Skyrme liquid versus Skyrme solid

Based on generic sum rules for two-dimensional, isotropic electron quantum liquids in the lowest Landau level, we propose analytic pair distribution functions for spin-polarized and spin-unpolarized liquid phases at filling factors . From the pair distribution functions we calculate the energy of such liquid phases and compare with the energy of the solid phase. The comparison suggests that the quantum melting phase transition to the Skyrme solid may lie much closer to ν=1 than ever expected.     

Generalized Skyrme crystals

This Letter deals with triply-periodic (crystalline) solutions in a family of Skyrme systems, namely where the field takes values in the squashed 3-sphere. The family includes the standard Skyrme model (round 3-sphere), and the Skyrme–Faddeev case (maximal squashing). In the round case, the lowest-energy crystal is the well-known cubic lattice of half-skyrmions; but in the squashed case the minimal-energy crystal structures turn out to be different. We describe some of the solutions that arise, including arrays of vortices and multi-sheeted structures.     

A PLZT ceramic T.I.R. diffraction modulator

A total internal reflection modulator is described using a prism of PLZT ceramic exhibiting the quadratic electro-optic effect and giving zero-order extinction at around 100 volts (0.67 kV mm^-1).     

Skyrme solitons with vector mesons

We investigate the Skyrme type soliton with vector mesons (ρ, A₁ and ω), first in the massive Yang-Mills approach and then using the hidden local symmetry Lagrangian. It is demonstrated that the two schemes give identical results for the soliton properties. A comparison is made with alternative approaches in which the A₁ degrees of freedom is eliminated.     

Topological Excitation in Skyrme Theory

Based on the C-mapping topological current theory and the decomposition of gauge potential theory, we investigate knotted vortex lines and monopoles in Skyrme theory and simply discuss the branch processes （splitting, merging, and intersection） during the evolution of the monopoles.     

The phonon-coupling model for Skyrme forces

A short review on the self-consistent RPA based on the energy-density functional of the Skyrme type is given. We also present an extension of the RPA where the coupling of phonons to the single-particle states is considered. Within this approach we present numerical results which are compared with data. The self-consistent approach is compared with the Landau–Migdal theory. Here we derive from the self-consistent ph interaction, the Landau–Migdal parameters as well as their density dependence. In the Appendix a new derivation of the reduced matrix elements of the ph interaction is presented.     

Asymmetric nuclear matter and Skyrme potential

The binding energy, symmetry energy, pressure, incompressibility, and the velocity of sound are calculated for asymmetric nuclear matter using Skyrme interaction SkO’. The behavior of these physical quantities is studied for different values of the asymmetry parameter α _τ , the density ρ, and the temperature T. Good agreement is obtained in comparison with previous theoretical estimates and experimental data. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Canonical quantization of the Skyrme model

The canonical quantization of the Skyrme model is presented. Due to the complexities of the original set-up, first postulated by Rajeev, a new set of fields is found which satisfy a Lie algebra and for this reason, simplifies the study of the system. Using the new fields, the properties of the states under rotations are examined. As a result we re-derive the quantization of the coefficient of the Wess-Zumino action as an a priori consistency condition. We also find under what circumstances states with non-vanishing winding number behave like fermions.     

威耳逊对云室的实验研究

介绍了C.T.R.威耳逊的主要贡献和发明云室的过程.他由研究水滴的凝结规律入手,不断改进实验装置,拍摄了带电粒子的径迹照片,从而证明了康普顿效应;还分析了威耳逊取得成功的几个重要因素.     

Skyrme force and the mass formula

Coefficients of the mass formula related to the property of the nuclear surface are calculated from the Skyrme forces SII, SIII and SV defined by the Orsay group. Comparing with Myers' mass formula parameters, it is found that the effective stiffness Q for separation of the neutron and proton surfaces is too large by a factor of about two for SIII. The discrepancy can also be stated by saying that the surface symmetry energy calculated from SIII is too small, and related to this is a too thin neutron skin for N > Z nuclei. The SV force gives a much too small value for Q. The SII force, with a repulsive term somewhere intermediate between SIII and SV gives a better value for Q. The strong density dependence of SIII is needed, however, to give good single-particle spectra (or the effective mass large enough). The SIII force has a density dependence between unlike nucleons only (between neutrons and protons). In this paper we modify the Skyrme force so as to allow for a density dependence also between like nucleons. A many-body theoretical justification for this modification is given in the paper. The mass formula parameter Q is reproduced with our new force maintaining a sufficiently strong density dependence. The neutron skin thickness is increased and the ⁴⁰Ca-⁴⁸Ca isotope shift of the charge radius is also well reproduced with this new force. A change of the density dependence from a linear to a one-third power dependence improves the agreement with the compressibility, and also affects the neutron-proton distributions in the surface.     

SU(2) Skyrme vortices

A regular method for constructing vortexlike solutions with cylindrical symmetry to the equations of the SU(2) Skyrme chiral model is proposed. A numerical estimate for the length density of mass is given.