催化动力学极谱法测定痕量甲醛

在稀硫酸介质中,痕量甲醛对溴酸钾氧化甲基红的反应有很强的催化作用.而甲基红及其氧化产物均能在滴汞电极上产生灵敏的极谱吸附波,其峰电位依次为-0.57 V及-0.49 V(vs.SCE).在-0.57 V处测得的甲基红的峰电流的二阶导数值与反应体系中的甲醛浓度在0.2～6.5 mg·L-1之间呈线性关系,方法的检出限为0.041 mg·L-1,对2.5 mg·L-1甲醛测定8次,得出RSD值为1.8%,标准加入法回收率试验的结果在97.0%～104.0%之间.     

单扫描极谱法测定注射液及血清中维生素K1

建立了维生素K1的极谱测定方法.在0.05 mol·L-1 NH4Cl-NH3(pH 8.58)缓冲溶液中,维生素K1可产生一极谱还原峰,峰电位Ep为-0.39 V ;其二阶微分峰峰电流ip″与维生素K1的浓度在1.1×10-7 ～2.2×10-5 mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系,相关系数r=0.998 6(n= 9 );方法的检出限为4.0×10-8 mol·L-1.13次平行测定2.2×10-5 mol·L-1维生素K1还原波二阶导数峰峰电流ip″的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.83%.本法可直接用于注射液及血清中维生素K1含量的测定.     

单扫描示波极谱法测定药物中头孢曲松钠含量

研究了用单扫描示波极谱法测定药物中头孢曲松钠含量的方法。pH 4．5的草酸-草酸钾缓冲溶液中,头孢曲松钠在-768 mV(vs．SCE)处有一灵敏的极谱还原峰,在6～18 mg·L1范围内呈良好的线性关系。样品测定结果与药典中HPLC法相比较,相对偏差为0．74％,加标回收率在90．0%～120．0%之间。     

吡啶阳离子表面活性剂的示波极谱测定方法研究

在 0 .0 4mol·L- 1Na2 HPO4 KH2 PO4 (pH 8.0 )底液中 ,氯化十六烷基吡啶在汞电极上峰电位 - 1.35V(vs .SCE)处产生灵敏的还原波 ,其浓度在 0～ 0 .6mg·L- 1范围内与极谱波二阶导数的峰高 (H)呈正比 ,检出限 (3S/k)为 0 .0 1mg·L- 1。该极谱波具有吡啶阳离子表面活性剂的典型特征 ,特异性强 ,多种共存物质无干扰。用于生活饮用水中吡啶阳离子表面活性剂总量的测定 ,获得了满意的结果     

Sn(Ⅳ)-PAN极谱络合吸附波的研究

在乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中(pH 4.4),锡与1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)形成电活性络合物,在单扫描极谱仪上,于-0.61 V(vs.SCE)处产生一灵敏的导数极谱波,其峰电流与5.0×10-9~2.0×10-6mol.L-1锡浓度呈线性关系,检出限达2.0×10-9mol.L-1。用等摩尔连续变化法测得络合物的摩尔比为nSn(Ⅳ)∶nPAN=1∶2。机理研究表明,极谱波为吸附在电极表面的络合物中PAN还原产生。此法可用于测定罐头食品中锡,测定结果的RSD值小于4%,回收率为98%~103%。     

硒(Ⅳ)的示波极谱测定

在0.2mol·L-1的甲酸 甲酸钠缓冲液(pH3.5)中,硒(Ⅳ)于-0.70V(vs.SCE)处有一灵敏的极谱波。在1×10-5～0.5g·L-1范围内峰电流与其浓度呈线性关系,检出限为1×10-6g·L-1,加标回收率为95.0%～114.5%,相对标准偏差为4.44%～7.39%。方法适于试样中微量硒的测定。     

锌(Ⅱ)-邻菲罗啉络合物的极谱行为及应用

在0.075 mol.L-1硼酸-氢氧化钠的缓冲溶液中(pH 8.9),锌(Ⅱ)与邻菲罗形成的络合物是电活性的,于-1.30 V(vs.SCE)产生较灵敏的极谱峰,峰电流与锌(Ⅱ)浓度在4.0×10-8~2.0×10-6mol.L-1之间存在线性关系(r=0.998 6),检出限为2.0×10-8mol.L-1。利用线性扫描极谱法探讨了极谱峰的电化学性质及电极反应机理,并将该法成功应用于测定葡萄糖酸锌口服液中锌的含量。     

酸性铬蓝K-蛋白质结合反应体系的极谱分析

酸性铬蓝K(ACBK)在pH3.0Britton Robinson(B R)缓冲溶液中,于-0.41V(vs.SCE)产生一个灵敏的线性扫描二阶导数极谱峰。当在上述溶液中加入人血清白蛋白(HSA)后,由于HSA带正电,而ACBK带负电,两者之间主要通过静电引力形成一种超分子复合物,该复合物无电化学活性,使ACBK在溶液中的游离浓度降低,相应其在-0.41V处的极谱峰电流降低。优化了结合反应的条件和电化学测定条件。在最佳条件下,峰电流的降低值与HSA的加入量在3.0～20.0mg·L-1范围内呈线性关系,应用于人血清样品的测定,试验结果同考马斯亮蓝光度法一致。     

钴（Ⅱ）与3-噻唑偶氮-5-氨基苯酚生成的络合物的极谱吸附波

在pH 8.0的硼砂-盐酸缓冲溶液中,钴(Ⅱ)与3-噻唑偶氮-5-氨基苯酚(3-TAP)生成的络合物有一灵敏的极谱吸附波,其峰电位在-0.74 V左右(vs.SCE),峰电流的二阶导数(I'p)与钴(Ⅱ)的质量浓度在0.001～1.4 mg·L-1范围内呈线性关系,经多种电化学方法证明该波为络合吸附波,其电极过程为不可逆过程,电子转移数为2.此外,还试验了多种离子对峰电流I'p的影响,所拟方法用于3种维生素B12注射液样品中钴的测定,所得结果与标示值相符,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于2.5%.按标准加入法测得方法的回收率在92.0%～107.0%之间.     

级联人工神经网络结合单扫描示波极谱法同时测定对硝基氯苯和邻硝基苯酚

在pH 6.5的0.3 mol·L-1氯化钾介质中,在电位值-0.71 V 及-0.74 V处可分别见到对硝基氯苯及邻硝基苯酚的灵敏极谱峰,可分别对此两种化合物进行测定,但因两者相互干扰不能在混合物中同时测定.将改进的小波神经网络与BP神经网络相结合,提出一种新的混级联神经网络结构,并用于单扫描示波极谱法同时测定对硝基氯苯和邻硝基苯酚.通过对网络结构的优化和网络参数的调整,加快了训练速度,提高了预测的准确度.该法用于混合样品中同时测定对硝基氯苯和邻硝基苯酚,其相对误差和回收率分别为3.76%,96.2%;4.05%,96.0%.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.