双折射调谐器的设计及加工方法

本文讨论了影响调谐器性能的主要因素，并从实际应用考虑，以输出光强最大为设计目的，提出了合理的加工方法。     

Detection Performance of Laser Altimeters with Avalanche Diode Detectors

Detection performance of the laser altimeter with avalanche photodiode has been analyzed and the studies indicate that the detection threshold applied to the discriminator has the decisive influence on the detection performance. Simulation shows that the primary photoelectron count produced by laser pulse returns and the average gain of APD determine the selection scope of the threshold, and also a method to select the threshold has been presented.     

Development of a small X-ray source using an ultraviolet laser and pyroelectric crystal

We investigate a miniaturized X-ray source using an ultraviolet (UV) laser and a pyroelectric crystal and discuss potential applications in medicine. The UV laser is the fourth harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 266 nm, repetition rate of 10 Hz, and pulse energy of 40 mJ. The pyroelectric crystal is a LiNbO₃ cylinder of diameter 10 mm and length 6 mm. The prototype X-ray source we fabricated is an aluminum parallelepiped of dimensions 3 × 3 × 5 cm. The X-ray count rate of the X-ray source is maximized at approximately 1,400 cps for UV laser irradiation of approximately 5 min. After 30 min of irradiation by the UV laser, the temperature of the pyroelectric crystal rose from 295 K to 312 K. The principles of X-ray generation ensure that X-ray sources using UV lasers and pyroelectric crystals offer ample opportunity for miniaturization. We believe the X-ray source developed in this work is suitable for medical applications, although further study is needed to address points such as increasing the X-ray count rate and adjusting the temperature of the pyroelectric crystal.     

The comparison of laser surface designing and pigment printing methods for the product quality

Developing new designs by using the computer and transferring the designs that are obtained to textile surfaces will not only increase and facilitate the production in a more practical manner, but also help you create identical designs. This means serial manufacturing of the products at standard quality and increasing their added values. Moreover, creating textile designs using the laser will also contribute to the value of the product as far as the consumer is concerned because it will not cause any wearing off and deformation in the texture of the fabric unlike the other methods.In the system that has been designed, the laser beam at selected wavelength and intensity was directed onto a selected textile surface and a computer-controlled laser beam source was used to change the colour substances on the textile surface.Pigment printing is also used for designing in textile and apparel sector. In this method, designs are transferred to the fabric manually by using dyestuff.In this study, the denim fabric used for the surfacing trial was 100% cotton, with a weft count per centimeter of 20 and a warp count per centimeter of 27, with fabric weight of 458 g/m².The first step was to prepare 40 pieces of denim samples, half of which were prepared manually pigment printing and the other half by using the laser beam. After this, some test applications were done. The tensile strength, tensile extension and some fastness values of designed pieces with two methods were compared according to the international standards.     

光束指向稳定性高精度检测方法研究北大核心CSCD

光束指向稳定性是高能激光应用研究中的一项关键指标,光束指向稳定性的检测是高能激光系统性能实现的重要环节。以长焦距聚焦反射镜与高分辨率CCD(charge coupled device)为主要元件,构建高精度的光束指向检测装置。采用灰度重心法定位光斑中心,并以理想光斑与实测光斑为例进行验证,误差小于1个像元。利用CCD高频采样,统计单位时间内光斑中心位移,获得光束指向稳定性指标,检测实例精度可达1.25μrad。该方法简便易行,测量精度高,适用于各种波长的激光光束指向检测以及其他相关参数的测量。     

基于超导纳米线单光子探测器深空激光通信模型及误码率研究

高速深空通信是深空探测的关键技术之一,具备单光子灵敏度的激光通信系统将大大提高现有的深空通信速度.然而,单光子条件下的激光通信不仅需要考虑传输环境的影响,还需要考虑实际单光子探测器性能和光子数量子态的分布.本文在不考虑大气湍流影响的情况下,以光电探测模型为基础,引入超导纳米线单光子探测器(SNSPD)系统的探测效率和暗计数,建立了反应系统差错性能的数学模型,提出了系统误码率的计算公式.先对公式中的光强和激光脉冲重复频率对误码率的影响进行仿真,再通过实验结果验证仿真模型.结果表明,光强对误码率的影响最明显,随着光强从0.01光子/脉冲到1000光子/脉冲的增加,误码率从10~(-1)到10~(-7)量级明显下降;激光脉冲重复频率对误码率的影响受到不同光强的制约,但都随着脉冲重复频率的增加呈下降趋势.与此同时,当增加光强或者提高速度时,误码率高于仿真结果,约在10~(-4)量级,其原因可能是实际通信中调制光信号的消光比不足和光纤引入背景噪声提高了系统暗计数.以上模型和实验结果为进一步开展基于SNSPD的月球-地球、火星-地球等高速深空激光通信奠定了基础.     

脉冲展宽下水下激光PPM信号解调方法的研究

在水下激光脉位调制(PPM)通信中,脉冲的时域展宽容易导致时隙串扰,进而严重影响通信质量。针对这一问题,对光PPM取样信号最大似然时隙(MLC)解调和最大累加计数样值(MAS)解调进行了改进。并根据激光脉冲水下传输后其能量分布的特点,在MAS解调的基础上,提出最大变权重累加计数(MVA)解调。计算机仿真结果表明,相比MAS解调,MVA解调时能明显改善时隙串扰情况下的PPM信号解调性能,并且对水下光信道的随机性有较好的自适应能力,证明了MVA解调方法的有效性,对水下激光无线通信的应用具有重要的实际意义。     

抗干扰型激光干涉环计数装置的设计

设计了一种由狭缝、遮光板和计数器组成的激光干涉环计数装置,它能够排除各种光的干扰,可以避免轻微振动而使计数装置产生错误计数。应用在迈克耳孙干涉仪测激光的波长试验中,在正常开灯条件下,能准确地记录干涉环数目。该计数装置具有抗干扰性、实用性和通用性强等突出特点。     

Ultrafast fiber lasers for strong‐field physics experiments

The recent demonstration of rare‐earth‐doped fiber lasers with a continuous‐wave output power approaching the 10‐kW level with diffraction‐limited beam quality proves that fiber lasers constitute a scalable solid‐state laser concept in terms of average power. In order to generate high peak power pulses from a fiber several fundamental limitations have to be overcome. This can be achieved by novel experimental strategies and fiber designs that offer an enormous potential towards ultrafast laser systems combining high average powers (> kW) and high peak power (> GW). In this paper the challenges, achievements and perspectives of ultrashort pulse generation and amplification in fibers are reviewed. This kind of laser system will have a tremendous impact on strong‐field physics experiments, such as the generation of coherent light by high‐harmonic generation. So far, applications in the interesting EUV spectral range suffer from the very low photon count leading to nonrelevant integration times with highly sophisticated detection schemes. High repetition rate high average power fiber lasers can potentially solve this issue. First demonstrations of high repetition‐rate strong‐field physics experiments using novel fiber laser systems will be discussed.     

Multiplexed ladar fiber-optic sensor system

Abstract

Practical considerations in the design of an optically multiplexed ladar fiber-optic linear-position sensing system are discussed, including network architecture, bus fiber count, fault location, sensor separation, and network efficiency. The results of a six-channel multiplexing experiment using a single laser diode are presented.     

The Measurement of Nanoparticles Using Photon Correlation Spectroscopy and Avalanche Photo Diodes

In many areas of particle research there is a growing requirement to measure small particles, dilute systems and poorly scattering materials. The laser based technique of photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) is used to measure nanometer sized particles, but very high count rates are required to obtain repeatable sizing measurements with small, weakly scattering particles. Traditionally this has been achieved using high powered lasers. These have the disadvantage of themselves producing changes in the sample and being costly. This paper reports on the development of a new generation avalanche photo diode (APD) which enables the measurement of small, weakly scattering particles without the need for a powerful laser. Data are presented for a variety of sample types.     

Growth of the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under red and blue lasers

Red and blue lasers, holding promise as an electric light source for photosynthetic systems on account of being true monochromatic, high-power, and having high electrical-conversion efficiency, were employed in growing a green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The laser treatments tested included: 655-nm Red; 680-nm Red; 655-nm Red+474-nm Blue and 680-nm Red+474-nm Blue. A white cold cathode lamp with spectral output similar to that of white fluorescent lamp served as control. C. reinhardtii successfully grew and divided under the 655 and 680-nm red lasers as well as under the white-light control. Supplementing either red with blue laser, however, resulted in increased algae cell count that significantly exceeded those under both red lasers and the white-light control on average by 241%.     

Quantum analysis on the four-photon interference

We present a theory for quantum interference of four photons generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Detailed investigation of the dependence of fourfold coincidence count rate on time delay between the incident and the reflective pump laser pulses is carried out. Gaussian type dependence is found, and good agreement between our theoretical results and experimental data reported in the literature is achieved.     

Quantum analysis on the four-photon interference

We present a theory for quantum interference of four photons generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion. Detailed investigation of the dependence of fourfold coincidence count rate on time delay between the incident and the reflective pump laser pulses is carried out. Gaussian type dependence is found, and good agreement between our theoretical results and experimental data reported in the literature is achieved.     

激光拍频信号光子到达时间间隔特性分析

为了得到周期激光拍频信号的频率,从理论上推导了光信号相邻光子到达时间间隔满足的概率密度函数(PDF),以数值计算为基础,对周期性激光拍频信号进行详细分析,得到了稳定光强信号和周期拍频信号光子到达时间间隔PDF曲线形状的差别,从该差别中能够获取信号的拍频频率。设计了验证实验光路系统,采用多像素光子计数器(MPPC)记录光子时间,对6、8、10、12MHz拍频信号进行探测,证明了理论分析的正确性。在光子计数频率为拍频频率1/5的条件下,得到较好的实验结果,估计两光束混合效率为0.65。以暗计数噪声为限制条件,分析了该方法能够探测到的最小拍频频率为0.2333MHz。     

侧吹辅助气流对激光立焊5A90铝锂合金气孔影响

基于试验设计软件Design Expert V8设计试验，开展激光焊接5A90铝锂合金工艺试验，研究侧吹保护气流参数对焊缝气孔的影响规律，拟合侧吹流量、侧吹角度和等效气孔点数的函数图像，建立数学模型，优化保护气流参数，预测Ⅰ级焊缝保护气流参数范围。实验结果表明:侧吹气流的加入能明显抑制焊缝气孔，侧吹流量是显著因子，对气孔影响较大，随着流量的增加，气孔点数先增后减，在侧吹流量为5~7 L/min时有最小气孔点数；侧吹角度和交互项是不显著因子，在侧吹角度为20~30范围内，有一个较优值。气孔点数的最优响应模型为三阶模型，该模型拟合良好，经验证试验检验，模型误差范围小于10%，Ⅰ级焊缝易在侧吹流量为3~9 L/min，侧吹角度为15~52范围内获得。     

微结构气体探测器中紫外激光束的信号和指向精度实验研究

在气体探测器研究中,利用266 nm紫外激光的双光子电离物理机制使气体电离产生可测量的信号,是一种重要的标定方法.随着微结构气体探测器(MPGD)的不断发展,用紫外激光标定来实现较高精度位置分辨率成为了一种研究需求,对此有两个关键技术问题需要解决:实验研究激光可测信号大小以及激光指向精度.分析和模拟计算了紫外光电离信号大小和激光调光误差,基于微结构气体电子倍增器探测器与266 nm波长激光束,在工作气体Ar/CO_2(70/30)中,测量了不同光斑面积与输出信号的关系;设计和研制了紫外激光调光系统,实验测量了紫外光调光偏差.模拟结果与实验结果对比分析表明:紫外激光束作用于气体探测器,探测器增益在5000,前放增益为10 mV/fC时, 6 mm读出条宽输出信号幅度约400 mV;在探测器内传播距离为400 mm时,较短时间内(10—20 min)实验调光指向精度可以保证小于5′,引入z向偏差最大可以达到0.33 mm,对应z向漂移速度的测量相对误差为6.4×10-4.该研究为MPGD与紫外激光标定实验设计提供主要的设计参考.     

The auto-measurement of the gap of LCD glass plates using sub-pixel accuracy estimation

In this paper, the distance between laser spots has been measured using sub-pixel accuracy estimation and the accuracy has been tested in a noise environment. Here, the correlation like method (CLM) is used for the distance measurement between two laser spots and to count the estimation precision effect under noise factor by relevant CLM theorems. From the maximum value of the data series, then the position of the center of laser spot can be derived by interpolation. The estimation precision effect under noise factor and DC offset are tested and analyzed by a computer system. Also, for improving the estimation precision, a Kalman filter, which is often applied for random estimation and control theorem, is adopted. The innovation research combines CLM, and Kalman filter in sub-pixel accuracy estimation is more precise. This method can be used for measuring the gap of LCD glass plates, of optical strain gauge and the characteristics of spectral, quickly and can be automated.     

Application of an ePix100 detector for coherent scattering using a hard X‐ray free‐electron laser

A prototype ePix100 detector was used in small‐angle scattering geometry to capture speckle patterns from a static sample using the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) hard X‐ray free‐electron laser at 8.34 keV. The average number of detected photons per pixel per pulse was varied over three orders of magnitude from about 23 down to 0.01 to test the detector performance. At high average photon count rates, the speckle contrast was evaluated by analyzing the probability distribution of the pixel counts at a constant scattering vector for single frames. For very low average photon counts of less than 0.2 per pixel, the `droplet algorithm' was first applied to the patterns for correcting the effect of charge sharing, and then the pixel count statistics of multiple frames were analyzed collectively to extract the speckle contrast. Results obtained using both methods agree within the uncertainty intervals, providing strong experimental evidence for the validity of the statistical analysis. More importantly it confirms the suitability of the ePix100 detector for X‐ray coherent scattering experiments, especially at very low count rates with performances surpassing those of previously available LCLS detectors.     

Free-space lossless state detection of a single trapped atom

We demonstrate the lossless state-selective detection of a single rubidium 87 atom trapped in an optical tweezer. This detection is analogous to the one used on trapped ions. After preparation in either a dark or a bright state, we probe the atom internal state by sending laser light that couples an excited state to the bright state only. The laser-induced fluorescence is collected by a high numerical aperture lens. The single-shot fidelity of the detection is 98.6±0.2% and is presently limited by the dark count noise of the detector. The simplicity of this method opens new perspectives in view of applications to quantum manipulations of neutral atoms.