爱因斯坦对量子理论发展的重要影响

结合20世纪量子力学发展的特殊历史背景,从早期的量子论到现行量子力学理论体系的形成和完善过程出发,讨论了爱因斯坦在量子力学方面的重要工作,指出他在量子理论发展的不同时期都发挥了重要作用,对量子力学理论的研究产生了重要而又深远的影响,极大地促进了量子力学的发展.     

Nonlinearity of Quantum Mechanics and Solution of the Problem of Wave Function Collapse

The problem of the wave function collapse (a problem of measurement in quantum mechanics) is considered. It is shown that it can be solved based on quantum mechanics and does not require any additional assumptions or new theories. The particle creation and annihilation processes, which are described based on quantum field theory, play a key role in the measurement processes. Superposition principle is not valid for the system of equations of quantum field theory for particles and fields, because this system is a non-linear. As a result of the creation (annihilation) of a particle, an additional uncertainty arises, which "smears" the interference pattern. The imposition of such a large number of uncertainties in the repetitive measurements leads to the classical behavior of particles. The decoherence theory also implies the creation and annihilation of particles, and this processes are the consequence of non-linearity of quantum mechanics. In this case, the term "collapse of the wave function" becomes a consequence of the other statements of quantum mechanics instead of a separate postulate of quantum mechanics.     

Nonlinearity of Quantum Mechanics and Solution of the Problem of Wave Function Collapse

The problem of the wave function collapse(a problem of measurement in quantum mechanics) is considered.It is shown that it can be solved based on quantum mechanics and does not require any additional assumptions or new theories. The particle creation and annihilation processes, which are described based on quantum field theory, play a key role in the measurement processes. Superposition principle is not valid for the system of equations of quantum field theory for particles and fields, because this system is a non-linear. As a result of the creation(annihilation) of a particle,an additional uncertainty arises, which "smears" the interference pattern. The imposition of such a large number of uncertainties in the repetitive measurements leads to the classical behavior of particles. The decoherence theory also implies the creation and annihilation of particles, and this processes are the consequence of non-linearity of quantum mechanics. In this case, the term "collapse of the wave function" becomes a consequence of the other statements of quantum mechanics instead of a separate postulate of quantum mechanics.     

Observations of the Ramsauer–Townsend effect in quaternionic quantum mechanics

In this article, one of the well-known effects in quantum mechanics is addressed and also the extended form of quantum mechanics which is based on quaternions is presented. In the presence of this version of quantum mechanics the Ramsauer–Townsend effect has been investigated and the existence of this phenomenon is studied according to quaternionic calculations; results are presented by graphs.     

Does the quantum formalism allow for the observability of empty quantum waves?

The compatibility of the notion of empty wave with quantum mechanics is investigated. Invoking general physical requirements valid in quantum mechanics it is shown that a picture of a quantum system in terms of an empty wave and a non-empty wave containing a quantum particle is deficient. Research associate N.F.W.O. (Belgium).     

Quaternionic quantum mechanics is consistent with complex quantum mechanics

Quaternionic quantum mechanics is investigated in the light of the great success of complex quantum mechanics. It is shown that to reproduce the results of complex quantum mechanics, quaternionic quantum mechanics must contain complex quantum mechanics.     

The significance of a hidden variable proof and the logical interpretation of quantum mechanics

This paper examines the logical interpretation of quantum mechanics. Since this interpretation is based on a proof by Kochen and Specker that purports to demonstrate that hidden variable theories for quantum mechanics are excluded, the proof and its significance for the understanding of hidden variable theories and standard quantum mechanics are discussed.Work supported by the National Science Foundation.     

Toward a micro realistic version of quantum mechanics. Part I

This paper investigates the possibility of developing a fully micro realistic version of elementary quantum mechanics. I argue that it is highly desirable to develop such a version of quantum mechanics, and that the failure of all current versions and interpretations of quantum mechanics to constitute micro realistic theories is at the root of many of the interpretative problems associated with quantum mechanics, in particular the problem of measurement. I put forward a propensity micro realistic version of quantum mechanics, and suggest how it might be possible to discriminate, on experimental grounds, between this theory and other versions of quantum mechanics.     

Understanding quantum entanglement: Qubits,rebits and the quaternionic approach

It has been recently pointed out by Caves, Fuchs, and Rungta [1] that real quantum mechanics (that is, quantum mechanics defined over real vector spaces [2–5]) provides an interesting foil theory whose study may shed some light on just which particular aspects of quantum entanglement are unique to standard quantum theory and which are more generic over other physical theories endowed with this phenomenon. Following this work, some entanglement properties of two-rebit systems are discussed and a comparison with the basic properties of two-qubit systems, i.e., the systems described by standard complex quantum mechanics, is made. The use of quaternionic quantum mechanics as applied to the phenomenon of entanglement is also discussed.     

Retrodiction of the transferred momentum in measurement and nonlocal determinism in quantum theory

According to quantum mechanics, the change in a measured variable, following a measurement of it, cannot be obtained. In the present paper, a thought-experiment is developed in which the change can be obtained by means of an extension of quantum mechanics. It is, then, claimed that quantum mechanics permits nonlocal determinism through state reduction, in terms of its extension.     

Wave Mechanics or Wave Statistical Mechanics

By comparison between equations of motion of geometrical optics and that of classical statistical mechanics, this paper finds that there should be an analogy between geometrical optics and classical statistical mechanics instead of geometrical mechanics and classical mechanics. Furthermore, by comparison between the classical limit of quantum mechanics and classical statistical mechanics, it finds that classical limit of quantum mechanics is classical statistical mechanics not classical mechanics, hence it demonstrates that quantum mechanics is a natural generalization of classical statistical mechanics instead of classical mechanics. Thence quantum mechanics in its true appearance is a wave statistical mechanics instead of a wave mechanics.     

Wave Mechanics or Wave Statistical Mechanics

By comparison between equations of motion of geometrical optics and that of classical statistical mechanics, this paper finds that there should be an analogy between geometrical optics and classical statistical mechanics instead of geometrical mechanics and classical mechanics. Furthermore, by comparison between the classical limit of quantum mechanics and classical statistical mechanics, it finds that classical limit of quantum mechanics is classical statistical mechanics not classical mechanics, hence it demonstrates that quantum mechanics is a natural generalization of classical statistical mechanics instead of classical mechanics. Thence quantum mechanics in its true appearance is a wave statistical mechanics instead of a wave mechanics.     

Quantum logical solution to the measurement problem of quantum mechanics

In this paper I propose a reformulation and solution of the measurement problem of quantum mechanics. The reformulation depends on a quantum logical interpretation of quantum mechanics, broadly construed. The solution depends on a theorem about partial Boolean algebras which is proved here.     

Contextuality in Classical Physics and Its Impact on the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics

It is shown that the hallmark quantum phenomenon of contextuality is present in classical statistical mechanics (CSM). It is first shown that the occurrence of contextuality is equivalent to there being observables that can differentiate between pure and mixed states. CSM is formulated in the formalism of quantum mechanics (FQM), a formulation commonly known as the Koopman–von Neumann formulation (KvN). In KvN, one can then show that such a differentiation between mixed and pure states is possible. As contextuality is a probabilistic phenomenon and as it is exhibited in both classical physics and ordinary quantum mechanics (OQM), it is concluded that the foundational issues regarding quantum mechanics are really issues regarding the foundations of probability.     

On the Classical Limit of Quantum Mechanics

Contrary to the widespread belief, the problem of the emergence of classical mechanics from quantum mechanics is still open. In spite of many results of the standard approach, it is not yet clear how to explain within standard quantum mechanics the classical motion of macroscopic bodies. In this paper, we shall formulate the classical limit as a scaling limit in terms of an adimensional parameter ε. We shall take the first steps toward a comprehensive understanding of the classical limit, analyzing special cases of classical behavior in the framework of a precise formulation of quantum mechanics called Bohmian mechanics which contains in its own structure the possibility of describing real objects in an observer-independent way.     

A rational interpretation of the dirac equation for the electron

Rationalization of the interpretation of the Dirac equation for the electron lies beyond the conventional scope of quantum mechanics. This difficulty motivates a revision of the system of quantum mechanics through which the indeterministic trait is eliminated from the system.     

Nonrelativistic Quantum Mechanics with Spin in the Framework of a Classical Subquantum Kinetics

Recently it has been shown that the spinless one-particle quantum mechanics can be obtained in the framework of entirely classical subquantum kinetics. In the present paper we argue that, within the same scheme and without any extra assumption, it is possible to obtain both the nonrelativistic quantum mechanics with spin, in the presence of an arbitrary external electromagnetic field, as well as the nonlinear quantum mechanics.     

Foundations of the Quaternion Quantum Mechanics

We show that quaternion quantum mechanics has well-founded mathematical roots and can be derived from the model of the elastic continuum by French mathematician Augustin Cauchy, i.e., it can be regarded as representing the physical reality of elastic continuum. Starting from the Cauchy theory (classical balance equations for isotropic Cauchy-elastic material) and using the Hamilton quaternion algebra, we present a rigorous derivation of the quaternion form of the non- and relativistic wave equations. The family of the wave equations and the Poisson equation are a straightforward consequence of the quaternion representation of the Cauchy model of the elastic continuum. This is the most general kind of quantum mechanics possessing the same kind of calculus of assertions as conventional quantum mechanics. The problem of the Schrödinger equation, where imaginary ‘i’ should emerge, is solved. This interpretation is a serious attempt to describe the ontology of quantum mechanics, and demonstrates that, besides Bohmian mechanics, the complete ontological interpretations of quantum theory exists. The model can be generalized and falsified. To ensure this theory to be true, we specified problems, allowing exposing its falsity.