中子深度定量分析的相对分析法

在中子深度分析中,为了定量分析样品中某种元素的含量,采用与标准样品测量范围内的总离子计数进行比对的方法,对相对定量分析技术进行研究.主要应用最小二乘法,根据实验情况,在能量展宽修正与深度分布反演的基础上,进行定量分析的理论公式推导与FORTRAN编程;并且进行了模拟实验数据研究,通过对样品中10B元素进行定量分析,验证相对定量分析方法的可行性.经验证,采用同类标准样品对未知样品的相同元素进行对比测量的定量分析法是可行的.     

基于Vega的红外图像仿真

介绍了红外成像仿真的基本理论,讨论了利用Vega传感器模块将输入的可见目标图像生成红外图像的技术。该技术使用Creator软件进行三维几何建模和纹理映射,使用TMM软件进行红外材质建模;然后,用Mat软件进行大气衰减的计算;最后,用SensorWorks软件进行传感器特性建模,通过光电转换生成红外图像。以阿帕奇AH6直升机为例进行了红外图像仿真,结果表明,利用Vega传感器模块进行传感器建模,建模效果较好,成本低,易于工程实现。     

实时数字图像无损压缩的研究

针对实时数字图像的无损压缩方法进行了分析,采用三级5-3整数提升小波变换,小波变换的高频和低频系数分别采用不同的编码方法。进行了基于DSP和FPGA的压缩系统结构设计,提出了软、硬件并行的方法。进行三级小波变换时,硬件结构能够实现在对当前级小波变换的同时进行前一级小波变换的高频系数编码,提高了压缩系统的实时性。并对压缩系统的关键技术进行了研究。可以对80MB/s的数字图像进行无损压缩,压缩比可以达到1.68~1.8左右。     

基于Vega的红外图像仿真

介绍了红外成像仿真的基本理论,讨论了利用Vega传感器模块将输入的可见目标图像生成红外图像的技术。该技术使用Creator软件进行三维几何建模和纹理映射,使用TMM软件进行红外材质建模;然后,用Mat软件进行大气衰减的计算;最后,用SensorWorks软件进行传感器特性建模,通过光电转换生成红外图像。以阿帕奇AH6直升机为例进行了红外图像仿真,结果表明,利用Vega传感器模块进行传感器建模,建模效果较好,成本低,易于工程实现。     

大学物理研究性实验探索

对笔者在物理实验教学过程中,所指导学生进行的一些具有创新性的研究性实验进行了探索、研究,归纳和总结,对学生进行研究性实验的情况进行了介绍,以供各位同仁师生参考。     

基于小波分解和因子分析的白酒香型和年份鉴定的研究

提出了一种基于小波分解和因子模型分析白酒荧光光谱,对白酒香型进行分类和年份预测的方法。白酒的三维荧光光谱包含了其所含荧光物质信息,对其进行小波分解,其分解系数与特征峰的强度相关。选取高斯小波对三维荧光光谱进行分解,可以避免对二维荧光光谱进行分解时需要选取特定激发波长的问题。对样品的三维荧光光谱进行小波分解后,选取第4层近似系数构建正交因子模型,通过因子载荷系数对白酒进行鉴别。结果指出,贡献率较小的因子蕴含着样品的独特信息,在相似样品的比较中,不容忽视。在对10个品牌的白酒进行香型分类时,先将样品的三维荧光光谱进行高斯小波分解,使用第4层近似系数进行因子分析,得到贡献率由大到小的多个因子。根据因子的载荷系数,对样品进行聚类分析。结果表明,加入贡献率较小的因子可以将正确率提高至90%。通过对因子载荷系数与年份的相关性分析得出,贡献率排在前六位的因子和白酒年份关系较大,而排在后面的因子和白酒年份的相关性较小,因此可以选取前六位的因子建立白酒年份预测模型。通过选取不同贡献率的因子对白酒年份进行预测,其平均误差可降低至0.9年。     

基于近红外光电技术的脑水肿无创监测方法

提出了基于近红外光电技术的脑水肿无创监测方法,对大鼠脑水肿的程度进行无创监测.阐述了监测设备的测量原理和系统组成,并对大鼠实验数据结果进行了分析.监测系统光源选用760 nm和程序850 nm的双波长发光二极管,通过恒流源电路驱动进行驱动.选用OPT101作为检测器,用锁相放大电路和滤波电路对所测信号进行处理.在LabVIEW环境下通过数据采集卡进行数据采集,并进行后期处理,该系统能够实时测量大鼠脑组织的血氧变化.利用该系统测量脑水肿模型的大鼠,分析了光强、血氧参量的变化与脑水肿变化的关系.研究结果表明近红外光电技术可应用于对大鼠脑水肿程度进行无损监测.     

主动光学中阻尼最小二乘法的精度估计

阻尼最小二乘法在主动光学研究中有重要的作用。针对主动光学的需要,就阻尼最小二乘法求解过程中参数进行精度估计,对待求量进行精度估计,以及将待求量代入原方程后的所得进行精度估计,对它们的方差进行了推导。     

巧用数学软件拟合物理实验数据

在本刊的上期中,《黑体辐射的Mathematica物理实验》一文讲述到,可以用Mathematica此款数学软件进行黑体辐射的模拟,除了能进行数据模拟外,还能对实验数据进行拟合,并且回归出一些物理学公式．     

弦振动实验数据处理与分析

通过对大量实验数据进行分析,同时采用Matlab软件对数据进行系统处理,并且利用Ori-gin软件作图并进行拟合,简单形象地展现了数据间的关系.以此为基础,分析总结了弦振动形成驻波的规律,并且对实验仪器进行了一定的测评.     

Energy Efficiency Analysis of the Discharge Circuit of Caltech Spheromak Experiment

The Caltech spheromak experiment uses a size A ignitron in switching a 59-$ muhbox{F}$ capacitor bank (charged up to 8 kV) across an inductive plasma load. Typical power levels in the discharge circuit are $sim$200 MW for a duration of $sim!! 10 muhbox{s}$. This paper describes the setup of the circuit and the measurements of various impedances in the circuit. The combined impedance of the size A ignitron and the cables was found to be significantly larger than the plasma impedance. This causes the circuit to behave like a current source with low energy transfer efficiency. This behavior is expected to be common with other pulsed plasma experiments of similar size that employ an ignitron switch.      

Analyzing the effects of post couplers in DTL tuning by the equivalent circuit model

Stabilization of the accelerating field in Drift Tube Linac（DTL） is obtained by inserting Post Couplers（PCs）. On the basis of the equivalent circuit model for the DTL with and without asymmetrical PCs, stabilization is deduced quantitatively： we let δω/ω0 be the relative frequency error, then we discover that the sensitivity of field to perturbation is proportional to √δω/ω0 without PCs and to δω/ω0 with PCs. Then we adapt the circuit model of symmetrical PCs for the case of asymmetrical PCs. The circuit model shows how the slope of field distribution is changed by rotating the asymmetrical PCs and illustrates that the asymmetrical PCs have the same effect as the symmetrical ones in stabilization.     

Coulomb Blockade of a Mesoscopic RLC Circuit

The quantum theory of the mesoscopic RLC circuit and the condition for Coulomb blockade are given by using canonical quantization and a unitary transformation from the classical equation of motion. Our results show that there is a threshold voltage _T in the circuit. The threshold voltage is related not only to the junction capacitance and inductance, but also to the resistance of the circuit. Generally speaking, the larger the resistance, the larger the threshold voltage. This clarifies the phenomenon of the Coulomb blockade of the dissipative mesoscopic circuit.     

Dependence of the maximal superconducting current on the resonance frequency in a shunted Josephson junction

We have analyzed the phase dynamics and current–voltage characteristics of a Josephson junction shunted by an LC circuit. When the Josephson frequency ω _J becomes equal to the natural frequency ω_rc of the formed resonance circuit, the I–V curve acquires additional branches. We have studied the features of the rc branch and the superconducting circuit for different values of the resonance frequency. It is shown that the maximal superconducting current through the Josephson junction on the rc-branch depends on the resonance frequency and is determined by the closeness of the end point of the rc branch to the critical current. We have determined the dependence of the maximal superconducting current on the resonance frequency for different values of the dissipation parameters. The limiting value of the maximal superconducting current is independent (to within 1%) of the parameters of the system.     

Tuning for the first 9-cell TESLA cavity of PKU

A method based on circuit model is used to tune the first home-made 9-cell TESLA type superconducting niobium cavity at Peking University. After tuning, a flat field profile with a final π-mode frequency within 3 kHz of target frequency is achieved. The field flatness is measured by a bead-pull method, and the relative electric field is calculated from the frequency shift perturbed by the bead stepping along the axis of the cavity.     

基于非线性电阻的RLC混沌电路实验分析

给出了一种含非线性电阻的RLC混沌电路,并通过实验分析了电路中的“双涡卷”混沌现象,使学生更深入地了解电路中的混沌概念。     

Correlation of the neutron yield from the plasma focus upon variations in the magnetic field energy of the discharge circuit

The relation between neutron yield Y and magnetic field energy variations ΔW in the discharge circuit has been studied for a Mather-type plasma-focus camera. The activation technique (activation of silver isotopes) has been used to measure the integral yield of DD neutrons from the source. The time dependence of the neutron yield has been recorded by scintillation detectors. For the device used in the investigations, the neutron yield exhibits a linear dependence on variations in the magnetic field energy ΔW in the discharge circuit at the instant of neutron generation. It is also found that this dependence is related to the initial deuteron pressure in the discharge chamber.     

Synchronization of the fractional-order generalized augmented Lii system and its circuit implementation

In this paper, the synchronization of the fractional-order generalized augmented Lti system is investigated. Based on the predictor--corrector method, we obtain phase portraits, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponent spectra, and Poincar6 maps of the fractional-order system and find that a four-wing chaotic attractor exists in the system when the system pa- rameters change within certain ranges. Further, by varying the system parameters, rich dynamical behaviors occur in the 2.7-order system. According to the stability theory of a fractional-order linear system, and adopting the linearization by feedback method, we have designed a nonlinear feedback controller in our theoretical analysis to implement the synchro- nization of the drive system with the response system. In addition, the synchronization is also shown by an electronic circuit implementation for the 2.7-order system. The obtained experiment results accord with the theoretical analyses, which further demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed synchronization scheme.     

基于窄脉冲传输的脉冲展宽IGBT驱动电路

设计了一种采用高压隔离脉冲变压器传输窄脉冲,然后应用脉冲展宽电路实现宽脉冲驱动信号输出的无源IGBT驱动电路。采用正电压turn-on窄脉冲和负电压turn-off窄脉冲组合传输的方式以减小高压隔离脉冲变压器的体积和重量,脉冲展宽电路使IGBT在turn-on脉冲上升沿导通,在turn-off脉冲上升沿关断,且其具备储能功能,无需高压隔离辅助直流电源为其供电。脉冲信号发生电路和过流保护电路耦合设计,使IGBT在正常关断和过流保护关断情况下,其栅极都处于反压偏置状态,以提高IGBT关断的快速性和可靠性。将驱动电路用于级联Marx高压电路中IGBT开关的驱动,turn-on脉冲和turn-off脉冲的脉宽均选择为2 μs,结果表明,Marx电路在输出脉冲电压峰值为20 kV时工作稳定,且脉宽在3.5~50 μs之间连续可调,等离子体负载下的输出电压和电流波形显示,打火情况发生时,过流保护电路工作稳定可靠。该驱动电路可有效实现宽脉冲驱动信号的产生,具有较强的可靠性和实用性。     

基尔霍夫定律中的“独立回路”

对电路理论基尔霍夫定律中“独立回路”概念进行讨论,提出较为合理的独立回路的概念,并运用线性代数、几何方法、拓扑图论等方法,分别对平面电路网络和立体电路网络进行讨论,证明在此规定下基尔霍夫方程的独立性和解的确定性.