该方法用于连翘、葛根、莲子、麦芽、陈皮、甘草等中草药中痕量OTA的测定,发现这些中药材都存在赭曲霉毒素A的污染。     

核酸适体传感法检测中药材中黄曲霉毒素B1

以自组装方法,构建了金纳米粒子/核酸适体/CdTe量子点复合物荧光传感体系,金纳米粒子使复合物中量子点荧光猝灭。样品溶液中存在黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）时,复合物中核酸适体选择性地与AFB1结合,并释放出量子点,使体系的荧光得到恢复,其荧光强度随加入样品中AFB1的量增大而增大。AFB1浓度在0.005~2.00 ng/mL范围与体系荧光强度恢复呈良好线性关系,检测限为1.2 pg/mL。该法用于连翘、山楂和甘草等中药材中痕量AFB1测定,取得了满意结果。     

适配体磁纳米探针-激光诱导荧光特异识别微囊藻毒素-LR

微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)具有强烈的肝毒性、致癌性和发育毒性,亟需严格监测。为实现环境水体中微痕量MC-LR的快速特异灵敏的分析识别,以金属有机框架化合物(MOF)为介导,增强磁纳米粒子比表面积,高效负载纳米金和适配体-cDNA分子杂交荧光探针,研发新型的适配体功能化磁纳米荧光探针(Fe₃O₄@MIL-101-NH₂@Au@aptamer),实现了对MC-LR的适配体特异识别-激光诱导荧光(LIF)超高灵敏分析。论文详细研究了适配体磁纳米探针荧光检测MC-LR的可行性、 MC-LR测定的优化条件及其方法性能。结果表明：MOF修饰的磁纳米颗粒Fe₃O₄@MIL-101-NH₂的Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)比表面积达到114.02 m²·g^-1,比单一Fe₃O₄提高了近5倍,适配体-cDNA杂交荧光探针在磁纳米颗粒表面的修饰率达98%以上,适配...     

FAAS法测定黑米啤酒、黑啤酒中微量铁、锰、锌

使用ＰＴＦＥ高压密封消化罐（４＋１）硝酸－高氯酸为溶样试剂，用空气－乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定两种啤酒新产品中的铁、锰、锌，结果令人满意。     

一种改进的Beer吸收定律及其实验验证

传统Beer定律只有在入射功率密度小于几个kW时才能准确描述介质内部的光吸收,而对于较大入射功率密度情形,由于存在受激发射和自发发发过程,使得该定律不再适用。目前已有的能够分析含有吸收、受激发射和自发发射三种过程的模型都没有得出关于吸收定律的解析表达式。为此,本文在二能级系统模型中,利用LambertW函数解速率方程,推导出了吸收定律的广义解析表达式,并分析得出该广义定律的应用判据。在入射功率密度较低的情况下,该广义吸收定律可转化为传统Beer定律。通过实验测量与数值计算的对比分析,表明该广义定律能够快速准确地描述复杂介质内部的光吸收。     

新型水溶性花菁双嵌染料荧光测定蛋白质的研究

基于蛋白质对双嵌花菁染料具有良好的荧光增强作用,以新型水溶性碳菁染1,1’-丙磺酸-3,3,3’,3’-四甲基吲哚三次甲基碳菁-5,5’-二磺酸钾为荧光探针,建立了一种新的蛋白质荧光检测体系。实验考察了探针的荧光特征、浓度、缓冲体系pH、盐浓度和乙醇有机试剂等参数对体系荧光的影响。当pH2.0,花菁染料最大荧光激发波长为548 nm,发射波长为562 nm,血清蛋白与探针作用随着探针浓度的增加而加强,荧光增强值逐渐上升;当探针浓度为1.00×10-6mol·L-1时,牛血清蛋白BSA和人血清蛋白HSA对花菁探针荧光增强作用最为明显,体系荧光强度与蛋白质浓度成良好的线性关系,BSA和HSA线性响应浓度范围分别为0.20～15.00μg·mL-1和0.20～12.00μg·mL-1, 检测限(3σ/K)为0.01μg·mL-1。测定了血清蛋白BSA的合成样品,当BSA浓度为4.00,6.00,8.00μg·mL-1时,回收率为94.5%～103.3%。     

微孔板荧光法对土壤糖酶活性的测定研究

应用荧光共轭物质作为底物,将96微孔板和荧光检测法结合进行稻-麦轮作系统CO₂倍增条件(FACE)下土壤两种糖酶(木聚糖酶和纤维素酶)活性的测定,探讨了微孔板结合荧光法测定糖酶活性的可行性。结果表明,此种方法可以灵敏的检测到土壤稀释液中的糖酶活性,测定结果重现性较好(变异系数最大为4.879%)。与传统的分光光度法相比,是一种准确、快速、简便的土壤糖酶活性测定方法。CO₂倍增条件下土壤木聚糖酶活性高于自然条件,且在小麦的拔节期,抽穗期和成熟期及水稻的抽穗期和成熟期显著高于对照(P<0.05),CO₂浓度升高提高作物的生长代谢水平,进而影响微生物活性造成土壤木聚糖酶活性提高。纤维素酶活性在CO₂倍增条件下未发生显著变化,说明土壤纤维素酶在短时期内对CO₂增加的响应不显著。     

A Simple Spectrofluorometric Assay to Measure Total Intracellular Magnesium by a Hydroxyquinoline Derivative

The intracellular behaviour of diaza-18-crown-6 appended with two H-substituted hydroxyquinoline groups (DCHQ1) was investigated to explore its application as a new sensor for the evaluation of cell magnesium content and distribution. We used five cells lines characterised by different contents of magnesium and different intracellular membrane-defined compartments. The main result is the definition of the appropriate experimental conditions to quantitatively assess the total cell magnesium by fluorescence spectroscopy. We showed that disrupting cells by sonication, DCHQ1 was capable to assess total cell magnesium in all cell types examined, obtaining overlapping results with atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). This new analytical approach requires very small cell samples and a simple fluorimetric technique, and can be a valid alternative to AAS. The fluorescent properties of DCHQ1 in living cells are: (a) it consistently stains live cells, (b) it discriminates small variations of cell Mg contents, (c) cell staining is stable for at least 30 min. We also investigated the role of lipophilic environment on DCHQ1 fluorescence by mimicking cell membranes and described how the composition and structure of lipid vesicles affect Mg-DCHQ1 fluorescence. Thus, DCHQ1 may offer important information also on magnesium distribution in living cells, providing a novel strategy to map the intracellular compartmentalization of this cation.

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定啤酒中砷的不确定度评估

对氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定啤酒中总砷含量的不确定度进行了评定。分析了方法中不确定度的来源,测量结果的不确定度由样品制备、校准曲线、重复性试验、平行试验等所引入的不确定度分量组成。评定结果表明,校准曲线是影响该方法不确定度的主要因素。     

利用新型荧光银纳米团簇实现谷胱甘肽的快速精确检测

谷胱甘肽(GSH)是一种含有巯基的三肽分子,参与许多细胞内生化过程,具有抗氧化和整合解毒功能,在生物体内以及医学,食品等领域有着极为重要的作用。GSH参与细胞内、体液中的许多重要生化反应,其在人体内含量的变化,相应地提示了人体的健康问题。目前对GSH的检测手段有表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)、电化学分析、高效液相色谱(HPLC)等,这些方法大都操作复杂、耗时较长或者需要昂贵的仪器。利用一种新型荧光银纳米团簇(Ag NCs)作为探针,通过同时分析银纳米团簇的荧光强度变化以及荧光峰位置移动实现了GSH的高精度快速检测。在检测过程中,GSH分子与荧光探针发生化学反应,改变了荧光探针的光化学特性,其荧光强度因发生猝灭而减弱,且其荧光峰位置因配体的改变也发生移动。通过对照组实验,我们进一步证明了所发展的检测方法对GSH目标具有很好的特异性,综合考察荧光强度和波长的变化数据可以很好地区分GSH以及其他结构类似的分子,同时探针对于多种盐离子及氨基酸等不敏感,能够很好地保证检测的准确性。我们报导的荧光探针合成步骤简单,过程绿色环保,GSH检测的响应速度快、光谱波动较小、相对误差小。进一步的研究有望实现细胞内的GSH高精度检测及成像。     

直接光度法测定啤酒中微量铁

以低铁啤酒作为标准系列溶液的基体 ,抗坏血酸直接还原标准系列溶液和啤酒样品中三价铁为二价铁 ,在 p H=4 .5条件下与邻菲口罗啉络合显色 ,分别测量其吸光度进行定量分析。该方法与等离子体发射光谱法、有机相富集火焰原子吸收光谱法比较结果无显著差别 ,加标回收率为 96 %— 1 0 7%。     

Industriall Control of the Filtration in the Beer Manufacturing Process

In the aim to improve the filtration process in the beer ma nufacture, a study on the beer turbidity have been made using two different techniques: nephelometry and V-UV spectrometry. Even though the former is the most commonly used, we propose the use of V-UV spectrometry since it is possible to follow the performace - of all the filtration line, not only in a punctual way but in a - wide range of wavelenghts. From the results of this work we deduce that V-UV spectrometry offers a better quality of results than nephelometry, being more useful in rutin periodic controls.     

Studies of Benzothiazole and Benzoselenazole Squaraines as Fluorescent Probes for Albumins Detection

Series of squaraine benzothiazole and benzoselenazole dyes were studied as possible fluorescent probes for the detection of proteins, particularly albumins. It was shown that majority of the studied squaraines give significant fluorescent response on the human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin presence. For squaraine dyes with N-hexyl pendent groups (P-1, P-2, P-3, P-5) about 100−540-fold fluorescence intensity increase upon albumins addition was observed. At the same time in presence of other proteins, namely insulin, avidin from hen egg white, immunoglobulin G (IgG), carbonic anhydrase fluorescence enhancement values were considerably lower —up to 43 times in IgG presence. It was noted that generally, squaraines with long N-hexyl pendent groups demonstrate higher emission increase values upon proteins addition comparing with their analogues with short N-ethyl tails. It was shown that fluorescence intensity enhancement for benzothiazole squaraine dye P-3, relates linearly to the HSA concentration over the wide range—from 0.2 to 500 μg/ml. Together with noticeable selectivity of this dye to albumins, existence of wide dynamic range gives possibility to propose P-3 dye as probe for HSA quantification.