Energy transfer between azulene and krypton: comparison between experiment and computation

Trajectory calculations of collisional energy transfer between excited azulene and Kr are reported, and the results are compared with recent crossed molecular beam experiments by Liu et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 123, 131102 (2005); 124, 054302 (2006)]. Average energy transfer quantities are reported and compared with results obtained before for azulene-Ar collisions. A collisional energy transfer probability density function P(E,E'), calculated at identical initial conditions as experiments, shows a peak at the up-collision branch of P(E,E') at low initial relative translational energy. This peak is absent at higher relative translational energies. There is a supercollision tail at the down-collision side of the probability distribution. Various intermolecular potentials are used and compared. There is broad agreement between experiment and computation, but there are some differences as well.     

Interactions between a lipase and charged surfactants--a comparison between bulk and interfaces

The interaction between a charged surfactant and a lipase has been investigated by several methods. Interactions in aqueous bulk phase was studied by NMR and by microcalorimetry. Surface tension and neutron reflectivity were used for studies at the air-water interface. Interactions at the interface between a hydrophobic solid surface and water was investigated by ellipsometry. The results obtained are as follows. The cationic surfactant, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (iodide in the NMR experiments), showed strong interaction at the air-water and the hydrophobic solid-water interfaces but no clear indication of an interaction in bulk phase was seen. The anionic surfactant showed no interaction with the lipase neither at the interfaces, nor in bulk. The difference in behavior of the system cationic surfactant-lipase in bulk and at the interfaces may be due to the change in enzyme conformation that is known to occur at interfaces between water and an apolar phase.     

Hydrogen bond formations between pyrazine and formic acid and between pyrazine and trichloroacetic acid

The hydrogen bond formations between pyrazine and formic acids and between pyrazine and trichloroacetic acids were studied through observation of the Raman and infrared spectra for mixture of pyrazine and formic acid and also mixture of pyrazine and trichloroacetic acid at 77 K. It was observed that the mutual exclusion principle held for the Raman and infrared spectra of both mixtures, even for the spectra of the samples whose mixing mole ratio of acids was very low. This fact clearly indicates that the hydrogen bonded molecule does not exist in the form of formic acid-pyrazine or trichloroacetic acid-pyrazine whose geometry belongs to the Cs point group, but exists in the form of formic acid-pyrazine-formic acid or trichloroacetic acid-pyrazine-trichloroacetic acid belonging to the C(i) point group.     

Interactions between a surfactant and cavitand in water blur distinctions between host and guest

The complexation of a water-soluble cavitand and sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles is studied using NMR diffusion ordered spectroscopy.     

Reaction between diorganodichlorosilanes and catechol

The reaction of diorganodicylorosilanes with catechol gives benzo-2, 2-diorgano-2-sila-1, 3-dioxacyclopentanes. It is shown that such heterocyclic compounds are always formed in the reaction, no matter what the sizes of the organic groups on the silicon atom.     

Relationship between rate and distance

The activation energies for four Smiles reactions vary with the distance squared between the nucleophilic and electrophilic atoms (consistent with theoretical considerations and pertinent to organic and enzymatic catalyses).     

Somewhere between fiction and reality

The influence of various experimental conditions such as sample weight, atmosphere and heating rate on the decomposition of NH₄VO₃, CaCO₃ and V₂O₅ has been investigated. Results obtained clearly indicate that the course of the reactions and — in turn — the kinetic parameters, are not intrinsic to the particular compound and that they characterize rather the combination of experimental conditions and investigated compound. Such a situation makes it almost impossible to choose standard conditions for the calculation of kinetic parameters, because under different circumstances quite different reaction-pathways can occur.On leave from Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.     

左旋紫草素与溶菌酶相互作用的研究

利用荧光猝灭方法结合紫外光谱(UV)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和圆二色性光谱(CD),在模拟生理条件下研究了左旋紫草素和溶菌酶的结合常数、主要作用力以及左旋紫草素对溶菌酶二级结构的影响.在温度为296、303和310 K时,根据Scatchard方程测得左旋紫草素和溶菌酶的结合常数分别为3.022×104、1.894×104、0.958 1×104 L·mol-1,结合位点数分别为0.98、0.76、0.68;焓变(ΔH)和熵变(ΔS)分别为-14.78 kJ/mol、24.26 J/(mol·K),结果表明其主要作用力为疏水性和静电作用力.同步荧光和紫外光谱研究进一步证明左旋紫草素与溶菌酶有着较强的结合,左旋紫草素对溶菌酶的荧光猝灭为多种机理同时存在,并根据F(o)rster能量非辐射转移理论测得结合位置与色氨酸残基间的距离r为4.62 nm.CD和FT-IR研究显示,左旋紫草素使溶菌酶的二级结构发生了变化.该文为左旋紫草素在人体内的储存、运输、作用机理及临床试验提供了具有指导作用的信息.     

Interaction between CO and O

The reaction between carbon monoxide and atomic oxygen was studied in a gas flow over a temperature range of 136 to 230°C at atmospheric pressure. The rate constant of this reaction, considered to be one for a second-order reaction, was found to decrease with increasing temperature and to depend on the ratio of O₂ to CO that was varied from 0.11 to 2.69. A conclusion was made that under the experimental conditions the reaction was third order The rate constant of this reaction was determined for a mixture of O₂ and CO and it was found that the efficiency of O₂ as particle M is four times that of CO.     

双氢杨梅素与G-四链体的相互作用研究

双氢杨梅素(DMY)是从药用植物——广西藤茶中提取出来的一种含量极高的二氢黄酮醇类化合物, 具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、调节血糖等作用, 但其抗肿瘤机理尚不清楚. 本文利用T_m值和CD光谱对G-四链体进行了表征, 利用电子吸收光谱和竞争性结合实验研究了DMY与G-四链体的相互作用. 结果显示DMY是通过外部堆积结合到G-四链体, 并通过稳定G-四链体结构而抑制端粒酶活性, 起到抗肿瘤的作用.     

Interactions between water and polystyrene

Water equilibrium in glassy polystyrene (T_g = 343 K) is described. Water content increases with increasing temperature and increasing water vapour pressure. The heats and entropies of mixing show that the polymer contains both free water and water sorbed on the chains, in small but approximately equal amounts; no noticeable clustering takes place.     

喜树碱与胰蛋白酶的相互作用

喜树碱(camptothecin,CPT)是从珙桐科乔木喜树中分离得到的一类重要抗癌药物,对动物肿瘤及白血病均有明显的抑制作用[1]。CPT分子为五环结构,含有一个吡咯[3,4-b]喹啉环,一个共轭吡啶环和一个α-羟基六元内脂环[2]。CPT通过嵌合抑制DNA拓扑异构酶Ⅰ的活性,对卵巢癌、结肠直肠癌     

纳米CdS与明胶蛋白质的相互作用

利用荧光光谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱研究了pH＝12.0及不同温度下, CdS纳米晶与明胶结合反应的光谱行为, 实验发现在明胶溶液中CdS的生成对明胶的内源荧光有较强的猝灭作用. 用Lineweave-Burk方程处理实验数据, 发现CdS与明胶发生反应生成了配合物, 结合红外和紫外-可见吸收光谱结果, 属于静态荧光猝灭; 计算了不同温度下反应的结合常数K (285 K: 1.07×104 L•mol－1; 292 K: 9.69×103 L•mol－1; 299 K: 8.06×103 L•mol－1)及对应温度下结合反应的热力学参数(ΔrHm＝－14.18 kJ•mol－1; ΔrGm＝－21.98/－22.28/－22.36 kJ•mol－1; ΔrSm＝27.36/27.74/27.36 J•K－1•mol－1), 证明二者主要靠静电作用力结合. 根据Förster的偶极-偶极非辐射能量转移原理计算出结合位置距离色氨酸残基4.09 nm, 发生分子内的非辐射能量转移. 为探讨纳米颗粒与此类生物大分子之间相互作用的化学机制提供了重要的信息.     

铝与盐酸及铁与硫酸反应现象的澄清

铝箔和盐酸反应时,盐酸中产生的大量灰色悬浊物被误认为是硅,实际是铝。铁片置于稀硫酸中表面立即变黑,该黑色物质被识认为是碳,实际是铁。     

肿瘤和微量元素的关系

采用量子共振检测仪测定了２５例恶性肿瘤患者、２５例良性肿瘤者和２５例无肿瘤人头发中Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ、Ｓｅ的含量。结果表明,恶性肿瘤患者头发中的锌含量明显高于良性肿瘤患者（Ｐ〈０．００１）和无肿瘤人（Ｐ〈０．００１）,而Ｓｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｕ的含量明显低于良性肿瘤患者和无肿瘤人（Ｐ〈０．００１）。恶性肿瘤患者锌含量过高,而Ｓｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｕ含量过低,所以高锌是诱发癌症的危险因素,也是诱发良好肿瘤的因素,而Ｓ     

Nitroxide partitioning between styrene and water

Research into nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) performed in emulsions and miniemulsions has progressed significantly over the past several years. However, our knowledge of the conditions during polymerization (e.g., the nitroxide concentrations in the aqueous and organic phases) is incomplete, and as such we have yet to achieve a clear understanding of the mechanisms involved in these processes. To better understand the conditions present in heterogeneous NMRP, we measured the partition coefficients of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxy (TEMPO), 4‐hydroxy‐TEMPO, and 4‐amino‐TEMPO between styrene and water from 25 to 135 °C. Experiments were performed in a 250‐mL Parr reactor that was equipped for the simultaneous sampling of the aqueous and organic phases. Aqueous‐phase and organic‐phase nitroxide concentrations were measured with ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry. Experiments were also performed at 135 °C in the presence of hexadecane (costabilizer), polystyrene, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (surfactant) to determine the effects of the miniemulsion polymerization recipe ingredients on the partitioning of TEMPO and 4‐hydroxy‐TEMPO. On the basis of the measured partition coefficients (expressed as the ratio of the nitroxide concentration in the organic phase to the nitroxide concentration in the aqueous phase), 4‐hydroxy‐TEMPO was the most hydrophilic of the nitroxides investigated, followed by 4‐amino‐TEMPO and TEMPO. Hexadecane, polystyrene, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate did not have a significant influence on the partitioning of these nitroxides at 135 °C. Experiments with ethylbenzene instead of styrene demonstrated that thermally generated radicals were not responsible for the observed temperature effects on the measured partition coefficients. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1081–1089, 2001     

Complex Formation between Polyisoprene and Cyclodextrins

Summary: Polyisoprenes were found to form inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins with high selectivity to give crystalline compounds. β‐Cyclodextrin formed complexes only with polyisoprene of low molecular weight, whereas γ‐cyclodextrin formed complexes with polyisoprenes of high molecular weight. α‐Cyclodextrin did not form complexes with polyisoprene of any molecular weight. The yields of γ‐cyclodextrin complexes increased with increasing molecular weights of the polyisoprenes and reached a maximum of around several thousands, and then decreased.

Theoretical depiction of the complex formed between polyisoprene and γ‐CD, as determined by molecular modelling studies. The PIP chain is shown penetrating the γ‐CD cavity, which, in turn, accommodates one to 1.5 monomer units of PIP.     

Interaction between super-reduced cobalamin and selenite

The kinetics of the reaction between the two-electron reduced form of cobalamin (super-reduced cobalamin, cob(I)alamin, or Cbl(I)) and sodium selenite in an alkaline medium is studied spectrophotometrically. It is shown that the selenite rapidly oxidizes Cbl(I) to cob(II)alamin (Cbl(II)). It is established that the active form of the oxidant is the protonated selenite anion (HSeO₃^-), which receives six electrons during the reaction and transforms into HSe^–. The reactions of cob(I)alamin oxidation by selenite and sulfite are compared.