粘聚裂纹扩展的强化有限元h型网格自适应模拟

非连续变形分析和非规则节点处理是基于单元细划的粘聚裂纹扩展网格自适应模拟的关键。首先,利用强化有限单元法中数学单元和物理单元分离的特点,通过引入过渡单元,将适用于非连续变形描述的数学模式覆盖法和方便处理非规则节点的物理模式重构法结合,提出了强化有限单元法的统一关联法则,并导出了相应的单元列式。其次,基于数学裂纹尖端影响域和裂尖单元尺寸,提出了基于强化有限单元法的粘聚裂纹扩展过程模拟的h型网格自适应策略。最后,通过两个算例验证了本文方法的合理性和有效性。     

非均质材料热传导问题的扩展有限元法

针对非均质材料,提出了以导热系数为基本参数的热传导扩展有限元法。划分网格时不需要考虑材料界面的存在,因此网格的形成可以大大地简化,且可以获得高质量的网格。不含材料界面的单元,其温度场函数将退化为常规有限元的函数。含材料界面的单元,采用基于水平集的加强函数加强常规温度的近似,加强函数用于模拟界面。数值算例结果体现了该方法...     

考虑材料循环塑性的疲劳裂纹扩展模拟

提出了一种考虑材料循环塑性性能的研究疲劳裂纹扩展与闭合行为的有限元模拟方法．对所选用的循环塑性本构关系进行了基本实验检验．探讨了在疲劳裂纹扩展有限元分析中网格尺寸的影响，给出了网格优化准则．研究了在循环硬化条件下考虑裂纹合效应时裂纹面张开廓形、裂纹尖端应力、应变场和正反向塑性区的演变规律．对于循环硬化和不同循环应力比Ｒ等因素对裂纹张开应力水平的影响也作了考察     

基于泛形理论的裂纹扩展路径模拟

材料断裂面的泛形特征是由于材料内部不均匀造成的．本文利用纳米压痕实验测得的弹性模量随机样本,得到了表示材料非均匀特性的Weibull统计分布参数;对含裂纹的HT250试件的裂纹扩展过程进行了基于扩展有限元法的数值模拟,在此结果上计算了裂纹扩展路径的泛形复杂度,模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好;分析了铝合金7075不同均质度对非均匀模型裂纹扩展的影响．研究结果表明,灰口铸铁的Ⅰ型裂纹扩展路径具有泛形特征,裂纹的泛形复杂度依赖于材料的非均匀性且呈负相关关系．该研究方法也适用于其他应力应变呈单值关系材料的裂纹扩展分析．     

基于单元破裂的岩石裂纹扩展模拟方法

传统离散元方法在处理破裂问题时, 采用界面上的准则进行判断, 裂纹只能沿着单元边界扩展. 当物理问题存在宏观或微观裂隙时, 在界面上应用准则具有其合理性; 而裂纹沿着单元边界扩展, 使得裂纹路径受网格影响较大, 扩展方向受到限制. 针对上述情况, 可以基于单元破裂的方式, 构建连续- 非连续单元法, 并应用于岩石裂纹扩展问题的模拟. 该方法在连续计算时, 将单元离散为具有物理意义的弹簧系统, 在局部坐标系下由弹簧特征长度、面积求解单元变形和应力, 通过更新局部坐标系和弹簧特征量, 可进一步计算块体大位移、大转动, 连续问题计算结果与有限元一致, 同时提高了计算效率. 在此基础上, 引入最大拉应力与莫尔—库伦的复合准则, 判断单元破裂状态和破裂方向, 并采用局部块体切割的方式, 在单元内形成初始裂纹. 裂纹两侧相应增加新的计算节点, 同时引入内聚力模型描述裂纹两侧的法向、切向作用与张开度及滑移变形之间的关系. 按此方式, 裂纹尖端处的扩展路径可穿过单元内部和单元边界, 在扩展方向的选取上更为准确. 最后, 通过三点弯曲梁、单切口平板拉伸、双切口试样等典型数值试验, 模拟裂纹在拉伸、压剪等各种应力状态下的扩展问题, 并对岩石单轴压缩试验的破坏过程进行模拟, 分析裂纹形成与应力—应变曲线各阶段之间的对应关系. 结果表明: 连续—非连续单元法通过单元内部破裂的方式, 可以显示模拟裂纹萌生、扩展、贯通直至形成宏观裂缝的过程.      

裂纹扩展独立于网格的一种有限元单元子划分方法

提出了一种有限元模拟裂纹扩展的单元子划分结合子结构的方法.该方法中,裂纹可以进入或穿过一个单元,或沿单元的边界扩展,因此裂纹可以沿任意路径扩展而不受初始网格的限制.对上述几类包含裂纹的单元按照裂纹的路径进行子划分,覆盖一条裂纹的所有子划分单元就组成了一个子结构,子结构规模随裂纹的扩展而增大.子结构中因单元子划分而新增的结点自由度,通过自由度的凝聚用初始网格结点的自由度表示,因此结构整体分析的总自由度不变.以上述方法为基础建立了裂纹萌生和扩展的准则.用论文的方法分析了单(双)材料无限大平面中心(界面)裂纹的裂尖场,验证了论文方法的精度,并模拟了颗粒复合材料中微裂纹在颗粒、基体和界面中逐步扩展的过程,考核了论文方法对复杂裂纹扩展问题模拟的适用性.     

基于自适应网格的材料渗透系数设计

采用基于单元(结点)密度为设计变量进行结构和材料的拓扑优化设计时,有限元网格的密度对优化设计有很大影响. 在以渗透系数为目标进行材料微结构设计时,为了较好地描述单胞中的流固边界,需要将单胞划分为很小的网格,进一步增加了有限元计算和优化分析的规模. 为了降低计算规模, 研究了基于自适应网格的逆均匀化方法,以最大化各向同性等效渗透系数为目标,进行材料微结构设计. 优化迭代过程中,对单胞中流固界面处的网格进行自适应加密,降低优化问题的计算规模. 采用这一算法,对不同初始密度分布得到的单胞优化结果虽然不同,但具有相同的材料微结构,一定程度上说明了该方法的有效性.      

非共面双裂纹扩展相互作用的试验及模拟

对非共面双裂纹进行了疲劳试验,分析认为其裂纹扩展属于三型复合型裂纹;建立了双裂纹结构有限元模型,通过计算裂纹前端应力强度因子并结合复合型裂纹的扩展特性及断裂准则,对裂纹相对尺寸、相对位置对其扩展的影响以进行了研究。结果表明:当偏移距离与较长裂纹尺寸的比值大于较短裂纹尺寸与较长裂纹尺寸的比值时,裂纹间相互作用较小,对疲劳寿命几乎没有影响;反之裂纹间相互作用较大,将会减少疲劳寿命。     

模拟裂纹扩展的单位分解扩展无网格法

单位分解扩展无网格法(PUEM)是一种求解不连续问题的新型无网格方法.其基于单位分解思想,通过在传统无网格法的近似函数中加入扩展项来反映由裂纹所产生的不连续位移场.详细描述了水平集方法,PUEM不连续近似函数的构造及控制方程的离散.针对裂纹扩展问题,提出了一种十分简单的水平集更新算法;讨论了不同的节点数、高斯积分阶次以及围线积分区域对应力强度因子计算结果的影响,并给出了合理的参数;模拟了边裂纹和中心裂纹的扩展问题,并与XFEM的数值结果进行了比较.数值算例表明,本文方法具有较高的计算精度,是模拟裂纹扩展非常有效的方法,具有广阔的应用前景.     

非均匀脆性材料数值试验CA计算模型

以自动元胞机CA(Cellular Automata)理论为基础,提出了一种CA计算模型,模拟混凝土、岩石等非均匀脆性材料的开裂过程,研究分析材料的变形性质和力学性能。文中给出了空间随机杆件方向余弦常量,推导了等效杆件截面面积计算公式,并通过数值试验证明了方法的有效性。     

Crack growth under plane stress conditions in an elastic perfectly-plastic material

Mode-I crack growth under conditions of generalized plane stress has been investigated. It has been assumed that near the plane of the crack in the loading zone, the simple stress components corresponding to a central fan field maintain validity up to the elastic-plastic boundary. By the use of expansions of the particle velocities in the coordinate y, and by matching of the relevant stress components and particle velocities to the dominant terms of appropriate elastic fields at the elastic-plastic boundary, a complete solution has been obtained for ε_y in the plane of the crack. The solution applies from the propagating crack tip up to the moving elastic-plastic boundary. The strain fields for a self-similar crack nucleating at a point and for steady-state propagation of a crack have been considered as special cases.     

Crack propagation in the power-law nonlinear viscoelastic material

I.IntroductionCrazingdamageisacommonphenon1enonoffractureofpolymericmaterials.Theformationofcrazezoneisamid-stateinthefractureprocessofthematerialsfromperfectstatetofaiIurc.Microscopically,inthisregionthereexistssomefibrilslinkingthetwocracksurfacesandres…     

颗粒材料柱体崩塌物质点法数值模拟

为了研究颗粒材料崩塌的运动规律和堆积特性,采用物质点法对颗粒材料柱体崩塌试验进行数值模拟,并将模拟结果与试验结果进行对比验证。对颗粒材料柱体崩塌过程中颗粒的流动特性(滑动距离、堆积高度、速度、能量和动能通量的演化)进行了分析。进一步探究了颗粒材料柱体高宽比对颗粒流动能通量的影响,从而反应颗粒材料柱体崩塌过程中颗粒流的破坏能力。颗粒材料柱体高宽比越大,颗粒材料柱体外侧边缘颗粒速度越大,其溃散的程度更加强烈,并且滑动距离和动能均在增大。对于动能通量的分布,水平方向越靠近初始颗粒材料柱体,动能通量越大。     

Influence of heat transfer and fluid flow on crack growth in multilayered porous/dense materials using XFEM: Application to Solid Oxide Fuel Cell like material design

An advanced numerical model is developed to investigate the influence of heat transfer and fluid flow on crack propagation in multi-layered porous materials. The fluid flow, governed by the Navier–Stokes and Darcy’s law, is discretized with the nonconforming Crouzeix–Raviart (CR) finite element method. A combination of Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) and Multi-Point Flux Approximation (MPFA) methods is used to solve the advection–diffusion heat transfer equation in the flow channel and in the fluid phase within the porous material. The crack is assumed to affect only the heat diffusion within the porous layer, therefore a time splitting technique is used to solve the heat transfer in the fluid and the solid phases separately. Thus, within the porous material, the crack induces a discontinuity of the temperature at the crack surfaces and a singularity of the flux at the crack tip. Conduction in the solid phase is solved using the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) to better handle the discontinuities and singularities caused by the cracks. The XFEM is also used to solve the thermo-mechanical problem and to track the crack propagation. The multi-physics model is implemented then validated for the transient regime, this necessitated a post processing treatment in which, the stress intensity factors (SIF) are computed for each time step. The SIFs are then used in the crack propagation criterion and the crack orientation angle. The methodology seems to be robust accurate and the computational cost is reduced thanks to the XFEM.     

Crack front pinning by design in planar heterogeneous interfaces

The propagation of an interfacial crack front along the weak plane of a thin film stack is considered. A simple patterning technique is used to create a toughness contrast within this perfectly two-dimensional weak interface. The transparency of the specimens allows us to directly observe the propagation of the purely planar crack obtained during a DCB (double cantilever beam) test. The effect on the crack front morphology of macroscopic unidimensional patterns in the direction of propagation is studied. In these weak pinning conditions, the geometry of the front quantitatively agrees with the first-order expansion proposed by Gao and Rice [1989. First-order perturbation analysis of crack trapping by arrays of obstacles. J. Appl. Mech. 56, 828-836] which accounts for the effect of the interfacial crack front geometry on the stress intensity factor.     

Crack growth in bi-material laminates

Growth rates of fatigue cracks have been measured in laminates fabricated by adhesively bonding layers of 2024-T351 and 7075-T6 aluminum alloys. The laminates had either two or four layers, with equal thicknesses and numbers of layers of each alloy. Fatigue-crack-propagation tests were performed with through-cracks, giving a crack-divider geometry, the results being compared to those for the two alloys tested in monolithic form. Crack-propagation rates in the bi-material laminates were intermediate between those of the monolithic alloys, with the slower growth in 2024-T351 tending to dominate over a portion of the growth-rate range. Fracture toughnesses of the laminates are also discussed.     

Fatigue crack growth simulation in coated materials using X-FEM

In the present work, the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) is used to study the effect of bi-material interfaces on fatigue life in galvanised panels. X-FEM and Paris law are implemented in ABAQUS software using Python code. The XFEM method proved to be an adequate method for stress intensity factor computation, and, furthermore, no remeshing is required for crack growth simulations. A study of fatigue crack growth is conducted for several substrate materials, and the influence of the initial crack angle is ascertained. This study also compares the crack growth rate between three types of bi-materials alloys zinc/steel, zinc/aluminium, and zinc/zinc. The interaction between two cracks and fatigue life, in the presence of bi-material interface, is investigated as well.     

Crack growth in hydraulic rock fracturing

Various mining processes involve the injection of liquid under pressure into existing or newlyproduced points; examples are hydraulic fracturing in oil, fracturing in coal seams, and oil displacement at elevated pressures [1, 2]. Studies have been made [3, 4] of vertical and horizontal crack growth in response to a noninfiltrating liquid. In those cases, the actual pressure distribution in a joint was replaced by the statically equivalent uniform pressure on part of the joint surface. Here we propose a treatment that handles such topics reasonably effectively and does not involve the assumption of uniform pressure distribution. A system of equations has been derived for a vertical symmetrical crack to define the Cauchy problem for the crack volume. The quasistatic equilibrium condition for the crack and the solution are very much simplified if a system of mobile elliptical coordinates related to the crack is used. An analogous approach has been used in examining the growth of a circular horizontal crack.     

爆炸焊接界面波物质点法三维数值模拟

基于冲击动力学和爆炸焊接理论,采用物质点法对爆炸焊接界面波的形成进行三维数值模拟。通过数值模拟结果与爆炸焊接实验结果的对比,对复合界面材料的塑性流动变形以及界面波形成的机理进行探讨。结果表明:界面波是因为在碰撞点处的金属材料发生熔化并产生涡旋流动形成的;同时也说明采用物质点法模拟爆炸焊接界面波的形成是可行的。