一混沌模型系综模拟研究

用随机模拟方法研究了化学混沌模型的介观动力学。对该混沌模型的系综模拟发现,在这种不稳定运动中存在强烈的内部涨落,然而由于混沌运动整体上的稳定性,使得系综中的代表点被限制在混沌吸引子上,并且单个代表点形成的随机轨道很好地保持了确定性混沌吸引子的基本特征。     

基于混沌自适应粒子群人工神经网络的气体在聚合物中的溶解模型

为提高溶解预测模型的效率和关联度, 建立基于混沌理论、自适应粒子群优化(PSO)算法和反向传播(BP)算法的混沌自适应PSO-BP神经网络模型, 并对二氧化碳(CO₂)在聚苯乙烯(PS)和聚丙烯(PP)中、氮气(N₂)在PS中的溶解度进行预测试验. 模型选用压力和温度作为输入参数, 使用试探法确定隐含层结点个数为8, 输出为预测的溶解度. 模型融合混沌理论、自适应PSO和BP算法各自的优势, 提高了训练速度和预测精度. 结果表明, 混沌自适应PSO-BP神经网络有很好的预测能力, 预测值与实验值相当吻合, 通过与传统BP神经网络和PSO-BP神经网络的比较可知, 其预测精度和相关性均明显较优, 预测平均绝对误差(AAD), 标准偏差(SD)和平方相关系数(R²)分别为0.0058, 0.0198和0.9914.     

AAM机理对一类神经元混沌的控制作用

利用在混沌控制中, AAM机理既不需要对体系的状况有太多了解、也不需要借助于外加信号的作用这个优点,来对一类神经元混沌模型进行混沌控制。通过调整自适应参数γ的值,得到一系列对应的控制混沌轨道。     

人工神经网络与化学混沌控制

非线性化学反应体系表现出复杂的动力学行为，诸如振荡，混沌和孤子等，本文介绍自８０年代后期以来化学混沌控制领域所的主要方法，ＯＧＹ方法，Ｐｙｒａｇａｓ的延迟自反馈法和神经网络法。     

化学自催化混沌反应模型中的耦合作用与混沌同步

选用混沌自催化反应作为子系统,构造了耦合自催化反应系统,研究了耦合变量、耦合系数对混沌动力学行为的影响,给出了不同耦合系数下系统的动力学特征,探讨了耦合作用机制.结果表明,耦合作用能明显地改变子系统的动力学行为,强化系统间的相关性.耦合后的混沌运动受到调整与抑制,耦合强度加大时,呈现出混沌运动轨线的周期化,耦合系数大于临界值,两子系统实现了完全的同步.不同变量的耦合时,影响最大的是第二种变量.对于三种物质均有耦合时,更容易出现混沌的抑制、运动状态的锁相与周期化和混沌的完全同步.     

He-N2O偶极矩面及振转跃迁强度的理论研究

用超分子MP4方法和大基组(aug-cc-pVTZ)及键函数得到He-N₂O体系的分子间从头算势能面及偶极矩面,用离散变量表象方法计算了⁴He-N₂O及³He-N₂O体系的振转能级,并进一步计算得到其振转跃迁强度,计算结果很好地解释了实验现象.     

第ⅢA族金属叠氮多聚体结构和性质的理论研究

在DFT-B3LYP/SDD水平上计算研究了第A族金属叠氮多聚体(Me₂MN₃)_n(n=1～3,M=Ga,Al)的结构和性质.多聚体(Me₂MN₃)₂,3的各优化构型均为环状,通过一子体系叠氮基的α-N和另一子体系的金属Ga或Al相连.二聚体(Me₂MN₃)₂中含M2N2平面四元环结构,三聚体(Me₂MN₃)₃具有结合能相近的扭船式和椅式两种构象,均含M₃N₃六元环结构.与单体相比,多聚体的几何参数变化较大.报道了它们在不同温度下的热力学性质,发现叠氮二甲基镓和铝体系以二聚体形式存在.     

实验控制Belousov-Zhabotinsky-CSTR化学混沌反应

用两种方法来控制在连续流动釜式反应器(CSTR)中的Belousov-Zhabotinsky(BZ)化学混沌反应:(1)自适应延迟时间反馈控制方案;(2)线性自相互作用控制方案。第一种控制方案是一种微扰控制,并能将BZ-CSTR化学混沌稳定控制到其内嵌的不稳定周期轨道(UPO)上去。这种方法的优越之外可以由系统延迟时间的自适应调节得以显示。第二种控制方案可以驱动BZ-CSTR混沌动力学到达一系列规则的动力学状态,这些动力学状态可能并不是混沌轨道中内嵌的本征轨道。在控制BZ-CSTR化学混沌反应的实验中,这两种方案显示出了很大的灵活性和有效性。     

BF3·OEt2作为催化剂与合成子在有机合成中的应用进展

BF₃·OEt₂作为一个催化能力非常优秀的典型路易斯酸催化剂,在催化偶联、环化和重排等方面发挥着重要的作用,广泛应用于天然产物、医药分子和其他功能分子的合成中.有趣的是,当有水存在时,BF₃·OEt₂能与水结合成为布朗斯特酸,也能够促进偶联、加成等反应的进行.同时,BF₃·OEt₂不仅仅局限于催化反应,亦可作为合成子,较温和地构建含B原子、F原子以及BF₂结构分子的化合物,在催化配体、荧光分子领域等有着重要的作用.以BF₃·OEt₂的催化反应类型和其作为合成子的应用为依据,综述了近年来其在有机合成中的应用.展望未来,人们将会对其性能与应用有更多的了解,发展出更多催化体系和合成子应用.     

Eu2+离子在BaF2-xREF3体系中的f→f跃迁发射

研究了Eu²⁺离子在BaF_2-xREF₃体系中的荧光光谱结构,当RE=La,Gd,Y,Lu和Sc时,降低温度或适当改变基质中阳离子间摩尔比都观察到了EU²⁺的f→f跃迁尖峰发射。     

Potential flux landscapes determine the global stability of a Lorenz chaotic attractor under intrinsic fluctuations

We developed a potential flux landscape theory to investigate the dynamics and the global stability of a chemical Lorenz chaotic strange attractor under intrinsic fluctuations. Landscape was uncovered to have a butterfly shape. For chaotic systems, both landscape and probabilistic flux are crucial to the dynamics of chaotic oscillations. Landscape attracts the system down to the chaotic attractor, while flux drives the coherent motions along the chaotic attractors. Barrier heights from the landscape topography provide a quantitative measure for the robustness of chaotic attractor. We also found that the entropy production rate and phase coherence increase as the molecular numbers increase. Power spectrum analysis of autocorrelation function provides another way to quantify the global stability of chaotic attractor. We further found that limit cycle requires more flux and energy to sustain than the chaotic strange attractor. Finally, by detailed analysis we found that the curl probabilistic flux may provide the origin of the chaotic attractor.     

Chaos induction using a reference model assisted control

A stable period two orbit in the parametric vicinity of a chaotic attractor is prevented from being reached, via the exclusion of trajectories from its near vicinity using a reference model based control strategy. This results in the inception of sustained chaotic dynamics. The reference model control strategy includes a predictive term enabling delimitation of precluded zones for the system dynamics. This technique for promotion of chaotic behavior is illustrated by using an experimental electrochemical cell involving the potentiostatic electro-dissolution of copper in phosphoric acid.     

Dynamics from time series: Iteration maps in correlation space

The attractor for the dynamics of a complex system can be constructed from the time series measurement of a single variable. A recently proposed procedure is to construct a covariance matrix using an embedding window on the time series. An analysis of the meaning of the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix of the time series is undertaken here. It is argued that each principal eigenvalue can be decomposed into components which describe the time evolution of the correlations of the system along the given principal direction. A one-dimensional iterative map of these components can be constructed in correlation space. Such a map displays the regular or chaotic nature of the dynamics for each principal direction of the attractor. Illustrative examples of such maps are constructed for regular and random time series and for the Lorenz attractor.     

N2O分解反应中复杂动力学行为的模拟

在多相催化反应中，自ZO多年前第一次在实验中观察到反应的振荡现象以来，现已发现在许多催化反应中都存在振荡现象山．N。O分解是一个振荡反应问．我们在用MonteCarloMC）方法研究N20分解反应机理时，曾发现反应速率和表面覆盖度在一定条件下都会出现振荡现象＊．非统性理论的研究表明，体系内部只要存在非线性的相互作用就可能表现出一些复杂的动力学行为，如振荡和混饨等．N。O分解反应中的振荡行为，也是由于体系内部非线性相互作用的结果·本文用非线性动力学的方法研究N。O分解反应中表面氧覆盖度的振荡行为，发现振荡在一定条…     

The transient dynamics leading to spin turbulence in high-field solution magnetic resonance: a numerical study

The dynamics under the joint action of radiation damping and the distant dipolar field in high-field solution magnetic resonance are investigated. Different dynamical regimes during the evolution are identified and their individual features are discussed. In the steady state, the dynamics can be associated with a strange attractor in phase space on which the motion is chaotic. The possibility of the observed chaotic motion being spatiotemporal is examined.     

Chaotic transients in surface-stabilized smectic C* cells induced by magnetic field

Recent theoretical developments regarding the understanding of weakly chaotic transients in ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs), induced by electric field, are studied in terms of the interaction with magnetic field. Our research is related with the nonlinear dynamical system represented by a thin film of surface-stabilized FLC in smectic C* phase, and subjected by the swinging magnetic field. The computation of the Lyapunov exponents from the dynamic equation for the director field reveals that the director dynamics exhibits limit cycle, hyperchaotic attractor and strange attractor behavior in the dissipative nonlinear media. The transients between director’s phase space trajectories can be handled by the magnetic field parameters. The fundamental understanding of the director dynamics may have a valuable contribution to the applications of thin liquid crystal films.     

Chaoticity of some chemical attractors: a computer assisted proof

In this paper we study dynamics of two chemical attractors. By means of computer assisted proof, we show that these chemical attractors are chaotic in terms of positive entropy. We prove that the fourth power of the Poincaré map derived from one chemical attractor and the second power of the Poincaré map derived from the other chemical attractor are semi-conjugate to the 2-shift map, therefore the entropies of the two Poincaré maps are not less than log 2 and log 2, respectively. The positivity of entropies of these two maps shows that the corresponding attractors are chaotic.AMS subject classification: 34D15, 34D35, 37C10     

Mechanism of nitromethane liquid membrane oscillator containing sodium oleate

The oscillatory behavior of a liquid membrane oscillator with anionic surfactant was investigated in order to understand the oscillation mechanism at the molecular level. As a theoretical framework, an approach based on chemical kinetics laws has been used. The chosen system involved nitromethane with 2,2(')-bipyridine as liquid membrane. The aqueous donor phase contained sodium oleate and butanol, while sodium chloride was added to the aqueous acceptor phase. It was established that the oscillations take place exclusively at the aqueous acceptor phase/membrane interface. Therefore, liquid membrane oscillators with anionic surfactants behave the same way as oscillators with cationic surfactants as to the location of oscillations. An oscillation mechanism involving three stages is proposed and confirmed by numerical simulations. The oscillations of electrical potential differences between the two aqueous phases are produced by sudden adsorption and desorption of anionic surfactant in solvated form and butanol at the acceptor/membrane interface. The whole process is controlled by the slow diffusion of these species across the liquid membrane. The chaotic character of the oscillations was demonstrated by Lyapunov exponents obtained from the strange attractor of the system.     

Global topological approach to highly excited vibration: a case study of H2O, CH2Br2 and CD2Br2

A global topological approach based on the algebraic coset representation to study highly excited molecular vibration is proposed. The algorithm allows us to elucidate ample highly excited vibrational dynamics from a global viewpoint. Topics for highly excited states studied include (1) global topological structures, (2) global symmetric and antisymmetric characters, (3) resonance overlaps and chaotic motion, (4) action transfer coefficients and (5) survival probabilities denoting the decaying of the action stored in a mode, with sample calculations for H₂O, CH₂Br₂ and CD₂Br₂.