二氧化钛纳米管阵列光电催化测定地表水化学需氧量

利用TiO2纳米管阵列(TNAs)TNAs和薄层反应器(TCR)体积小、传质快、反应时间短的特点,建立了光电催化测定地表水化学需氧量(COD)的新方法.本方法对于地表水COD值的测定呈线性关系,线性回归方程为Qnet=-0.18105ThCOD+0.15444,r=0.9903,检出限为0.30 mg/L;RSD<5%;分析时间<2 min,适宜pH范围是4～10,Cl-不干扰.通过地表水实际水样分析表明,本方法能够克服重铬酸钾法(CODCr)和高锰酸钾指数法(CODMn)的缺陷,测定结果可靠,稳定,重现性好,能够准确、快速地测定地表水的COD含量,是一种极值得推广应用的测定COD的新方法.     

Ag2SO4-CuSO4 催化-微波消解快速测定炼油污水中化学需氧量

以Ａｇ２ＳＯ４－ＣｕＳＯ４为催化剂,探讨了微波消解测定炼油污水中化学需氧量（Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ Ｏｘｙｇｅｎ Ｄｅｍａｎｄ,ＣＯＤｃｒ）的方法。确定了微波消解测定炼油污水ＣＯＤｃｒ的最佳条件;消解功率、消解时间、混酸介质Ｈ３ＰＯ４－Ｈ２ＳＯ４用量、催化剂配比等。用该方法测定炼油水各处理装置出水 的ＣＯＤｃｒ,与经典的ＣＯＤｃｒ回流法所得结果一致。方法适用于临控生产过程。     

提高化学需氧量比色法测定准确度的研究

HACH密封消解比色法测定化学需氧量(COD) 即在传统的COD测定方法[1]基础上,采用密闭条件消解试样, 比色法测定, 具有批量分析、快捷简便等优点,统计检验表明,COD快速测定法与标准回流法比较,其分析结果无显著性差异,在准确度、精密度方面与标准回流法具有可比性.     

水质监测中BOD5与COD值相关性研究

通过对大量水质监测数据进行分析整理，得出不同水质的BOD5与COD值之间的线性回归方程，由线性回归方程预测出的BOD5值进行验证，无论BOD5与COD线性关系显著与否，若用预测的BOD5值作为中间值，只需估算出一个稀释比就可以满足BOD5的测定要求。     

基于超声-分光光度法的快速COD检测法研究

针对水质化学需氧量(COD)快速检测法稳定性差、检测条件要求高,应对突发水质事件反应慢的问题,提出了一种超声波辅助消解(UASD)作用下结合分光光度法(SP)的COD快速检测方法:UASD-SP法。通过超声波的空化作用在常温常压下快速消解待测水样;结合分光光度法检测消解后溶液得出COD值。用标准邻苯二甲酸氢钾溶液绘制工作曲线时,经UASD-SP方法测已知COD理论值的葡萄糖、乙酸、乙酸钠溶液的COD值的准确度在-2.7%~2.3%之间,并发现UASD法的水样最佳消解时间为4 min;采用UASD-SP法对实际污水样品(经稀释COD值500 mg/L)测得的COD值与国标法测值对比,其准确度在-5.4%~-2.1%之间,重复性RSD在0.42%~2.8%之间。     

光催化氧化法测定地表水化学需氧量的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法在石英管上制备了纳米TiO₂膜, 并采用光催化氧化法建立了一种测定地表水化学需氧量(COD)的新方法. 以Ce(IV)作为纳米TiO₂光生电子的接受体, 从而减少了纳米TiO₂光生电子和光生空穴的复合, 提高纳米TiO₂的光催化氧化能力. 以测定Ce(IV)的紫外吸收为手段探讨了光催化氧化测定COD的机理, 考察了测定COD的最佳反应条件. 实验结果表明, 该方法条件温和, 不会造成二次污染, 能够实现地表水等低COD值水样的快速准确测定. 在该实验所选择的条件下, 可准确地测定1.0～12 mg?L^－1之间的COD值, 检测限为0.4 mg?L^－1.     

一种新的光催化氧化体系用于化学需氧量的测定研究

基于KMnO₄能获得光生电子从而提高半导体光催化氧化能力的原理,建立了一种用纳米ZnO-KMnO₄协同体系光催化测定化学需氧量(COD)的新方法,探讨了催化氧化测定COD的机理,考察了测定COD的最佳反应条件.COD值浓度在1.5～10mg/L范围内与信号呈良好的线性关系,检测限为0.5mg/L.用本方法测定实际水样,结果和标准高锰酸盐指数法(COD_Mn法)相符.     

自动电位滴定法测定炼油工业污水中的氯离子

介绍自动电位滴定法测定炼油工业污水中氯离子含量。炼油工业污水样品经加热煮沸、双氧水氧化等预处理后,通过调节使其pH=2～6,以硝酸银标准溶液为滴定剂,在自动电位滴定仪上进行电位滴定。试验表明,本方法可以用来测定带色度的炼油工业污水样品,且对样品的酸碱度无苛刻要求,过量的双氧水不影响测定结果,不同浓度的标准样品其测定结果与其标称浓度无显著性差异。     

双中间体库仑法测定化学耗氧量

本文研究了一种测定水样中化学耗氧量(COD)的新方法——双中间体库仑法(以下简称(DIC法)。方法基于在1.2M HNO_3和1.5M H_2SO_4混合介质中。电生CeⅣ作氧化剂以消化水样样品,过量的CeⅣ以电生FeⅡ反滴,根据所消耗的电生CeⅣ的时间而算出COD值。并将该法与高锰酸钾标准方法进行了比较。文中还对电生CⅣ和FeⅡ的电流效率以及影响电流效率的因素进行了讨论;也对某些纯有机化合物的COD值及氯离子对测定COD的影响进行了研究。DIC法操作简便、快速、重现性好,便于仪器化,可用于测定天然水及任何污水样品的COD。     

吸附剂除氯微波消解测定化学需氧量

提出了无汞快速微型测定化学需氧量COD的新方法，在恒温140℃密封的石英玻璃－聚四氟乙烯反应管中，水样中的氯离子在酸性溶液中，以HCl气体形态释放出来，被悬挂在反应管中的铋碱吸附去除氯后微波消解4min，电位法测定COD值。研究了回流除氯时间，温度，吸附剂用量对去氯率的影响，以及微波消解条件，酸介质，催化剂对COD测定的影响，方法应用于环境污水等样品的分析，与标准方法对照，准确度和精密度均无显著性差异，具有环境友好，快速，微型等特点。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.