共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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卤化银微晶中光电子衰减谱的特性 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
光电子在卤化银材料潜影形成过程中发挥着重要的作用 ,光电子衰减行为在很大程度上决定于卤化银的晶体结构。采用光学与微波双共振技术 ,测量了自由光电子和浅俘获光电子的衰减谱 ,得到了卤化银中电子陷阱的密度和深度分布。以自由光电子寿命为纽带 ,通过分析掺杂卤化银晶体中电子陷阱的分布情况 ,可以确定浅电子陷阱掺杂剂的最佳掺杂浓度。 相似文献
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针对从散射谱反演颗粒尺寸分布测量中,由于衍射近似要求近前向取值而带来的反演噪声问题,提出了一种改进的方法.在Chin-Shifrin(C-S)积分变换反演中,插入一种调节函数使得噪声基本消失,又不至于影响反演谱的分布峰位置.对理想单分散颗粒群的模拟效果说明了该法的可行性.对以线阵CCD为接受器件的实验测量和反演结果显示... 相似文献
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AgX:I微晶的光电子衰减时间分辨谱测量 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用高时间分辨的微波吸收薄膜介电谱测量技术,采用自行设计的光电子时间分辨谱测量装置(时间分辨率达到1 ns),精确地测量了不同Agx:I材料在35 ps超短脉冲激光曝光后产生的自由光电子和浅俘获光电子随时间衰减的光电子衰减时间分辨谱,分析了不同的[I-]掺杂条件对材料光电子时间特性的影响关系,得到了影响Agx:I微晶光电子时间特性的最佳[I-]掺杂条件。对立方体AgCl乳剂来说,[I-]含量0.5%,掺杂位置80%Ag处时,乳剂的光电子寿命最长。而对T-颗粒AgBr乳剂而言,[I-]含量3%时,乳剂的光电子寿命最长。碘化物对光电子寿命增大的影响是由于碘化物离子可以作为缺陷电子陷阱,这就使得银簇上的反应减小,当碘化物大于3%时,这一效应由于碘化物团簇的形成而消失。 相似文献
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晶体摆动场的辐射衰减与能量增益 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
由于晶体弯曲、电子多重散射和晶格热振动引起的粒子退道,辐射同原子相互作用引起的电离损失,以及系统非线性引起的全局分叉与混沌行为等,晶体摆动场辐射面临的问题比自由电子激光要复杂得多。首先,引入晶体摆动场自发辐射谱分布,并在简谐近似下讨论了运动方程、系统增益和能量衰减。结果表明:一般情况下辐射谱只有少数几条谱线,而在简谐近似下,谱线只有一条。其次,指出了辐射能量比较高时,衰减是主要的,选择的晶体长度必须小于衰减长度,且可选择正电子或质子作炮弹;当辐射能量比较低时,退道是主要的,选择的晶体长度必须小于退道长度,且可选择重离子作炮弹。 相似文献
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韦伯分布在非线性寻优问题中具有较好的寻优精度和全局搜索能力,为此提出一种基于韦伯分布的布谷鸟搜索(WCS)算法来解决颗粒粒径分布反演的问题。使用WCS算法对服从Johnson’s SB分布、Rosin-Rammler分布和正态分布的单峰颗粒系和双峰颗粒系进行颗粒粒径分布的反演,并分别与其他传统算法的处理结果进行比较。结果表明,WCS算法的整体效果优于人工鱼群算法和人工蜂群算法,且改进后的4种重尾分布CS算法的标准差比原CS算法提升2~3个数量级。目标函数散射光能加入噪声后,WCS算法比其他三种重尾分布的相对均方根误差值至少可降低1/2。使用小角前向散射测量系统对单峰颗粒系和双峰混合颗粒系进行实验研究,发现WCS算法的相对均方根误差比原CS算法降低约为40%。 相似文献
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基于模式搜索的光谱消光粒径分布反演算法的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
发展快速有效的反演算法用于粒径分布的重建是颗粒测量领域重要的研究课题之一。在光谱消光法粒径测量中,提出将模式搜索算法用于独立模式下粒径分布的重建,同时引入Tikhonov平滑泛函构建算法的目标函数,为保证搜索过程的快速性和准确性,设计了关于初始点的优选策略。利用该算法测量国家标准颗粒体积平均直径的相对误差为3.14%,不超过国家标准物质局给出的±8%的范围,且粒径分布宽度合理,没有明显展宽和伪峰现象。与Phillips-Twomey方法和遗传算法的对比结果表明,在综合考虑反演精度和反演时间条件下,该算法具有明显优势,更适合于快速准确的现场测量,具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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室内测量了十六种浮游植物的吸收-衰减光谱,及其粒径分布和叶绿素a浓度。研究结果表明,粒径和单位细胞叶绿素浓度是影响浮游植物吸收和衰减系数量值的两个重要因素;粒径是决定衰减光谱形状的重要因子之一,粒径与衰减光谱斜率之间存在非单调的变化关系;粒径不是影响浮游植物吸收光谱的蓝-红波段比和光谱斜率的决定性因子,但是,藻细胞密度与粒径平方的乘积是决定吸收光谱斜率的关键量。适用于均匀球体颗粒的Mie散射理论能对粒径与浮游植物吸收光谱和衰减光谱间的相关关系进行阐释,该文研究的藻类其非均匀球体结构并没有从根本上改变粒径与吸收—衰减光谱间存在的内在规律。 相似文献
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R.L. Smith 《Ultrasonics》1982,20(5):211-214
An expression has been derived for the effect of the grain size distribution in polycrystalline materials on the frequency dependence of the ultrasonic attenuation. It has been shown that two specimens with the same mean grain size can have significantly different ultrasonic attenuations if their grain size distributions are different and that no unique solution in terms of the grain size exists for a particular ultrasonic attenuation against frequency curve. Qualitative agreement has been found between the theory and some of the experimental data available. 相似文献
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Calculation of Particle Size Distributions from Ultrasonic Measurements: A Mineral Slurry Case Study
Ultrasonic transmission measurements have been used extensively to determine the particle size of solids in slurries. This case study examines the application of mathematical inversion techniques to the determination of the particle size distribution of a mineral slurry from data collected at a minerals processing plant. A new mathematical inversion technique, based on an extension of modified Chahine iteration combined with the principle of maximum entropy has been developed. Four algorithms were constructed and used to calculate particle size distributions from synthetic and raw plant data. These incorporated modified Chahine iteration and its extension, together with two different approaches to applying a density measurement constraint on the particle size distribution. In general the algorithms performed well with regression errors below 3 %. The correlation coefficients and slopes for this technique were 0.86 and 1.35 for the weight fraction of particles less than 75 microns when compared with the laser diffraction analysis. A better match was obtained for the plant data by using the new inversion technique, into which the principle of maximum entropy has been incorporated whereas this was not the case with the synthetic data, illustrating the need to match the inversion technique to the problem. 相似文献
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This paper describes a novel approach to estimate broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) in a bone structure in human in vivo using coded excitation. BUA is an accepted indicator for assessment of osteoporosis. In the tested approach a coded acoustic signal is emitted and then the received echoes are compressed into brief, high amplitude pulses making use of matched filters and correlation receivers. In this way the acoustic peak pressure amplitude probing the tissue can be markedly decreased whereas the average transmitted intensity increases proportionally to the length of the code. This paper examines the properties of three different transmission schemes, based on Barker code, chirp and Golay code. The system designed is capable of generating 16 bits complementary Golay code (CGC), linear frequency modulated (LFM) chirp and 13-bit Barker code (BC) at 0.5 and 1 MHz center frequencies. Both in vivo data acquired from healthy heel bones and in vitro data obtained from human calcaneus were examined and the comparison between the results using coded excitation and two cycles sine burst is presented. It is shown that CGC system allows the effective range of frequencies employed in the measurement of broadband acoustic energy attenuation in the trabecular bone to be doubled in comparison to the standard 0.5 MHz pulse transmission. The algorithm used to calculate the pairs of Golay sequences of the different length, which provide the temporal side-lobe cancellation is also presented. Current efforts are focused on adapting the system developed for operation in pulse-echo mode; this would allow examination and diagnosis of bones with limited access such as hip bone. 相似文献
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The Effect of Attenuation Induced by Sand and Dust Storms on Ka-Band Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Along Earth-Space Paths 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yingxia Xu Jiying Huang Yingle Li 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》2002,23(11):1677-1682
Attenuation of millimeter waves induced by sand and dust storms along horizontal paths is analyzed and its expressions applied to earth-space paths is presented. Graphs of the specific attenuation and attenuation versus height and visibility are gotten for two kinds of particle size distribution, namely exponential, lognormal. Results obtained are briefly discussed. 相似文献
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采用概率统计方法——蒙特卡罗方法,建立一种预测液固两相体系中混合弹性球形颗粒声衰减的理论模型。在单颗粒声散射和吸收的基础上,将连续超声波抽象离散化为大量独立的声子,追踪声散射过程,通过统计接收器探测声子数最终确定声衰减系数。采用数值方法对单一球形颗粒的液固两相体系中声衰减进行预测和比较,确定了该方法的可行性后将该方法推广到混合颗粒体系中,对玻璃微珠/铁粉构成的混合颗粒及多分散混合颗粒体系进行数值研究。结果表明:在体积浓度低于10%时,蒙特卡罗法预测得玻璃微珠或铁粉颗粒声衰减和ECAH,Lloyd和Berry,Waterman等建立的模型结果吻合。对于混合颗粒构成的两相体系,算例中,随着体积浓度增大到10%,声衰减系数随混合颗粒数目比的变化呈现出了非线性的变化,同时颗粒物性也会影响不同组分颗粒对声衰减的贡献,算例中铁粉颗粒比玻璃微珠对声衰减的影响更大。 相似文献