水下微穿孔吸声体结构设计与试验研究

根据马大猷院士的微穿孔板(MPP)理论,提出在可设计的夹芯复合隐身结构的空腔中附加微穿孔板层的水下微穿孔吸声体。基于微穿孔板的精确计算理论及水下声隐身结构的特点,考虑空腔深度、穿孔板厚度、穿孔直径及穿孔率等对微穿孔板吸声性能的影响,对水下微穿孔吸声体进行了结构设计。利用脉冲声管法对水下微穿孔吸声体试样的吸声系数进行了测量,结果表明:水下微穿孔吸声体有效地拓宽了低频吸声频带,其微穿孔板结构参数的影响规律也与理论分析一致;对于多种吸声机理并存的水下微穿孔吸声体的空腔个数、形状及谐振特性等也是影响吸声性能的重要因素,在实际的工程应用中必须结合所关心的频带对水下微穿孔吸声体进行匹配优化设计。      

一种含柱形空腔结构橡胶层的吸声机理及优化

采用有限元法,分析了含单层柱形空腔橡胶层(厚度20 mm)的吸声性能,表明其吸声峰频率比相同尺寸的球形空腔低,这与单个柱形和球形空腔的单极共振频率相对应,通过谐波散射分析证实了空腔单极共振引起的能量耗散增强了声波的吸收。采用能量耗散功率及位移场分布,对柱形空腔结构的吸声机理进行了深入分析.其次,在钢背衬条件下分析了横波损耗因子对橡胶层吸声特性的影响,并采用遗传算法对含不同尺寸柱形空腔橡胶层在1.5—10 kHz频段上的吸声特性进行了优化,获得了较好的宽频吸声效果.     

内嵌不同形状散射子的局域共振型黏弹性覆盖层低频吸声性能研究

最近研究表明,将声子晶体中的局域共振现象引入到水下吸声材料的设计中,可以观察到由局域共振引起的低频声吸收现象.为了进一步揭示局域共振低频吸声机理并获得更优的水下低频声吸收性能,研究了内嵌不同形状散射子的黏弹性声学覆盖层.利用晶格和散射子在空间排布的对称性,传统有限元方法得到简化,从而节约了计算时间和存储空间,并通过将简化有限元法计算得到的结果与传统有限元法计算的结果进行对比,验证了简化有限元方法的正确性.结合位移云纹图,考察了特定频率点上振动模态与相应的局域共振吸声峰之间的关系,揭示了内嵌圆柱形散射子的黏弹性覆盖层的吸声机理.进一步讨论了相同体积下不同形状的圆柱形散射子对黏弹性覆盖层吸声性能的影响,给出了提升覆盖层低频吸声性能的优化思路.通过讨论不同芯体材质对内嵌圆柱形散射子的黏弹性覆盖层吸声性能的影响,找到了改变第一共振峰位置的方法,从而可以通过调整第一共振峰来实现特定频率范围内的宽带吸声.     

含空腔的功能梯度声学覆盖层水下吸声特性

针对传统的声学覆盖层吸声频带窄的问题,基于功能梯度材料的特点提出了一种含空腔结构的水下功能梯度声学覆盖层结构,引入梯度有限元法建立了功能梯度型声学覆盖层的水下声学计算模型,研究了功能梯度声学覆盖层结构的水下吸声特性.与传统的功能梯度结构声学建模方法相比,在保证计算精度和计算效率的基础上,文中所建立的功能梯度结构声学计算...     

一种含圆柱形谐振散射体的黏弹材料低频吸声机理研究

利用层多重散射法分析了一种含圆柱形谐振散射体黏弹 材料吸声层在钢背衬条件下的低频吸声特性. 该吸声层由包覆软材料的圆柱空腔周期嵌入橡胶材料中构成, 其中, 散射体轴线与吸声层平行. 结果表明, 20 mm厚吸声层在1000–3000 Hz具有良好的吸声性能. 通过综合分析单个散射体的吸收截面、单层周期散射体的声吸收、 结构内部位移场以及耗散功率密度分布, 揭示了该吸声层的低频吸声机理. 关键词： 水声吸声 吸收截面 耗散功率密度     

空腔结构吸声器的吸声系数计算方法的研究

探讨计算空腔结构吸声器吸声系数的方法。以粘弹体能量守恒方程为基础导出吸声器各层媒质的表达式,用声波在分层吸收媒质中传播模型计算能量吸收系数。用所导出的等效密度、弹性模量表达式和文献1[声学学报,1965;2(4):192-197]、文献2[同济大学学报, 1979(1):96-104]所给的等效参数,分别计算了尖劈吸声器和空腔结构的尖劈吸声器的吸声系数,比较表明对于前者三种方法都有效,对于后者本文的结果与实测吸声系数曲线较符合,另两文与实验相差较大;又用本方法分别计算了平板吸声器含空腔及空腔结构变化时的吸声系数,所得结果合理地反映了空腔结构对吸声性能的影响;对原空腔结构吸声器的吸声系数模拟结果作了实验验证,表明计算值和测量结果基本相符。结果表明用本文所给等效参量表达式和声波在分层吸收媒质中传播模型,近似计算空腔结构吸声器的吸声系数是可行的。     

多重散射方法研究轴对称空腔覆盖层的声学特性

发展了一种多重散射方法研究声学覆盖层的半数值半解析模型,分析了影响轴对称空腔结构声学性能的主要能量耗散机制。在球坐标条件下推导出轴对称空腔结构的位移和应力场基函数,通过对空腔表面基函数的数值积分,得到散射波和入射波之间的传输矩阵方程,结合分层介质声传播理论计算了周期性空腔结构覆盖层的反射、透射和吸声性能。研究结果表明;空腔共振是低频能量耗散的主要形式,边界条件对材料空腔结构的谐振特性影响很大,利用双空腔耦合共振可以拓宽材料的低频吸声频带;背衬对材料的高频吸声影响较小,材料的高频能量损耗取决于空腔的散射和波型转换特性。      

含玻璃微球的黏弹性复合材料覆盖层的水下吸声性能分析

水下吸声覆盖层对潜艇的隐身具有重要的意义, 因此得到了广泛的关注. 本文对含有玻璃微球的黏弹性复合材料覆盖层的水下吸声性能进行了理论分析. 采用等效参数法计算了玻璃微球的体积含量对复合材料的力学和声学性能的影响. 应用声波在多层介质中传播的一维模型, 计算了不同玻璃微球体积含量的单层复合材料覆盖层的吸声性能.结果表明, 增加玻璃微球的体积含量可以提高覆盖层的低频吸声性能, 但是其高频吸声性能降低.采用遗传算法对玻璃微球在覆盖层厚度方向上的体积含量分布进行优化. 优化的多层结构可以在一定的频带内改善覆盖层的表面与水的声阻抗匹配, 在保证覆盖层的高频吸声系数大于某一限值(0.7)的前提下, 提高其低频吸声性能.另外, 多层优化结构覆盖层不含宏观的空腔结构, 不影响覆盖层的耐压性能.其结构简单, 对制备工艺的要求不高.因此, 本文形成的理论方法适用于水下吸声覆盖层的设计. 关键词： 水下吸声 黏弹性复合材料 玻璃微球 遗传算法     

载流弹性薄板结构吸声性能的研究

对弹性薄板吸声结构在水下的吸声性能进行了研究,推导了载流弹性薄板结构声阻抗的解析解。提出并计算了薄板结构的势能因子B_(nm)、动能因子A_(nm)和载流因子系数χ。得出薄板结构吸声性能严格的解析理论和幂级数近似表达式,本文获得的结果使薄板理论的吸声机理更加清晰,计算也更加简化。通过低频水声管对薄板结构进行了测试,测试结果和理论计算结果吻合得较好,验证了本文理论的正确性。     

一种含横向圆柱形空腔的声学覆盖层的去耦机理分析

在水下结构表面敷设去耦覆盖层是降低其声辐射的有效途径. 为了深入分析一种含横向无限长空腔的覆盖层的去耦机理, 本文将其等效为均匀介质, 建立了敷设这种覆盖层的单向基体板在线激励下的声辐射模型, 验证了计算模型的有效性, 并利用计算模型对含横向空腔覆盖层的去耦机理进行了分析. 研究结果表明: 基体板-覆盖层接触面的能量流以纵波能量为主, 而横波能量很小, 因而计算覆盖层的去耦特性时可以忽略横波的作用; 和均匀覆盖层相比, 横向空腔型覆盖层在中高频段极大地增强了基体板的力阻抗, 从而更有效地抑制了基体板的振速; 此外, 和均匀覆盖层相比, 横向空腔型覆盖层和水的阻抗失配更大, 使其在中高频具有良好的振动传递损失特性. 因此, 总体而言, 含横向空腔的覆盖层相比均匀覆盖层具有更好的中高频去耦性能.     

Experimental study of coupled vibration in a finite periodic dual-layered structure with transverse connection

The analytical equations of the transfer matrix method are further derived for the multi-coupled vibration of flexural and longitudinal waves in a periodic dual-layered beam structure with connection branches, with full consideration given to the flexural and longitudinal motions that are tri-coupled at each connection. Measurements of mobilities at the junctions on the uni-layered beam and the cross-layered beam are made. The numerical results agree well with the experimental results at all frequencies from 10 to 2000 Hz, which verifies the theoretical methodology for the multi-coupled vibration in a finite dual-layered beam. The cross-layer energy transmission is calculated, which reveals that the transmitted longitudinal energy is enhanced not only at the longitudinal resonant modes but also at the flexural resonant modes of the connection branches due to the structural wave coupling. The flexural energy is excited by wave coupling and becomes stronger at the longitudinal resonant modes and the flexural resonant modes of the connection branches. The cross-layer vibration motions from coupled waves in the branches can be effectively controlled by the attached cantilevers with mass at the resonance modes. This method can be used to control the structure-borne sound transmission in multi-layer beam structures.     

螺旋天线轴向长度对螺旋波传播、吸收的影响

采用有限元法数值求解Maxwell方程组,分析H-1仿星器实验参数下螺旋天线的轴向长度对螺旋波传播、吸收的影响。计算结果表明：随着螺旋天线轴向长度的增加,天线总辐射能量和辐射电阻逐渐增大;在H-1等离子体中螺旋天线主要激发m=±1模式波,其中m=-1模式波一般在等离子体边界传播;全波螺旋激发的波能量主要沉积在等离子体边界,导致等离子体径向能量较强的非均匀吸收,加热效果不理想;半波螺旋天线激发的波可深入主等离子体区域传播,等离子体径向能量吸收相对均匀,加热效果好。     

Transmission of low-frequency internal sound through pipe walls

Transmission loss measurements are reported for long steel pipes of circular crosssection, with air inside and out, excited by internal sound. At low frequencies (wavelength greater than the pipe diameter), most of the radiated sound is accounted for by pipe bending waves. In order to approach the much higher transmission loss predicted for pure breathing motion of the pipe, bending waves must be suppressed; this has been achieved for a straight pipe by careful isolation. A sharp 90 bend in the pipe is shown to cause significant bending-wave excitation when plane waves are incident on the bend.     

钢板-空气背衬上含空腔粘弹性材料层的声反射特性

本文研究声波从水中入射到粘弹性材料层-钢板-空气上的反射特性，运用分层介质中的波动理论研究粘弹性层均匀情况的声特性，运用有限元方法研究粘弹性层含空气腔结构情况的声特性。结果表明，改变粘弹性材料消声特性需要综合调整材料的弹性参数；粘弹性层内的空腔结构对声特性产生很大影响，改变其谐振特性和反射系数的收敛特性。文中以含圆锥腔、圆台等复合腔的结构粘弹性层为例，计算了其反射系数的频响特性、谐振模态，并分析了结构的影响。     

Vibration and parametric excitation in asymmetric circular plates under moving loads

The natural frequencies and modes of transverse vibration of circular plates containing small imperfections are determined through a perturbation method. Incision of equally spaced, equal-size radial slots at the rim of the plate creates asymmetry in some, but not all, of the vibration modes, and it causes the repeated natural frequencies of these modes in the symmetric plate to split into two distinct values. These vibration modes are called the split modes, and those associated with the repeated natural frequencies are called the repeated modes. A relationship identifying the split and repeated modes for any configuration of slots is presented. The vibration of a plate containing any number of thin slots cut into it at the rim and with any number of rotating linear springs is analyzed. Parametric instability can be excited in the split modes of the plate by the springs rotating below critical speed, but it cannot be excited in the repeated modes. The response of the plate in forms such as traveling or standing waves at parametric resonance is discussed. The theoretical predictions of split and repeated vibration modes and of the excitation of parametric instability are confirmed by experiments.     

Space harmonic analysis of sound radiation from a submerged periodic ring-stiffened cylindrical shell

An analytical method is developed to study radiated sound power characteristics from an infinite submerged periodically stiffened cylindrical shell excited by a radial cosine harmonic line force. The harmonic motion of the shell and the pressure field in the fluid are described by Flügge shell equations and Helmholtz equation, respectively. By using periodic theory of space harmonic analysis, the response of the periodic structure to harmonic excitations has been obtained by expanding it in terms of a series of space harmonics. Radiated sound power on the shell wall along the axial direction and the influence of different parameters on the results are studied, respectively. A conclusion is drawn that the stiffeners have a great influence at low and high frequencies while have a slight influence at intermediate frequencies for low circumferential mode orders. The work will give some guidelines for noise reduction of this kind of shell.     

弯管对末端带弹性障板充液管路辐射声能量的影响

基于声固耦合有限元方法建立了末端带弹性障板的充液管路数值模型,重点分析了不同激励下弯管对管口辐射声能量的影响.结果表明:弯管引入的高阶周向模式耦合使结构振动和流体声传播都发生明显改变,以致系统辐射声能量及主要能量贡献源也发生转移,并随激励方式和频率而不同.对本文管路模型,平面波激励下弯管系统在低频的结构辐射声能量明显增...     

Absorption of a rigid frame porous layer with periodic circular inclusions backed by a periodic grating

The acoustic properties of a periodic rigid frame porous layer with multiple irregularities in the rigid backing and embedded rigid circular inclusions are investigated theoretically and numerically. The theoretical representation of the sound field in the structure is obtained using a combination of multipole method that accounts for the periodic inclusions and multi-modal method that accounts for the multiple irregularities of the rigid backing. The theoretical model is validated against a finite element method. The predictions show that the acoustic response of this structure exhibits quasi-total, high absorption peaks at low frequencies which are below the frequency of the quarter-wavelength resonance typical for a flat homogeneous porous layer backed by a rigid plate. This result is explained by excitation of additional modes in the porous layer and by a complex interaction between various acoustic modes. These modes relate to the resonances associated with the presence of a profiled rigid backing and rigid inclusions in the porous layer.     

Use of multimode cavities with equidistant spectrum for increasing the energy accumulation rate of particles in linear supercolliders

We propose a new accelerating structure for teraelectronvolt linear electron–positron colliders [1–4]. The structure is based on acceleration of a sequence of particle bunches (accelerated beam) by means of a periodic system of quasioptical cavities. Each cavity is operated at several eigenmodes with equidistant frequencies which are excited by a drive beam bunched with the same spatial period as the accelerated beam. The accelerating field represents a time-periodic sequence of narrow peaks separated by wide intervals of a field close to zero. This makes it possible to significantly decrease the effective time of exposure of the structure surface by ultrahigh microwave fields compared with the single-frequency structure. To maximize filling of the structure by accelerating-field regions and minimize ohmic losses, we suggest using a set of modes with a nonzero number of longitudinal variations strictly proportional to the frequencies of these modes. Such modes are able to provide long effective interaction of the total microwave field with a bunch of particles passing across the cavity. In this way, the acceleration gradient averaged over the structure length can be increased. A variant of the accelerating structure which is based on two-mirror cavities with small curvature of the mirrors is proposed. Such cavities can provide approximate frequency equidistance of a large number of modes with nonzero longitudinal variations.     

Laser ultrasonic analysis of normal modes generated by a voltage pulse on an AT quartz sensor

Laser ultrasonic detection is a versatile and highly sensitive tool for the observation of surface waves. In the following study, laser ultrasonic detection is used for the experimental study of spurious normal vibration modes of a disk quartz sensor excited by a voltage pulse. The AT cut crystal (cut of the crystal relative to the the main crystallographic axis is 35.25 degrees) is optimal for generating mainly thickness-shear vibrations (central frequency 6 MHz) on the quartz surface. However, resulting from shear-to-longitudinal and shear-to-surface mode conversion, and from the weak coupling with the other crystallographic axes, other modes (thickness-compressional and bending modes) are always present in the plate response. Since the laser vibrometer is sensitive to normal displacements, the laser investigation shows waves that can be considered as unwanted for the AT quartz used as a shear sensor. The scanned three dimensional (3D) amplitude-space-time signals are carefully analysed using their representation in three dual Fourier domains (space-time, wave number-frequency). Results on the transient analysis of the waves, the normal bending modes and the dispersion curves are shown.