Extraction of sulfuric acid with TOPO

A study on solvent extraction of sulfuric acid by tri-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) in n-heptane has been made. Extraction coefficients of H₂SO₄ as a function of H₂SO₄ concentration in aqueous phase, and extractant concentrations in organic phase have been studied. The composition of extracted species, equilibrium constants of extraction reaction have been evaluated. These results are important for interpreting extraction equilibrium data of uranium(VI) or other metal ions with TOPO in sulfuric acid media.     

Extraction of uranium(VI) from nitric acid solution with hexyloctylsulfoxide (HxOSO)

The thermodynamic extraction of uranium(VI) with hexyloctylsulfoxide (HxOSO) has been studied. It was found that the distribution ratio increases with increasing nitric acid concentration up to 2.3 mol/l and then decreases. The distribution ratio also increases with increasing extractant concentration. The extracted species appears to be UO₂(NO₃)₂ ^.2HxOSO. The influences of temperature, sodium nitrate and oxalate concentrations on the extraction were also investigated, and the thermodynamic functions of the extraction reaction were obtained.     

Extraction of uranium(VI) from nitric acid solution by N,N-dibutyldodecanamide

The partition of uranium(VI) between nitric acid solutions and solutions of N,N-dibutyldodecanamide (DBDA) in kerosene has been investigated at varying concentrations of nitric acid, extractant, salting-out agent LiNO₃ and at different temperatures. The mechanism of extraction is discussed in the light of the results obtained.     

Extraction of uranium(VI) and thorium(IV) from nitric acid solution by N-alkylcaprolactam

Extraction of uranium(VI), thorium(IV) from nitric acid has been studied with N-octylcaprolactam and N-(2-ethyl)hexylcaprolactam. Distribution coefficients of U(VI), Th(IV) and HNO₃ as a function of aqueous NHO₃ concentration, extractant concentration and temperature have been studied. The compositions of extracted species, thermodynamic parameters of extraction have been evaluated. Third phase formation in extraction of U(VI) has been studied. Back extraction behavior of U(VI) and Th(IV) from the organic phase has also been tested. The results obtained are compared with those obtained by using TBP under the same experimental conditions.     

Platinum catalyzed reduction of uranium(VI) with hydrazine in sulfuric acid media

The process of platinum-catalyzed uranium(VI) reduction with hydrazine in sulfuric acid media has been studied. The influence of sulfuric acid and hydrazine concentrations, and temperature on the reaction rate were investigated. A new reaction mechanism is proposed. The process allows to obtain pure U(IV) sulfate solutions with concentrations of up to 0.3 mol·l^–1. Further increase of initial U(VI) concentrations is limited by the reductant solubility in sulfuric acid media.     

Extraction and spectrophotometric determination of uranium(VI) withN-phenylcinnamohydroxamic acid

Uranium(VI) reacts withN-phenylcinnamohydroxamic acid to form an orange-yellow complex in the pH range 5.5–8.5. The orange-yellow complex, having the composition of 12 (metal:ligand), is quantitatively extractable into ethyl acetate. The spectrum of the complex exhibits a maximum absorption at 400 nm with a molar absorptivity of 6500 M^–1·cm^–1. The coloured system obeys Beer's law in the concentration range 2–40g·ml^–1 of uranium(VI). The photometric sensitivity of the colour reaction is 0.037 g·cm^–2 of uranium(VI). Most of the common ions do not interfere and the method has been found to be simple, precise, and free from the rigid control of experimental conditions. The method has been applied to the determination of uranium in synthetic matrices and potable water.     

Extraction of uranium(VI) with octyldodecylsulfoxide (ODoSO)

Complexes of Hf with polyaminopolycarboxylic acids viz. diethylene-triamine-penta-acetic acid (DTPA) and its dimethoxy derivative DMDTPA have been studied using paper chromatography at different acidities. Kinetic stabilities of the complexes have also been looked at. Behaviors of these two ligands in complexing with Hf(IV) have been found to be similar. The extent of complexation reduces slowly with acidity and increase with time and reaches a maximum around 70-80% after about 24 hours.     

Extraction of uranium(VI) and plutonium(IV) with dihexylbutyramide and dihexylisobutyramide from nitric acid medium

The extraction of uranium(VI) and plutonium(IV) was carried out with two isomeric monoamides, dihexylbutyramide (DHBA) and dihexylisobutyramide (DHIBA) from nitric acid medium, usingn-dodecane as diluent. The possibility of separation of the two metal ions from each other without valency adjustment was attempted. U(VI) was extracted as its disolvate, while Pu(IV) was extracted as its trisolvate. From the variation of distribution ratio with temperature, it was shown that the extraction reaction was enthalpy controlled in all the cases.     

Extraction of uranyl(VI) ion with N,N-diethyloctadecanamide from nitric acid solution

The extraction of U(VI) with newly synthesized alkylamide, N,N-diethyloctadecanamide (DEODA), has been studied. The dependence of the extraction on nitric acid concentration, DEODA concentration and temperature from nitric acid solution has been considered. The extracted species has also been investigated using FT-IR spectrometry. The related themodynamic functions were calculated.     

Extraction of uranium(VI) with bis(octylsulfinyl)methane

The liquid-liquid extraction of uranium(VI) from aqueous nitric acid with bis(octylsulfinyl)methane (BOSM) has been studied over a wide range of conditions. The extracted species appear to be UO₂(NO₃)₂·2BOSM. It was found that the extraction increased with increasing nitric acid concentration up to 8.5 mol/l and then descreased. Extraction also increased with increasing extractant concentration. The influence of temperature and salting-out agent concentration on the extraction equilibrium has also been investigated, and the enthalpy of the extraction reaction was estimated.     

Extraction of neptunium(VI) from nitric acid solution with di(1-methyl-heptyl) methyl phosphonate

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - The extraction behaviors of Np(VI) from nitric acid medium by di(1-methyl-heptyl) methyl phosphonate (DMHMP) diluted in kerosene has been...     

Interaction of uranium(VI) with phthalic acid

Phthalic acid, a ubiquitous organic compound found in soil, water, and in domestic and nuclear wastes can affect the mobility and bioavailability of metals and radionuclides. We examined the complexation of uranium with phthalic acid by potentiometric titration, electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. Potentiometric titration of a 1:1 U/phthalic acid indicated uranyl ion bonding with both carboxylate groups of phthalic acid; above pH 5 the uranyl ion underwent hydrolysis with one hydroxyl group coordinated to the inner-sphere of uranium. In the presence of excess phthalic acid, ESI-MS analysis revealed the formation of both 1:1 and 1:2 U/phthalic acid complexes. EXAFS studies confirmed the mononuclear biligand 1:2 U/phthalic acid complex as the predominant form. These results show that phthalates can form soluble stable complexes with uranium and may affect its mobility.     

Complexation of uranium(VI) with acetohydroxamic acid

The advanced separation extraction process based on tri-n-butyl phosphate organic phase called UREX is being developed to separate uranium from fission products and other actinides, and the acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) is employed to reduce and complex plutonium and neptunium in order to decrease their distribution to the TBP-organic phase. In this study, the extraction of uranium was performed from various aqueous matrices with different concentrations of HNO₃, LiNO₃, and AHA. Extraction of uranium increases with increasing both initial HNO₃ and total nitrate concentration. UV-VIS spectrophotometry confirmed that AHA is involved in the complex of uranium with TBP.     

Adsorption of uranium (VI) from aqueous solution by tetraphenylimidodiphosphinate

The adsorption of uranium (VI) using tetraphenylimidodiphosphinate (Htpip) was studied. Factors of affecting sorption efficiency have been investigated and results showed the adsorption of uranium (VI) was equilibrium at pH 4.5, time 20 min, adsorbent dosage 0.005 g and initial concentration 50 mg L^?1 reaching 99.86 mg g^?1 of adsorption capacity and 99.86% of removal efficiency. Additionally, the interfering ions studies showed that the adsorbent possessed excellent adsorption selectivity of uranium (VI). The surface morphology of Htpip was investigated by SEM. The adsorption process of uranium (VI) onto Htpip fit the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm model very well.     

Distribution of Pu(VI) from nitric acid to tri-n-butyl phosphate saturated with uranium(VI)

Solvent extraction of plutonium(VI) from nitric acid (1 to 5M) into 20% and 30% TBP in dodecane saturated with uranium(VI) (0% to 80%) has been studied. For a particular nitric acid concentration, the distribution coefficient (K _d ) is found to decrease with the increase in saturation of organic phase with uranium(VI). At a fixed organic phase the saturationK _d increased with increase in nitric acid concentration, however, the magnitude of this increase inK _d decreased with the increase in saturation.     

Removal of uranium(VI) from aqueous solution using sponge iron

Direct reduced iron (DRI), also called sponge iron, was used for the removal of U(VI) from aqueous solution. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of various factors including contact time, solution pH, DRI dosage and initial uranium concentration on this removal process. The result suggested that U(VI) can be rapidly removed by DRI and this removal process followed an apparent first-order reaction kinetics. The optimum pH for uranium removal was between 2.0 and 4.0. Whether U(VI) can be fully removed was influenced by the molar ratio of DRI to U(VI) in solution. The aqueous U(VI) can be removed completely when this ratio was more than ca. 1,000. The U(VI) removal capacities of DRI decreased with increasing DRI dosages at a constant concentration of U(VI), but increased almost linearly with increasing initial U(VI) concentrations at a fixed dosage of DRI. The maximum U(VI) removal capacity was 5.71 mg/g DRI. Finally, the possible mechanism of U(VI) removal by DRI was also discussed. The XPS and XRD analysis showed that U(VI) was deposited as UO₃ onto DRI surface, indicating that U(VI) can be removed without reduction.     

Comparative studies on co-extraction of uranium(VI) and different mineral acid from aqueous feed solutions using TBP,TOPO and TOA

Equilibrium and kinetics of co-extraction of hexavalent uranium and mineral acids from aqueous solutions into a hydrocarbon phase (paraffin) using tri n-butyl phosphate (TBP), tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) and tri-n-octyl amine (TOA) has been studied. Relative rates of extraction of uranium(VI) and mineral acid by different complexing ligands were measured simultaneously using bulk-liquid membrane system. Acid extraction by complexing ligands was found to be significant. Wherever there was a possibility of the formation of the third phase, isodecanol was used as an organic phase modifier. Study revealed that isodecanol promotes acid extraction and substantially reduces distribution coefficient of U(VI) into the hydrocarbon phase. The rate of acid extraction by different ligand was in the order of TOPO > TOA > TBP–isodecanol > TBP, whereas the rate of extraction of uranium(VI) was in the order TOPO > TOA > TBP > TBP–isodecanol. A kinetic model was developed to predict concentration of acid and U(VI) in the feed, organic and the strip phase during extraction. The mass transfer coefficients for acid and metal were determined by fitting the model to the observed concentration–time data.     

Extraction of uranium(IV) and uranium(VI) by primary and tertiary-amines from sulphate solutions

In developing a method for possible low level isotopic enrichment, which uses to advantage the equilibrium isotope effect observed during U(1V)-U(VI) electron exchange reaction in sulphate solutions, details of a solvent extraction process involving high concentration of a mixture of U(IV) and U(VI) and at low acid concentrations, are described. The extraction behaviour of uranium under these conditions is discussed. During the extraction with amines, U(IV) tended to get oxidised in sulphate solutions.     

Sorption of uranium(VI) from aqueous solution using nanomagnetite particles; with and without humic acid coating

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) and iron oxide nanoparticles with humic acid coatings (Fe3O4/HA) were investigated for the removal...