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晶体表面的扩散和缺陷对晶体振动模式的影响是表面物理学研究的一个重要和基本的课题.晶格振动的频率对应于系统的能带.由于晶格中原子的振动不是孤立的,并且晶格具有周期性,所以在晶体中形成格波.格波代表晶体中所有原子都参与的频率相同的振动,又常称为一种振动模.本文讨论在表面吸附位势系数β_0与晶体内部原子的周期位势系数β不同的情况下,晶体表面吸附一个质量为m_0(与晶格原子质量m不同)的原子以后晶格的振动模.采用不变本征算符方法,严格地导出此振动模为ω=((2β(1-coshα))/(hm))~(1/2),其中α=ln[-(mβ_0+m_0(-2β+β_0)+(β_0)~(1/2)((-4mm_0β+(m+m_0)~2β_0))~(1/2)/2m_0β].此结果表明,ω不但取决于吸附位势与吸附原子的质量,也与晶格原子的质量与内位势有关. 相似文献
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目前不变量本征算符方法已成功地解决了某些量子系统哈密顿量能级问题.对于二维耦合量子谐振子,利用这一方法可以非常简捷有效地给出其能级信息,而不需要使其哈密顿量对角化.计算结果表明,不同耦合形式的二维耦合量子谐振子的能级间隔是不同的. 相似文献
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以参数化方式「y」=(q^y-1)/(q-1)定义q玻色湮灭算符aq,生成相应的q相干态,找出能产生并保持这类q相干态的体系的哈密顿量。研究了α^kq的正交归一本征态的数学结构和量子起伏性质,发现这些本征态中只有偶q相干态存在通常的压缩效应,并且当q〈1时,场的两个正交分量在各态中的量子起估可以同时有小于相干态的最小不确定度,有q压缩效应。 相似文献
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利用不变本征算符法计算了X-Y-Z模型各向异性海森伯亚铁磁系统的自旋波能量,并讨论了此系统特殊情形下的自旋波能量及不变本征算符法的优点与不足. 相似文献
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应用全势线性响应线性糕模轨道(FP-LR-LMTO)方法对MgcM3镁位进行钠掺杂的虚原子近似,计算晶格振动的动力学矩阵,得到Mg1-xNaxCNi3(x=0,0.06)的声子谱.计算结果表明MgCNi3声子谱中最低声学支沿F-M方向有接近一半距离的不稳定声子模存在,不稳定声子模都包括存原胞内x-y平面上两个相邻Ni原子沿着与C-Ni键垂直的方向上,向着镍八面体间隙区的垂直运动x为0.06的掺杂,使得布里渊区沿三个主要高对称性方向(Г-x、Г-M、Г-R)虚频范围扩大,容易使MgCNi3结构不稳定而产生结构相变. 相似文献
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利用线性组合算符和幺正变换相结合的方法,研究了声子色散对抛物量子点中弱耦合磁极化子电子周围光学声子平均数的影响。计及纵光学( LO)声子色散,在抛物近似下导出了基态能量与量子点有效受限长度、声子色散系数、回旋共振频率以及电子-声子耦合常数之间的关系,电子周围光学声子平均数与声子色散系数以及电子-声子耦合常数的关系。数值计算结果表明在弱耦合情况下抛物量子点中磁极化子的基态能量随声子色散系数的增大而减小;电子周围光学声子平均数随声子色散系数增大而增大,随电子-声子耦合常数的增大而增大。 相似文献
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冀文慧 《原子与分子物理学报》2015,32(6)
利用线性组合算符和幺正变换相结合的方法,研究了声子色散对抛物量子点中弱耦合磁极化子电子周围光学声子平均数的影响.计及纵光学(LO)声子色散,在抛物近似下导出了基态能量与量子点有效受限长度、声子色散系数、回旋共振频率以及电子-声子耦合常数之间的关系,电子周围光学声子平均数与声子色散系数以及电子-声子耦合常数的关系.数值计算结果表明在弱耦合情况下抛物量子点中磁极化子的基态能量随声子色散系数的增大而减小;电子周围光学声子平均数随声子色散系数增大而增大,随电子-声子耦合常数的增大而增大. 相似文献
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考虑电子与声子间相互作用,研究了两种声子库纯初始态(正则系综与粒子数态)下耗散介观电路的动力学特性.长时间极限下(t→∞):当环境处于热平衡态时,电路系统中的电流和电荷的平均值只与电路所处初始量子态中的平均值有关,与环境无关;环境初态为粒子数态时,电荷与电流平均值随时间的演化特性与环境初始处于热平衡态下时完全一样,表明介观电路中的电荷与电流的平均值与环境量子态的某组占有数无关.电路中电流和电荷的量子涨落不仅与系统的初态有关,还与系统所处环境的量子态及温度有关.一般地说,电路系统与环境的纠缠会
关键词:
介观耗散电路
声子库
量子初态
量子态纯度 相似文献
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考虑电子与声子间相互作用,研究了两种声子库纯初始态(正则系综与粒子数态)下耗散介观电路的动力学特性.长时间极限下(t→∞):当环境处于热平衡态时,电路系统中的电流和电荷的平均值只与电路所处初始量子态中的平均值有关,与环境无关;环境初态为粒子数态时,电荷与电流平均值随时间的演化特性与环境初始处于热平衡态下时完全一样,表明介观电路中的电荷与电流的平均值与环境量子态的某组占有数无关.电路中电流和电荷的量子涨落不仅与系统的初态有关,还与系统所处环境的量子态及温度有关.一般地说,电路系统与环境的纠缠会 相似文献
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Effect of phonon scattering mechanisms on the lattice thermal conductivity of skutterudite-related compound 下载免费PDF全文
We have prepared the skutterudite-related compounds FeCo_3Sb_{12} and La_{0.75}Fe_3CoSb_{12} with different average grain sizes (about 0.8 and 3.9μm) by hot pressing. Samples were characterized by XRD, EPMA and SEM. The lattice thermal conductivity was investigated in the temperature range from room temperature to 200℃. Based on the Debye model, we analyse the change in lattice thermal conductivity due to various phonon scattering mechanisms by examining the relationship between the weighted phonon relaxation time τ(ω/ω_D)^2 and the reduced phonon frequency ω/ω_D. The effect of grain boundary scattering to phonon is negligible within the range of grain sizes considered in this study. The large reduction in lattice thermal conductivity of FeCo_3Sb_{12} compound contributes to the electron-phonon scattering. As for La_{0.75}Fe_3CoSb_{12} compound, the atoms of La filled into the large voids in the structure of the skutterudite produce more significant electron-phonon scattering as well as more substitute of Fe at Co site at the same time. Moreover, the point-defect scattering appears due to the difference between the atoms of La and the void. In addition, the scattering by the rattling of the rare-earth atoms in the void is another major contribution to the reduced lattice thermal conductivity. Introducing the coupling of the electron-phonon scattering with the point-defect scattering and the scattering by the rattling of the rare-earth atom is an effective method to reduce the lattice thermal conductivity of the skutterudite-related compounds by substitution of Fe for Co and the atoms of La filled in the large voids in the skutterudite structure. 相似文献
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利用散射矩阵方法,比较了被一维凸形量子点、凹形量子点调制的量子线中膨胀模的声子输运和热导性质. 研究结果表明: 声子的输运概率与热导受制于量子点几何结构,具有凸形量子点结构的量子线中声子输运概率与热导KCV大于具有凹形量子点结构的量子线中声子输运概率与热导KCC. 两者热导之比KCV/KCC依赖于一维量子点的具体结构,且随着温度及主量子线与量子点横截面的边长差ΔSL的增加而增加. 两种具有不同散射结构的一维量子线中热输运性质的区别在于凸形量子点结构中膨胀模数量总是大于凹形量子点结构中膨胀模数量的缘故.
关键词:
声学声子输运
热导
量子结构 相似文献
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We calculate the diamagnetic spectrum of lithium at highly excited states up to the positive energy range using the exact quantum defect theory approach. The concerned excitation is one-photon transition from the ground state 2s to the highly excited states np with π and σ polarizations respectively. Lithium has a small quantum defect value 0.05 for the np states, and its diamagnetic spectrum is very similar to that of hydrogen in the energy range approaching the ionization limit. However, a careful calculation shows that the spectrum has a significant discrepancy with that of hydrogen when the energy is lower than 70cm-1 . The effect of the quantum defect is also discussed for the Stark spectrum. It is found that the σ transition to the np states in an electric field has a similar behavior to that of hydrogen due to zero interaction with channel ns. 相似文献
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在表面晶格动力学理论的框架下,采用改进分析型嵌入原子法模型模拟W(100)表面沿(Γ)(L) 、(L)(M) 和(Γ)(M)对称方向上的声子色散频谱,并计算不同对称点处的极化矢量.按照表面模的判定依据和标记方法绘制不同对称方向上的表面模,并讨论表面模的分布范围和模式耦合现象.基于计算所得的极化矢量,构建近表面原子层的振动态分布,分析不同对称方向上表面模的局域特征和极化方式.以极化矢量为考察对象,直观、形象地展示了表面模色散支之间的避免交叉现象和独立性实交叉现象. 相似文献
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Carl Wolf 《Foundations of Physics Letters》1996,9(5):499-504
The energy levels for a particle confined to a one dimensional potential well are calculated using discrete spatial QM. The partition function is constructed and approximations are made to evaluate it thus generating an expression for the energy, entropy and chemical potential of an ensemble of such particles. The concept of negative temperature is applied to the above system and applications to the early universe are also discussed. 相似文献
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Microscopic phonon theory of semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) is reviewed in this paper. Phonon modes of Si and Ge NCs with
various sizes of up to 7 nm are investigated by valence force field theory. Phonon modes in spherical SiGe alloy NCs approximately
3.6 nm (containing 1147 atoms) in size have been investigated as a function of the Si concentration. Phonon density-of-states,
quantum confinement effects, as well as Raman intensities are discussed.
相似文献